EASA MODULE 06 Materials and Hardware PDF

Module FOR B1 & B2 CERTIFICATION 06 MATERIALS AND HARDWARE Aviation Maintena...

Module FOR B1 & B2 CERTIFICATION 06 MATERIALS AND HARDWARE Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series - Ferrous - Non-Ferrous - Composite and Non-Metallic - Corrosion - Fasteners - Pipes and Unions - Springs www.amequestionpaper.in - Bearings - Transmissions - Control Cables - Electrical Cables and Connectors  EASA Part-66 Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series NO COST REVISION/UPDATE SUBSCRIPTION PROGRAM Complete EASA Part-66 Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series NO COST REVISION/UPDATE PROGRAM Aircraft Technical Book Company is offering a revision/update program to our customers who purchase an EASA Module from the EASA Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series. The update is good for two (2) years from time of registration of any EASA Module or EASA bundled kits. If a revision occurs within two (2) years from date of registration, we will send you the revised pages FREE of cost to the registered email. Go to the link provided at the bottom of this page and fill out the form to be included in the EASA Revision/Update Subscription Program. In an effort to provide quality customer service please let us know if your email you register with changes so we can update our records. If you have any questions about this process please send an email to: [email protected] HERE’S HOW IT WORKS 1. All EASA Module Series textbooks contain an EASA subscription page explaining the subscription update process and provide a web site link to register for the EASA Revision/Update Subscription Program. 2. Go to the link provided below and fill out the web based form with your first and last name, current email address, and school if applicable. 3. From the time of purchase, if a revision occurs to the Module you have registered for, a revised PDF file containing the pages with edits will be sent to the registered email provided. 4. Please note that we try to keep our records as current as possible. If your email address provided at time of registration changes please let us know as soon as possible so we can update your account. 5. This service is FREE of charge for two (2) years from date of registration. LINK TO REGISTER FOR REVISION/UPDATE PROGRAM http://www.actechbooks.com/easasub/m06 www.amequestionpaper.in  MODULE 06 FOR B1 & B2 CERTIFICATION MATERIALS AND HARDWARE www.amequestionpaper.in > Visit our website to download all latest EASA / DGCA CAR 66 Module examination Question papers and study material Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series 72413 U.S. Hwy 40 Tabernash, CO 80478-0270 USA www.actechbooks.com +1 970 726-5111  AVAILABLE IN Printed Edition and Electronic (eBook) Format AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION SERIES Author Tom Forenz Layout/Design Michael Amrine Copyright © 2016 — Aircraft Technical Book Company. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. To order books or for Customer Service, please call +1 970 726-5111. www.actechbooks.com Printed in the United States of America  WELCOME The publishers of this Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series welcome you to the world of aviation maintenance. As you move towards EASA certification, you are required to gain suitable knowledge and experience in your chosen area. Qualification on basic subjects for each aircraft maintenance license category or subcategory is accomplished in accordance with the following matrix. Where applicable, subjects are indicated by an "X" in the column below the license heading. For other educational tools created to prepare candidates for licensure, contact Aircraft Technical Book Company. We wish you good luck and success in your studies and in your aviation career! REVISION LOG VERSION EFFECTIVE DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE 001 2016 01 Module Creation and Release 002 2017 04 Format Update / Minor Corrections www.amequestionpaper.in > Visit our website to download all latest EASA / DGCA CAR 66 Module examination Question papers and study material  FORWARD PART-66 and the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulation (EC) No. 1321/2014, Appendix 1 to the Implementing Rules establishes the Basic Knowledge Requirements for those seeking an aircraft maintenance license. The information in this Module of the Aviation Maintenance Technical Certification Series published by the Aircraft Technical Book Company meets or exceeds the breadth and depth of knowledge subject matter referenced in Appendix 1 of the Implementing Rules. However, the order of the material presented is at the discretion of the editor in an effort to convey the required knowledge in the most sequential and comprehensible manner. Knowledge levels required for Category A1, B1, B2, and B3 aircraft maintenance licenses remain unchanged from those listed in Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge Requirements. Tables from Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge Requirements are reproduced at the beginning of each module in the series and again at the beginning of each Sub-Module. How numbers are written in this book: This book uses the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standard of writing numbers. This method displays large numbers by adding a space between each group of 3 digits. This is opposed to the American method which uses commas and the European method which uses periods. For example, the number one million is expressed as so: ICAO Standard 1 000 000 European Standard 1.000.000 American Standard 1,000,000 SI Units: The International System of Units (SI) developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) shall be used as the standard system of units of measurement for all aspects of international civil aviation air and ground operations. Prefixes: The prefixes and symbols listed in the table below shall be used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples of International System of Units (SI) units. MULTIPLICATION FACTOR PReFIx SyMbOL 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 101⁸ exa E 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 101⁵ peta P 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 = 10⁹ giga G 1 000 000 = 10⁶ mega M 1 000 = 103 kilo k 100 = 102 hecto h 10 = 101 deca da 0.1 =10-1 deci d 0.01 = 10-2 centi c 0.001 = 10-3 milli m 0.000 001 = 10-⁶ micro µ 0.000 000 001 = 10-⁹ nano n 0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 pico p 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-1⁵ femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-1⁸ atto a International System of Units (SI) Prefixes  EASA LICENSE CATEGORY CHART A1 B1.1 B1.2 B1.3 B2 Module Number and Title Airplane Airplane Airplane Helicopter Avionics Turbine Turbine Piston Turbine 1 Mathematics X X X X X 2 Physics X X X X X 3 Electrical Fundamentals X X X X X 4 Electronic Fundamentals X X X X 5 Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems X X X X X 6 Materials and Hardware X X X X X 7A Maintenance Practices X X X X X 8 Basic Aerodynamics X X X X X 9A Human Factors X X X X X 10 Aviation Legislation X X X X X 11A Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X X 11B Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X 12 Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X 13 Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X 14 Propulsion X 15 Gas Turbine Engine X X X 16 Piston Engine X 17A Propeller X X X MODULE 06 SYLLABUS AS OUTLINED IN PART-66, APPENDIX 1. LEVELS CERTIFICATION CATEGORY ¦ B1 B2 Sub-Module 01 - Aircraft Materials — Ferrous (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft; 2 1 Heat treatment and application of alloy steels. (b) Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and 1 1 impact resistance. Sub-Module 02 - Aircraft Materials — Non-Ferrous (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in 2 1 aircraft; Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials; (b) Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and 1 1 impact resistance. Sub-Module 03 - Aircraft Materials — Composite and Non-Metallic 6.3.1 - Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic 2 2 materials, other than wood, used in aircraft; Sealant and bonding agents; Module 06 - Materials and Hardware v  LEVELS CERTIFICATION CATEGORY ¦ B1 B2 (b) The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material; 2 - Repair of composite and non-metallic material. 6.3.2 - Wooden Structure Construction methods of wooden airframe structures; 2 - Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes; Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure; Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures; The detection of defects in wooden structure; Repair of wooden structure. 