ELEC111 Reviewer.pdf

ELEC111 Reviewer Characteristic and Capabilities of Computers 1. Speed - The computer can work very fast. It takes only a few seconds for calculations that we take hours to complete. A computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and even more per second...

ELEC111 Reviewer Characteristic and Capabilities of Computers 1. Speed - The computer can work very fast. It takes only a few seconds for calculations that we take hours to complete. A computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and even more per second. Examples: Transaction Processing has lessened time than before, Employees receive their payslip a lot faster via computer. 2. Accuracy - The degree of accuracy of a computer is very high and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy. Examples: Inventory processing is possible with the use of computer machine, Can solve exact math problems, The report is meaningful because it is correctly processed. 3. Diligence - A computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, fatigue, etc. It can work for hours without creating any errors. Example: Can give right information in the right time. 4. Versatility - It means the capacity to perform completely different types of work. You may use your computer to prepare payroll slips. Examples: Can process and analyze large datasets for insights in fields such as finance, healthcare, and social media, Can also open multiple of tabs in browsers. 5. Power of Remembering - A computer has the power of storing any amount of information or data. Any information can be stored and recalled as long as you require it, for any number of years. Example: Retrieving old files, Saving new files What is IT and ICT? IT- Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking, and other physical devices, infrastructure, and processes to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data. ICT- stands for Information and Communications Technology. It refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It focuses on communication technologies such as the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software, middleware, video conferencing, social networking, and other forms of media. Software and Hardware Hardware- refers to the physical components of a computer or electronic system. These are the TANGIBLE parts that you can TOUCH and interact. Examples: Mouse, Keyboard, CPU, Motherboard, RAM, HDD/SSD, Monitor etc. Software - refers to the set of instructions, programs, or data used by a computer or other electronic devices to perform specific tasks. Examples: All installable apps. Web Browsers, Photo Edting applications, Microsft Apps.  Computer History Classification of Computers 1. Manual-Mechanical Processing/Devices - are devices that are operated manually by the user. Examples: Abacus, Napier's Bone, Tally Sticks etc. 2. Electro-Mechanical Processing/Devices - refers to systems or devices that integrate both electrical (or electronic) and mechanical components to perform tasks or processes. Examples: RISO 500X, Electric Typewritters, Jacquard Loom, Pascaline, Electromechanical Relays etc. 3. Electronic Processing/Devices - refers to the use of electronic devices and systems to perform tasks that involve the manipulation, storage, and transmission of data. Examples: Inventory Processing, Point of Sale System, Airline Reservation Processing, UNIVAC I, Personal Computers, Microcontrollers, Solid-State Drives, Smart Phones etc. 4. Purely Manual Examples: Paper and Pencil, Log books, Handwritting Notes, Physical Inventory Count. Generations of Computers 1st Generation list of devices -UNIVAC I -ABC Atanasoff computer -The first general purpose machine (often refers to the ENIAC) -Mark I -EDVAC -EDSAC 2nd Generation list of devices -TRADIC computer -IBM 7070 computer -IBM 650 computer 3rd Generation list of devices -IBM System 360 computer -The old IBM computer using DOS (some versions could be considered 4th, depending on specific models) -Mini computers -Processing speed is 10,000,000 instructions per second -LARC -CDC 1604 -IBM System/360 4th Generation list of devices -Smart Tablet computer -iPhone mobile phones -The minimum processing speed is 100,000,000 instructions per second -Smart Television -Apple's M1 and M2 Chips 5th Generation list of devices -Google DeepMind -NVIDIA GPUs -Supercomputers -Amazon Web Services -IBM Watson -IBM Quantum Computers -Microsoft Azure