Electrical Safety and Precautions PDF

Electrical Safety and Precautions Objectives: ❑Explain the importance of general safety precaution on handling hazardous chemicals and responding to electrical shocks. ❑Use appropriate PPE, fire extinguishers, and correctly implement first aid techniques such as CPR or treating burns. ❑Demonstra...

Electrical Safety and Precautions Objectives: ❑Explain the importance of general safety precaution on handling hazardous chemicals and responding to electrical shocks. ❑Use appropriate PPE, fire extinguishers, and correctly implement first aid techniques such as CPR or treating burns. ❑Demonstrate a proactive attitude toward safety by consistently advocating for safe practices, encouraging others to wear PPE, and reporting hazards when observed.  Terminologies: ❑ Ventricular fibrillation: A condition in which the heart flutters uselessly and fails to pump blood ❑ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): A technique used to maintain circulation and respiration ❑ Electric arc: A discharge of electricity through a gas ❑ Qualified person: A person familiar with the construction and operation of electrical equipment and the hazards involved ❑ Intrinsically Safe equipment: The standard unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second The Importance of Electrical Safety ❑Prevention is Key Learn to recognize electrical dangers. Follow safety procedures and wear protective gear. ❑Ask Questions If you don’t understand a rule or procedure, ask for help. Ignorance of safety rules can lead to accidents. ❑Accidents Don’t "Just Happen" Most accidents are caused by unsafe actions, like carelessness, fatigue, or stress. Report unsafe conditions or near-accidents to your supervisor right away. ❑Be Responsible Respect electricity and always follow safety guidelines. If you’re involved in an accident, inform your supervisor and seek medical help immediately. Electric Circuit Electricity flows through a path called a circuit, similar to how water flows through a pipe. The circuit requires: A source of energy (e.g., generator or battery) to move electrons. A conductor (wire) to carry the flow. Open Circuit vs. Closed Circuit Open Circuit: A gap stops the current flow (e.g., switch off). Closed Circuit: A complete path allows current to flow. If your body completes the circuit, it can cause electric shock. Current vs. Resistance Current (Amperes, A): Measures the flow of electricity (like water in a pipe). Resistance (Ohms, Ω): The opposition to the flow of electricity in the wire, causing energy loss (measured in volts, V). Electrical Hazard Awareness What does hazard mean? ❑any potential or actual threat to the wellbeing of people, machinery or environment.  ❑ making contact with overhead wires ❑ undertaking maintenance on live equipment ❑ working with damaged electrical equipment, such as extension leads, plugs and sockets ❑ using equipment affected by rain or water ingress What does hazard mean? Resulting to: ❑ Injury ❑ Burns ❑ Shocks ❑ Falls ❑ Death ❑ Fire or property damage  How do you respond to electrical incidents? ❑ If you come across a person receiving an electric shock: ❑ if possible, disconnect the electrical supply (switch?) ❑ assess the situation – never put yourself at risk ❑ take precautions to protect yourself and anyone else in the vicinity ❑ apply the first aid principles (e.g. DRSABCD) ❑ assess the injuries and move the casualty to a safe area if required ❑ administer first aid if trained ❑ seek urgent medical attention Apply the first aid principles (e.g. DRSABCD) 1. D – Danger Check for danger to yourself, the patient, and others before approaching. Example: In an electrical accident, ensure the power source is turned off to avoid electrocution. 2. R – Response Check if the patient is responsive. Ask questions like, "Can you hear me?" or "Are you okay?" Example: Gently shake the person's shoulders and look for any reaction. 3. S – Send for Help Call emergency services (e.g., 911 or local emergency number) immediately if the person is unresponsive or needs urgent medical care. Example: If someone collapses in a workplace, ask a bystander to call for help while you continue first aid. 4. A – Airway Ensure the airway is clear of blockages. Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway. Example: Remove any visible obstructions like food or vomit if safe to do so.  Apply the first aid principles (e.g. DRSABCD) 5. B – Breathing Check if the person is breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for breaths. Example: Place your cheek near their mouth and watch for chest movements. 6. C – CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) If the person is not breathing, begin CPR: 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Example: Push hard and fast in the center of the chest to maintain blood flow to vital organs. 7. D – Defibrillation Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available and follow the instructions. Example: Turn on the AED, place the pads on the patient as directed, and let the device analyze their heart rhythm. Levels of Effect of Electric Current on the Human Body AC current (mA) Effect on human body 1 Slight tingling sensation 2-9 Small shock 10-24 Muscles contract causing you to freeze 25-74 Respiratory muscles can become paralysed; pain; exit burns often visible 75-300 Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation; entry & exit wounds visible >300 Death almost certain; if survive will have badly burnt organs and probably require amputations You Can Safely Protect Yourself from Electricity! 1. Avoid Wearing Metal Objects: Metal can conduct electricity, so don't wear jewelry or metal accessories. 2. Turn Off Power: Always switch off the electricity before working with electrical equipment. 3. Wear Appropriate Clothing: Wear non-conductive clothes and shoes, like rubber-soled shoes, for extra safety. 4. Don’t Touch Live Parts: Never touch electrical components that are connected to power. 