6.3.3 - Fabric Covering Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes; 2 - Inspections methods for fabric; Types of defects in fabric; Repair of fabric covering. Sub-Module 04 - Corrosion (a) Chemical fundamentals; 2 1 Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress; (b) Types of corrosion and their identification; 3 2 Causes of corrosion; Material types, susceptibility to corrosion. Sub-Module 05 - Fasteners 6.5.1 - Screw Threads Screw nomenclature; 2 2 Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard threads used in aircraft; Measuring screw threads. 6.5.2 - Bolts, Studs and Screws Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards; 2 2 Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types; Machine screws: aircraft specifications; Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal; Self tapping screws, dowels. 6.5.3 - Locking Devices Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release 2 2 fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins. 6.5.4 - Aircraft Rivets Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification, heat treatment. 2 1 vi Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  LEVELS CERTIFICATION CATEGORY ¦ B1 B2 Sub-Module 06 - Pipes and Unions (a) Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors 2 2 used in aircraft; (b) Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes. 2 1 Sub-Module 07 - Springs Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. 2 1 Sub-Module 08 - Bearings Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; 2 2 Types of bearings and their application. Sub-Module 09 - Transmissions Gear types and their application; 2 2 Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns; Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets. Sub-Module 10 - Control Cables Types of cables; 2 1 End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices; Pulleys and cable system components; Bowden cables; Aircraft flexible control systems. Sub-Module 11 - Electrical Cables and Connectors Cable types, construction and characteristics; 2 2 High tension and co-axial cables; Crimping; Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes. Module 06 - Materials and Hardware vii viii Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  CONTENTS MATERIALS AND HARDWARE Carburizing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16 Welcome‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iii Nitriding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17 Revision Log‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iii Forging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17 Forward‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iv Casting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17 Contents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ix Extruding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.18 Cold Working/Hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.18 SUB-MODULE 01 Hardness Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.19 FERROUS Brinell Tester‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.19 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.1 Rockwell Tester‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.19 Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Other Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.21 Properties Of Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Tensile Strength Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.21 Hardness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Fatigue Strength Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.21 Strength‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Impact Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.22 Density‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.23 Malleability‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.24 Ductility‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Elasticity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 SUB-MODULE 02 Toughness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 AIRCRAFT MATERIALS — NON-FERROUS Brittleness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.1 Fusibility‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Conductivity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Properties of Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Thermal Expansion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Hardness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Ferrous Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Strength‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Iron‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Density‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Steel And Steel Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Malleability‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Types, Characteristics, And Uses Of Alloyed Steels‥ 1.5 Ductility‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Electrochemical Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.6 Elasticity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Substitution of Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Toughness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2 Metal working Processes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Brittleness‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3 Hot Working‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Fusibility‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3 Heat Treating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Thermal Expansion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3 Internal Structure Of Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Non-Ferrous Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3 Heat-Treating Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Aluminum And Aluminum Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3 Furnaces and Salt Baths‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.10 Wrought Aluminum‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.4 Temperature Measurement and Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.10 Effect of Alloying Element‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.6 Heating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.11 Hardness Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.6 Soaking‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.12 Magnesium And Magnesium Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.6 Cooling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.12 Titanium and Titanium Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.7 Quenching Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Titanium Designations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8 Heat Treatment of Ferrous Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Corrosion Characteristics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8 Behavior of Steel During Heating and Cooling‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Copper and Copper Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.9 Hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Nickel and Nickel Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.9 Hardening Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.15 Monel‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Tempering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.15 Inconel‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Annealing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16 Substitution of Aircraft Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Normalizing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16 Heat Treatment of Non-ferrous Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.11 Case hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16 Aluminum Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.11 Module 06 - Materials and Hardware ix  CONTENTS Alclad Aluminum‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.11 Natural Rubber‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.5 Solution Heat Treatment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Synthetic Rubber‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.5 Temperature‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Sealing Compounds‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Time at Temperature‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 One-Part Sealants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Quenching‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Two Part Sealants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Cold Water