Earth Science Reviewer - Sample Questions (2nd Quarter, Grade 11 - Lim-Sylianco) PDF

EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES STRICTLY FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY OF SECTION CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO. DO NOT SHARE AND REUPLOAD. DISCLAIMER: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE OBTAINED FROM THE GRADE 11 EARTH SCIENCE...

EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES STRICTLY FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY OF SECTION CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO. DO NOT SHARE AND REUPLOAD. DISCLAIMER: THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE OBTAINED FROM THE GRADE 11 EARTH SCIENCE MODULES. LINK OF GRADE 11 EARTH SCIENCE PRESENTATIONS — Second Quarter LINK OF GRADE 11 EARTH SCIENCE MODULES — Earth Science | SHS Modules 01 WEATHERING ASSESSMENT 1. Which of these statements are TRUE about mechanical weathering? I. breaks rock material into smaller pieces II. changes the chemical composition of rocks III. moss growing on the wall fence creates crack on the walls IV. beach rock gets hot in daytime and cools in the evening thus creating fracture on the rock a. I and II b. I and III c. I and IV d. II and III 2. Which of the following activities has resulted in an increased rate of chemical weathering through acidification? a. The growth of plant roots on the rock crack. b. The disintegration of rocks during construction and mining c. The release of too much carbon dioxide in the air that turn rain into weak acid d. The production of SO2 and NO in the atmosphere that combine with rain to form acids 3. Which is NOT included in the group? a. abrasion b. acidification c. carbonation d. hydration 4. In which of the following climates will chemical weathering be most rapid? a. hot and dry b. cold and dry c. hot and humid d. cold and humid 5. Which of the following DO NOT describe weathering? I. The process by which rocks are broken during severe weather II. The process by which rocks are formed by heat and pressure III. The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down IV. The process by which rocks are chemically strengthened due to exposure to heat and pressure a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, III and IV d. II, III and IV 6. How does gravity contribute to weathering? a. by expansion of rocks b. by abrasion of the rocks c. by creating holes in rocks d. by splitting rocks particles 7. Which of the following is an example of biological weathering? a. Freeze- thaw b. Wind blowing sand onto a rock c. Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 1  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks 8. What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported by a river? a. smaller and more jagged b. gets larger and more jagged c. much larger and rounder d. they get smaller and rounder 9. In hydration, water is an active agent of chemical weathering. What happens when water loosely combines with the minerals of the rock? a. cements minerals of the rock together b. converts the mineral into another kind c. transports the rock into a lower altitude d. breaks down the molecular binding of the minerals 10. Which type of rocks tends to weather more rapidly through the hydrolysis process? a. Rocks that contain iron. b. Rocks that contain quartz. c. Rocks that contain feldspar. d. Rocks that are impermeable. 11. Which is an example of oxidation? a. Some of the minerals get dissolved in water. b. Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time. c. The joints enlarge in size and lime is removed in the solution. d. Due to the absorption of water by rocks, its volume increases. 12. What are the two things that affect the rate of weathering? a. rain and ice b. time and date c. type of rock and climate d. size of rock and time of the year 13. Which of the following best describes chemical weathering? a. The process by which rocks are broken down by physical forces b. The process by which rocks are broken down by chemical means c. The process by which rocks are broken down by anthropogenic activities d. all of these 14. Weak organic acids are produced by the action of the growing root of lichens. These acids react with some minerals in rocks resulting in the decomposition of rocks. How will you classify this process? a. Physical weathering b. Chemical weathering c. Biological weathering through physical means d. Biological weathering through chemical compounds 15. Which of the following conditions promotes slow chemical weathering? a. fracturing b. thick soil c. high rainfall d. cold temperatures 02 EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES ASSESSMENT 1. What happens to the temperature as you move from the surface of Earth to its inner most layer? a. The temperature decreases as the amount of heat increases. b. The temperature fluctuates from the crust done to the core. c. The temperature increases from the crust down to the core. MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 2  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. The temperature stays the same in all the layers. 2. As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the density of the materials of each layer? a. Density of materials decreases due to its composition. b. Density of materials may increase but will decrease from time to time. c. Density of materials remains the same in all the layers. d. Density of the materials increases from the crust to the core. 3. What prevents the iron and other minimal amount of some elements in the core from melting? a. Density b. Pressure c. Temperature d. Vapor 4. How do naturally occurring isotopes play a vital role in the production of earth’s internal heat? a. Due to chemical stability b. Due to its abundance and emission of heat when it decays. c. Due to its high energy capacity d. Due to the heat it releases as it is subjected to low temperature. 5. Heat flows from the different layers to the earth. What type of heat transport occurs between the mantle and the core? a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. Sublimation 6. Which of the following is an isotope that is present in the core of the earth which contributes to immense heat in its interior? a. Uranium – 235 b. Uranium – 253 c. Uranium – 523 d. Uranium – 325 7. Which of the following terms pertains to the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus which results to the release of energy and matter from the nucleus? a. Convection b. Gravitational pressure c. Radiation d. Radioactive decay 8. What happens to the amount of pressure as you move from the outermost layer of Earth to its inner most layer? a. The amount of pressure decreases from the outermost layer to the innermost layer. b. The amount of pressure increases from the crust down to the core. c. The amount of pressure remains the same. d. The pressure will increase then decrease from each layer. 