5. Use Qualified Professionals: Only let trained professionals install or repair electrical equipment. 6. Clean and Dry Leads and Plugs: Make sure electrical cords and plugs are dry and clean before use to avoid shock. You Can Safely Protect Yourself from Electricity! 7. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use safety gear like insulated gloves when handling electricity. 8. Heed Warning Signs: Always pay attention to safety warnings and labels around electrical equipment. 9. Use the Right Equipment: Only use electrical tools and devices that are safe and in good condition. 10. Take Care of Extension Leads: Don’t damage or trip over extension cords; always check them before use. 11. Use Residual Current Devices (RCDs): These help protect you from electric shocks by cutting off power when needed. 12. Use Proper Fuses and Circuit Breakers: Make sure the right fuses and circuit breakers are in place to avoid electrical overload. Electric Shock  ELECTRIC SHOCK ❑An electric shock occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical current. ❑The human body can conduct electricity, and when this happens, it can disrupt normal bodily functions, especially the heart and muscles. ❑The severity of an electric shock depends on several factors, including the voltage, current, duration of exposure, and the path the electricity takes through the body.  Key Points About Electric Shock: How It Happens? Factors That Affect the Effects of Electric Shock: Severity of Electric Shock: Mild Shock: You may feel a Electric shock occurs when slight tingling sensation. Voltage (V): Higher voltage the body becomes part of the increases the severity of the shock. Moderate Shock: Causes electrical circuit, allowing Household voltage is around 120V, muscle spasms and pain. You the current to flow through while industrial voltage can be may have difficulty letting go of it. This typically happens much higher (e.g., 480V). the electrical source. when touching exposed Current (Amperes, A): A higher Severe Shock: Can lead to electrical parts like wires, current flowing through the body unconsciousness, burns, can cause more damage. outlets, or appliances. difficulty breathing, heart Duration: The longer you are arrhythmia, or even cardiac exposed to the current, the more arrest. dangerous the shock. Path of Current: The current is Heart Damage: The most most dangerous when it passes serious danger of electric shock through vital organs like the heart is heart arrhythmia, where the or brain. heart beats irregularly or stops altogether.  Prevention of Electric Shock: Turn off Use Avoid Inspect Training Turn off Power Use Protective Avoid Water: Inspect Proper Training: Before Work: Equipment: Never work with Equipment: Always be Always turn off Wear insulated electricity near Regularly check properly trained the electrical gloves, rubber- water. Water is a electrical and qualified source before soled shoes, and great conductor equipment, before working working on any protective gear of electricity, cords, and plugs with electrical equipment. Use when handling increasing the for signs of systems. lock-out/tag-out electrical devices risk of shock. damage. Replace procedures when or equipment. or repair necessary. damaged equipment immediately.  STAY ALIVE! Protect Yourself, Gear Up, Stay Alert 1. Flash Suit 2. Gloves 4. Safety Glasses 3. Head Protection (Hard hat)  STAY ALIVE! Protect Yourself, Gear Up, Stay Alert 5. Others Barricade Tape Safety Harnesses and Electrical Tools Lifelines Lockout/Tagout Devices Voltage tester Grounding, Ground Faults, and Short Circuits Terminologies GROUND: any GROUND GROUNDING GROUND- STATIC connection FAULT: an STRUCTURE: a FAULT CIRCUIT ELECTRICITY: between an unplanned metal frame or INTERRUPTER unlike current electric circuit connection to other structure (GFCI): a device electricity, it and the earth ground or an not connected to that interrupts a involves unintentional the earth circuit when it electrons that ground detects a ground accumulate on fault an object Grounding This ensures safety by Refers to the process of providing a low-resistance It stabilizes the voltage connecting the electrical path for electrical levels, protecting both system to the earth or a currents, especially in the people and devices from conductive body that event of a fault, hazardous electrical serves as the earth. preventing electric shocks surges. and equipment damage. Ground Faults Occur when a live conductor comes into contact with the earth or a grounded surface, creating an unintended path for current flow. This can be dangerous as it can lead to electric shocks or fires if the fault is not detected and isolated promptly. Ground fault protection devices, such as Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs), are commonly used to detect and break the circuit in case of a fault. Short Circuits Happen when two conductors of opposite polarity (typically a live wire and neutral wire) come into direct contact, bypassing the load and creating a path with very low resistance. This results in excessive current flow that can cause damage to the wiring, insulation, or components, and can lead to fires. Circuit breakers or fuses are designed to interrupt the current flow and protect the system from damage. Summary Grounding provides a safe path for current; ground faults occur when a live wire connects to the earth, and short circuits happen when wires of opposite polarity touch, potentially causing damage and hazards. Hand Tools, Power Tools, and Soldering Hand Tools ❑ Hand tools are manual instruments used to perform tasks without power. They are essential in various fields such as construction, electrical work, and mechanical repairs. CUTTING TOOLS: KNIVES, MEASURING TOOLS: FASTENING TOOLS: STRIKING TOOLS: EXTRACTING TOOLS: saws, and scissors. rulers, tape measures, hammers, hammers, mallets, pliers, wrenches, and these are used to cut calipers, and levels screwdrivers, and and chisels that are crowbars are