Quenching‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Advanced Composite Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8 Hot Water Quenching‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Laminated Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8 Spray Quenching‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Major Components of A Laminate‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8 Lag Between Soaking and Quenching‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.13 Strength Characteristics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8 Reheat Treatment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.13 Fiber Orientation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8 Straightening After Solution Heat Treatment‥‥‥‥‥ 2.13 Warp Clock‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.9 Precipitation Heat Treating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.13 Fiber Forms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.10 Precipitation Practices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.14 Roving‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.10 Annealing of Aluminum Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.14 Unidirectional (Tape)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.10 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.15 Bidirectional (Fabric)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.10 Heat Treatment of Magnesium Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.15 Nonwoven (Knitted or Stitched)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.11 Solution Heat Treatment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.15 Types Of Fiber‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12 Precipitation Heat Treatment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Fiberglass‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12 Heat Treatment of Titanium‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Kevlar® ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12 Stress Relieving‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Carbon/Graphite‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12 Full Annealing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Boron‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12 Thermal Hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Ceramic Fibers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Case hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Lightning Protection Fibers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Hardness Testing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.17 Matrix Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Brinell Tester‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.17 Thermosetting Resins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Rockwell Tester‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.17 Polyester Resins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Barcol Tester‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 Vinyl Ester Resin‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13 Casting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.19 Phenolic Resin‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 Extruding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.19 Epoxy‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 Cold Working/Hardening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.19 Polybenzimidazoles (PBI)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.21 Bismaleimides (BMI)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.22 Thermoplastic Resins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 Semicrystalline Thermoplastics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.14 SUB-MODULE 03 Amorphous Thermoplastics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.15 AIRCRAFT MATERIALS — COMPOSITE AND Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.15 NON-METALLIC Curing Stages of Resins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.15 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.1 Pre-Impregnated Products (Prepregs)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.15 Non-Metallic Aircraft Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 Dry Fiber Material‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16 Wood‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 Thixotropic Agents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16 Plastics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 Adhesives‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16 Transparent Plastics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 Film Adhesives‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16 Composite Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Paste Adhesives‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16 Advantages/Disadvantages of Composites‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Foaming Adhesives‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.17 Composite Safety‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Sandwich Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18 Laminated Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.4 Properties‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18 Reinforced Plastic‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.4 Facing Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18 Rubber‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.5 Core Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18 x Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  CONTENTS Honeycomb‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18 Heat Press Forming‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.33 Foam‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19 Thermocouples‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.33 Balsa Wood‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20 Thermocouple Placement‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.33 Manufacturing Defects‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20 Thermal Survey of Repair Area‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 Fiber Breakage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Temperature Variations in Repair Zone‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 Matrix Imperfections‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Thermal Survey‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 Delamination and Debonds‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Solutions to Heat Sink Problems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 Combinations of Damages‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Types of Layups‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 Flawed Fastener Holes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Wet Layups‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.34 In-Service Defects‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21 Prepregs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.35 Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.23 Co-Curing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.36 Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) of Composites‥‥‥ 3.23 Co-Bonding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.37 Visual Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.23 Wet Laminated Layup Techniques‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.37 Audible Sonic Testing (Coin Tapping)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.23 Bleedout Technique‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.37 Automated Tap Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.24 No Bleedout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.38 Ultrasonic Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.24 Ply Orientation Warp Clock‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.38 Through Transmission Ultrasonic Inspection‥‥‥ 3.25 Mixing Resins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.39 Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.25 Saturation Techniques‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.39 Ultrasonic Bond Tester Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.26 Fabric Impregnation With a Brush or Squeegee‥‥‥‥ 3.39 Phased Array Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.26 Fabric Impregnation Using a Vacuum Bag‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.39 Radiography‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.26 Vacuum Bagging Techniques‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.40 Thermography‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.26 Envelope Bagging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Neutron Radiography‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.27 Alternate Pressure Application‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Moisture Detector‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.27 Shrink Tape‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Composite Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 C-Clamps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Layup Materials and tools‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 Shotbags and Weights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Air Tools‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 Curing of Composite Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Caul Plate‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 Room Temperature Curing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.41 Support Tooling and Molds‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 Elevated Temperature Curing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.42 Vacuum Bag Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.28 Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.42 Release Agents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Damage Classification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.42 Bleeder Ply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Minor Core Damage (Filler and Potting Repairs)‥‥ 3.42 Peel Ply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Damage Requiring Core Replacement and Repair Layup Tapes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 to One or Both Face Plates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.43 Perforated Release Film‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Solid Laminates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.48 Solid Release Film‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Bonded Flush Patch Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.48 Breather Material‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Trailing Edge and Transition Area Patch Repairs ‥ 3.50 Vacuum Bag‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.29 Resin Injection Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.50 Vacuum Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.30 Composite Patch Bonded to Aluminum Structure‥ 3.50 Vacuum Compaction Table‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.30 Fiberglass Molded Mat Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.51 Heat Sources‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.31 Radome Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.51 Oven‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.31 External Bonded Patch Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.51 Autoclave‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.31 External Bonded Repair With Prepreg Plies‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.52 Heat Bonder and Heat Lamps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.32 External Repair Using Wet Layup And Double Heat Bonder‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.32 Vacuum Debulk Method (DVD)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.52 Heat Blanket‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.32 Double Vacuum Debulk Principle‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.52 Hot Air System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.32 Patch Installation on the Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.53 Module 06 - Materials and Hardware xi  CONTENTS External Repair Using Precured Laminate Patches‥ 3.53 Application of Cement‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.68 Bonded versus Bolted Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.54 Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.69 Bolted Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.55 Cleaning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.69 Fasteners Used with Composite Laminates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 Polishing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.70 Corrosion Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 Windshield Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.70 Fastener Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 Installation Procedures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.70 Fastener System For Sandwich Honeycomb Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.71 Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 Wood Aircraft Construction and Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.71 Adjustable Sustain Preload Fastening Inspection of Wood Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.72 System (ASP)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 External and Internal Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.72 Hi-Lok® and Huck-Spin® Lockbolt Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.57 Glued Joint Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.73 Eddie-Bolt® Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.58 Wood Condition‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.74 Cherry's E-Z Buck® (CSR90433) Hollow Rivet‥‥‥‥ 3.58 Repair of Wood Aircraft Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.76 Blind Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.59 Suitable Wood‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.77 Blind Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.59 Defects Permitted‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.77 Fiberlite‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.60 Defects Not Permitted‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.78 Screws and Nutplates in Composite Structures‥‥‥‥ 3.60 Glues (Adhesives)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.79 Machining Processes and Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.62 Definition of Terms Used in the Glue Process‥‥‥‥‥ 3.80 Drilling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.62 Preparation of Wood for Gluing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.80 Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.62 Preparing Glues for Use‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.81 Processes and Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.62 Applying the Glue/Adhesive‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.81 Countersinking‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.63 Pressure on the Joint‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.81 Cutting Processes and Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.64 Testing Glued Joints‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.82 Cutting Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.64 Repair of Wood Aircraft Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.83 Repair Safety‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Wing Rib Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.83 Eye Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Wing Spar Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.86 Respiratory Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Bolt and Bushing Holes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.89 Downdraft Tables‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Plywood Skin Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.89 Skin Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Fabric patch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.89 Fire Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.65 Splayed Patch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.90 Transparent Plastics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.66 Surface Patch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.90 Optical Considerations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.66 Plug Patch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.92 Storage and Handling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.66 Scarf Patch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.92 Forming Procedures and Techniques‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.66 The Back Of The Skin Is Accessible For Repair‥‥‥‥ 3.94 Heating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.66 The Back Of The Skin Is Not Accessible For Repair‥ 3.94 Forms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Finishing Wood Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.96 Forming Methods‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Acceptable Finishes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.97 Simple Curve Forming‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.97 Compound Curve Forming‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Finishing