through materials like help ensure accuracy pliers are commonly used for shaping or designed to pull, wood, metal, and in projects. used to assemble, driving materials. remove, or loosen plastic. tighten, or loosen materials. materials. Power Tools ❑ Use electricity, batteries, or compressed air to perform tasks that would otherwise require more manual effort. They improve efficiency and reduce physical strain. Cordless Power Tools: Electric Power Tools: Common Powered by rechargeable tools like drills, saws, grinders, batteries, these tools, such as and sanders that use electric drills, screwdrivers, and saws, power. offer more portability. Pneumatic Tools: Tools like air Gas-powered Tools: Chainsaws drills, impact wrenches, and and lawnmowers often use sanders powered by gasoline for fuel. compressed air. Soldering ❑ The process of joining two or more metal components together using a filler material called solder. ❑ It’s commonly used in electronics to connect wires and components to circuit boards. Standards ❑Standards are established guidelines, specifications, or norms that ensure safety, quality, and consistency in products and processes. ❑They are used across industries like manufacturing, construction, and electronics.  Key Standards for Electronics in the Philippines 1. Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS): ✓ The BPS is responsible for setting the national standards for electronic products in the Philippines. This includes the certification and regulation of electronic components, devices, and systems to ensure their safety, performance, and quality. ✓ BPS is also a member of international bodies like the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), meaning many Philippine standards are aligned with international norms. 2. Philippine National Standards (PNS) for Electronics: ✓ PNS 166-2014: A standard for the safety of electrical and electronic equipment in the Philippines, aligning with global practices to ensure the safe operation of consumer electronics. ✓ PNS IEC 60335: This is a set of standards spesafety of electrical appliances, ensuring products like refrigerators, washing machinescifically for the, and other consumer electronics meet safety criteria for protection against electric shock, fire, and other hazards.  Key Standards for Electronics in the Philippines 3. Philippine Electronics Industry: ✓ Is a critical part of the global supply chain, especially in the manufacturing of components for various electronic products like computers, mobile phones, and automotive electronics. ✓ ISO 9001 (Quality Management) and ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) is essential for ensuring that products meet both domestic and international market requirements. 4. Safety Standards for Electronics: PNS IEC 61010: This standard governs the safety of electrical and electronic testing equipment. It is particularly relevant for tools and instruments used in electronics and electrical engineering, ensuring their safe operation. PNS IEC 60950: This standard relates to the safety of information technology equipment, including computers, printers, and telecommunications equipment. It ensures that electronic devices do not pose electrical, mechanical, or fire hazards.  International Standards Adopted in the Philippines for Electronics IEC Standards: IEC 60364: Electrical installations in buildings—this standard is crucial for electronics installation and wiring systems to ensure safety and compliance. IEC 61508: This standard focuses on the functional safety of electrical and electronic systems, relevant in sectors like industrial automation and process control. ISO Standards: ISO 9001: Quality Management Systems—widely adopted in electronics manufacturing to ensure consistent quality in production and customer satisfaction. ISO 14001: Environmental Management Systems—ensures electronics manufacturers adhere to practices that minimize environmental impact.  Importance of Electronics Standards in the Philippines Consumer Safety: Standards ensure that electronic devices, from household appliances to personal electronics, are safe for use. Without these standards, faulty or hazardous products could cause electrical shocks, fires, or other accidents. Market Access: Compliance with both local and international standards enables Philippine electronics manufacturers to access global markets, ensuring their products meet the requirements of foreign buyers, which is crucial for export. Environmental Protection: Electronics standards related to energy efficiency and e-waste disposal help to reduce environmental impact, supporting the country’s efforts toward sustainability and responsible resource management. Innovation and Reliability: Adhering to these standards fosters innovation in the electronics sector, leading to the development of reliable and energy-efficient devices. This is vital for economic growth and technological advancement in the Philippines.  REFERENCES https://www.staticelectrics.com.au/electricians-blog/top-electrical-hazards-in-the-home/ https://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/STT205-ElectricalSafety.pdf https://www.electronicshub.org/electrical-grounding/ https://www.tuv.com/market-access-services/en/certification-filter/philippines-philippine-standard-(ps)-safety- certification-mark-licensing-scheme-for-electrical-and-electronic-products.html https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/universal-college-of-paranaque/civil-engineering/philippine-electronics- code/44559735 https://pidorigy.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/3_standards-and-guidelines.pdf https://bps.dti.gov.ph/press-releases/305-collaborative-standardization-dti-bps-promulgates-ul-standards-on- electrical-wiring-devices-as-philippine-national-standards https://www.prc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/COE- ELECTRONICS%20AND%20COMMUNICATION%20ENGINERRING%202013-01.pdf THANK YOU ☺ Prepared by: Dannilyn A. Allam Teacher II, QCSHS