Of Interior Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.97 Stretch Forming‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Finishing Of Exterior Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.97 Male and Female Die Forming‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Finishing Of End Grain Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Vacuum Forming Without Forms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Finishing With Fabric Or Tape‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Vacuum Forming With a Female Form‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.67 Sealing Of Bolt Holes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Sawing and Drilling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.68 Aircraft Fabric Coverings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Sawing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.68 Applicability Notice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Drilling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.68 General History‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.98 Cementing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.68 Legal Aspects of Fabric Covering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.100 xii Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  CONTENTS Fabric Terms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.101 SUB-MODULE 04 Approved Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.101 CORROSION Fabric‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.101 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.1 Other Fabric Covering Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 Introduction To Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.2 Anti-Chafe Tape‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.2 Reinforcing Tape‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 Common Corrosion Agents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.3 Rib Bracing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 Micro Organisms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4 Surface Tape‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 Corrosion Types‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4 Rib Lacing Cord‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.102 General Surface Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4 Sewing Thread‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.103 Pitting Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.5 Special Fabric Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.103 Concentration Cell Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.5 Grommets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.103 Active-Passive Cells‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6 Inspection Rings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.104 Filiform Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6 Primer‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.104 Intergranular Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Fabric Cement‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.105 Exfoliation Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Fabric Sealer‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.105 Galvanic Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Fillers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.105 Stress Corrosion Cracking‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Topcoats‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.106 Fatigue Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.8 Available Covering Processes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.106 Fretting Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.8 Determining Fabric Condition—Repair Or Recover?‥ 3.107 Material Types And Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.9 Fabric Strength‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.107 Aluminum And Aluminum Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.9 How Fabric Breaking Strength is Determined‥‥‥‥‥ 3.108 Magnesium And Magnesium Alloys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.9 Fabric Testing Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.109 Ferrous Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.9 General Fabric Covering Process‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.110 Noble Metals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.10 Blanket Method Versus Envelope Method‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.110 Chromium And Nickel-Plated Parts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.10 Preparation for Fabric Covering Work‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.111 Cadmium And Zinc-Plated Parts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.10 Removal of Old Fabric Coverings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.112 Water And Corrosion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.10 Preparation of the Airframe Before Covering‥‥‥ 3.113 Corrosion Prone Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.10 Attaching Polyester Fabric to the Airframe‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.113 Battery Compartments And Battery Vent Openings‥ 4.11 Seams‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.114 Lavatories, Buffets, And Galleys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.11 Fabric Cement‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.114 Bilge Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.11 Fabric Heat Shrinking‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.115 External Skin Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.13 Attaching Fabric to the Wing Ribs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.116 Water Entrapment Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.15 Rib Lacing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.117 Engine Frontal Areas And Cooling Air Vents‥‥‥‥‥ 4.15 Rings, Grommets, and Gussets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.119 Electronic Package Compartments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.16 Finishing Tapes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.120 Miscellaneous Trouble Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.17 Coating the Fabric‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.121 Factors In Corrosion Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.19 Polyester Fabric Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.122 Preventative Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.21 Applicable Instructions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.122 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.23 Repair Considerations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.122 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.24 Cotton-Covered Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.123 Fiberglass Coverings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.123 SUB-MODULE 05 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.125 FASTENERS Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.126 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.1 Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.2 Screw Threads‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.2 Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Module 06 - Materials and Hardware xiii  CONTENTS Threaded Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Pins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.20 Bolts, Studs And Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Cotter Pins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.20 Classification of Threads‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Cotter Pin Safetying‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.20 Aircraft Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.4 Roll Pins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.20 Identification and Coding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.4 General Safety Wiring Rules‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.21 General Purpose Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.4 Oil Caps, Drain Cocks, and Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.22 Close Tolerance Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.5 Electrical Connectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.22 Internal Wrenching Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.5 Turnbuckles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.22 Special-Purpose Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.6 Captive Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.23 Clevis Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.6 Turnlock Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.23 Eyebolt‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.6 Dzus Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.25 Jo-Bolt‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.6 Airloc Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.26 Lockbolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.6 Keys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.27 Aircraft Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.8 Snap rings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.27 Identification and Coding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.8 Aircraft Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.27 Non-Self-Locking Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.9 Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.27 Self-Locking Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.10 Standards and Specifications‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.30 Boots Self-Locking Nut‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.10 Solid Shank Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.30 Stainless Steel Self-Locking Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.11 Heat Treating Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.31 Elastic Stop Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.11 Blind Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.32 Anchor Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.12 Mechanically Expanded Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.32 Pal Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.12 Self-Plugging Rivets (friction lock)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.32 Sheet Spring Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.12 Pull-Thru Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.33 Internal and External Wrenching Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.13 Self-Plugging Rivets (Mechanical Lock)‥‥‥‥ 5.34 Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.13 Wiredraw Cherrylock Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.35 Identification and Coding for Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.13 Huck Mechanical Locked Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.35 Structural Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.14 Material‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.35 Machine Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.14 Head Styles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.36 Self-Tapping Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.14 Diameters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.36 Drive Screws‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.14 Grip Length‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.36 Studs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.15 Rivet Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.36 Standard Studs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.15 Special Shear And Bearing Load Fasteners‥‥‥‥‥ 5.38 Waisted Studs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.15 Pin Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.38 Stepped Studs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.15 Taper-Lok‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.38 Shouldered Studs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.16 Hi-Tigue‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.38 Dowels‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.16 Dill Lok-Skrus and Dill Lok-Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.40 Locking Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.16 Deutsch Rivets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.40 Aircraft Washers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.16 Installation of Nuts, Washers, and Bolts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.41 Plain Washers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.16 Bolt and Hole Sizes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.41 Lockwashers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.17 Installation Practices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.41 Shakeproof Lockwashers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.17 Safetying of Bolts and Nuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.41 Special Washers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.17 Repair of Damaged Internal Threads‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.41 Nutplates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.17 Helicoils‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.42 Sealing Nutplates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.18 Fastener Torque‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.42 Riveted and Rivetless Nutplates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.18 Torque and Torque Wrenches‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.42 Rivnuts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.18 Cotter Pin Hole Line Up‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.44 Lock Plates‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.20 Hole Repair and Hole Repair Hardware‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.44 xiv Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  CONTENTS Acres Fastener Sleeves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.44 Spring Characteristics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.4 Advantages and Limitations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.46 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.7 Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.46 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.8 Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.46 Sleeve Removal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.46 SUB-MODULE 08 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.49 BEARINGS Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.50 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.1 Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.2 SUB-MODULE 06 Plain Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.2 PIPES AND UNIONS Ball Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.3 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.1 Roller Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.3 Pipes And Unions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.5 Rigid Fluid Lines‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.6 Tubing Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Copper Tubing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 SUB-MODULE 09 Aluminum Alloy Tubing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 TRANSMISSIONS Steel Tubing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.1 Titanium Tubing 3AL-2.5V‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Transmissions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.2 Material Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 The Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.2 Fluid Line End Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2 Propeller Reduction Gearing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Universal Bulkhead Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.3 Gear Terms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 AN Flared Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.3 Backlash (or lash)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Flareless Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.4 Idler Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Swaged Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.7 Intermediate Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Cryofit™ Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.7 Compound Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Flexible Hose Fluid Lines‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.8 Pinion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Hose Materials And Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.8 Lay-shaft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Teflon™‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.9 Rack and Pinion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Low, Medium, And High Pressure Hoses‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.9 Step-Up Drive‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Hose Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.9 Step-Down Drive‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Hose Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.10 Gear Lash and Pattern‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.6 Fluid Line Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.10 Chains and Sprockets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.8 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.13 Belts and Pulleys‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.8 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.11 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.12 SUB-MODULE 07 SPRINGS SUB-MODULE 10 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.1 CONTROL CABLES Types Of Springs And Applications‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.1 Flat Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Control Cables and Terminals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.2 Leaf Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Cable Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.2 Spiral Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Cable Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.2 Helical Compression And Tension Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Cable System Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3 Helical Torsion Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Cable Guides‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3 Belleville (Cone Disc) Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.3 Travel Adjustment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4 Torsion Bar Springs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.3 Cable Tension‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4 Spring Dimensions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.4 Tension Regulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5 Module 06 - Materials and Hardware xv  CONTENTS Turnbuckles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5 Wire Shielding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 Cable Connectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5 Bonding and Grounding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.22 Spring-Back‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5 Grounding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.22 Push Rods (Control Rods)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.6 Bonding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.23 Torque Tubes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.7 Testing of Bonds and Grounds‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.24 Cable Drums‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.7 Bonding Jumper Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.24 Bowden Cable‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.7 Lacing and Tying Wire Bundles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.24 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.9 Tying‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.26 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.10 Wire Termination‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.27 Stripping Wire‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.27 SUB-MODULE 11 Terminal Strips‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.28 ELECTRICAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS Terminal Lugs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.28 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.1 Copper Wire Terminals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.29 Wire Types‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.2 Aluminum Wire Terminals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.29 Conductors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.2 Pre-Insulated Splices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.29 Insulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.3 Crimping Tools‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.29 Wire Shielding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4 Emergency Splicing Repairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.29 Wire Substitutions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4 Junction Boxes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.30 Severe Wind and Moisture‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4 AN/MS Connectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.30 Problem (SWAMP)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4 Types of Connector‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Wire Size Selection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4 Voltage and Current Rating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Current Carrying Capacity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6 Spare Contacts for Future Wiring‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Maximum Operating Temperature‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6 Wire Installation Into the Connector‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.32 Computing Current Carrying Capacity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9 Adjacent Locations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Allowable Voltage Drop‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.11 Sealing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Electric Wire Chart Instructions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.12 Drainage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Wire Identification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.13 Wire Support‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Placement of Identification Markings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.13 Coaxial Cable‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Types of Wire Markings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.13 Wire Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.34 Wire Installation and Routing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.35 Open Wiring‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.36 Wire Groups and Bundles and Routing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14 Slack in Wire Bundles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.15 Acronym Index‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ A.1 Twisting Wires‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16 Index‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ I.1 Spliced Connections‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16 In Wire Bundles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16 Bend Radii‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16 Protection Against Chafing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.17 Protection Against High Temperature‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.17 Protection Against Solvents and Fluids‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.17 Protection of Wires in Wheel Well Areas‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.18 Clamp Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.18 Wire and Cable Clamp Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.19 Movable Controls Wiring Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.20 Conduit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 Rigid Conduit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 Flexible Conduit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 xvi Module 06 - Materials and Hardware  FERROUS PART-66 SYLLABUS LEVELS CERTIFICATION CATEGORY ¦ B1 B2 Sub-Module 01 FERROUS Knowledge Requirements 6.1 - Ferrous 2 1 (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft; Heat treatment and application of alloy steels. (b) Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance. 1 1 Level 1 Level 2 A familiarization with the principal elements of the subject. A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge. Objectives: (a) The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the Objectives: subject. (a) The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical (b) The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the fundamentals of the subject. whole subject, using common words and examples. (b) The applicant should be able to give a general description of the (c) The applicant should be able to use typical terms. subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (c) The applicant should be able to use mathematical formula in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (d) The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. www.amequestionpaper.in > Visit our website to download all latest EASA / DGCA CAR 66 Module examination Question papers and study material Module 06 - Materials and Hardware 1.1 AIRCRAFT METALS Knowledge and understanding of the uses, strengths, loss of both lives and equipment. The use of unsuitable limitations, and other characteristics of structural metals materials can readily