9. Why do you think Earth is considered as a thermal engine? a. As a natural satellite the moon gives thermal energy to earth. b. Decay of isotopes contributes to the internal heat of the earth. c. The energy coming from the sun gives heat tremendous heat on the surface. d. Too much pressure on the crust causes materials to be molted which gives large amount of heat. 10. Why does Earth’s internal heat builds up due to gravitational pressure? a. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s surface is greater than the heat generated. b. Heat cannot escape from the interior of the earth since it is a closed system. c. The amount of heat that can be generated on the earth’s interior is tremendous while lesser amount can escape on the surface. MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 3  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. The amount of heat that can be released on the surface is greater. 11. How did the Earth generate heat on its early stage of formation? a. Due gravitational pressure at the center of the planet. b. Due to radioactive decay of some isotopes. c. Due to the collision of huge amount of gas and dust particles. d. Through absorption of energy from planetisimals. 12. Which of the following sentences about the internal heat of the earth iS INCORRECT? a. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the density of the materials increases, thus, the temperature increases. b. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the pressure increases, thus, the temperature increases. c. Due to radioactive decay in the center of the Earth, the planet is cooling off. d. There are remains of primordial heat of the Earth. 13. The heat that flows from the inner most layer makes materials move in the different layers of the Earth. Which of the following best describe the given sentence? a. It cannot be determined due to the composition of Earth. b. The given statement conveys correct information. c. The given statement conveys incorrect information. d. The information is dependent on the given layer of the Earth. 14. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal heat? a. As gravitational pressure is applied to isotopes, it condenses then emits heat. b. High amount of pressure freezes the isotopes. c. Isotopes preserves the primordial heat of the earth. d. Radioactive isotopes releases heat upon undergoing spontaneous radioactive decay. 15. Which of the following is the main source of Earth’s internal heat? a. Decay of radioactive elements in the core of the earth. b. Dense materials in the core of the Earth. c. Gravitational pressure acting on the materials of the internal layers. d. Primordial heat from the beginning of the earth. 03 ENDOGENIC PROCESSES: PLUTONISM AND VOLCANISM ASSESSMENT 1. How does decompression melting occurs? a. It occurs when the temperature is constant but the pressure increases. b. It occurs when the temperature is constant but the pressure decreases. c. It occurs when the temperature decreases directly proportional to pressure. d. It occurs when the temperature increases inversely proportional to pressure. 2. How is magma formed? a. Magma is formed through movement of rocks and minerals. b. Magma is formed under the earth’s mantle through solar radiation. c. Magma is formed through heating and cooling of materials on the earth’s surface. d. Magma is formed under certain circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle of the Earth. 3. What happens after magma is formed? I. Magma escapes by intrusion. II. Magma escapes by extrusion. III. Magma escapes to the bodies of water. IV. Magma escapes through a magma chamber. a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 4  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. I, III and IV d. II, III and IV 4. Which of the following statements is correct? a. High viscous magma means higher temperature, more silica content, and less violent eruption. b. High viscous magma means higher temperature, less silica content, and more violent eruption. c. High viscous magma means lower temperature, less silica content, and less violent eruption. d. High viscous magma means lower temperature, more silica content, and more violent eruption. 5. Which set of elements are all present in magma? a. Silicon, Lithium, Iron, Manganese b. Oxygen, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum c. Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Aluminum d. Iron, Calcium, Silicon, Lithium 6. What is the tendency of a magma with high silica content? a. It tends to be hotter. b. It tends to be less viscous. c. It tends to be more viscous. d. It tends to be less explosive. 7. Which of the following statements describe volcanism? I. A geological phenomena that occurs on the surface of the earth II. The motion takes place inside cracks that infiltrate the upper mantle III. The process where magma infiltrates the crust but fails to make it to the surface IV. A process correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material towards the surface a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, III and IV d. II, III and IV 8. To which activity can you compare partial melting of mantle rocks? a. Butter and chocolate bars are heated together until they both melted. b. Chocolate bars with almond and pistachio nuts are heated until all the chocolates melted while the nuts remained solid. c. Vanilla ice cream was left to melt on the table. d. Ice cubes disappeared in a pitcher of orange juice. 9. Which of the following statements do not describe plutonism? I. A geological phenomena that occurs on the surface of the earth II. A motion that takes place inside cracks that infiltrate the upper mantle III. A process where magma infiltrates the crust but fails to make it to the surface IV. A process correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material towards the surface a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, III and IV d. II, III and IV 10. At what temperature will magma turn entirely to liquid? a. More than 2000 degrees Celsius b. Between 1000 and 1200 degrees Celsius c. Between 800 to 1000 degrees Celsius d. More than 1300 degrees Celsius 11. Which condition will initiate the combination of silicon and oxygen to form silica tetrahedra that link together to make chains or to polymerize? a. Magma rapidly moving upward towards the Earth's surface while its temperature remains constant. b. Magma rapidly moving upward towards the Earth's surface thus increasing its temperature. MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 5  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. Magma slowly moving upward towards the Earth's surface thus increasing its temperature. d. Magma slowly moving upward towards the Earth's surface thus decreasing its temperature. 12. What happened during flux melting? a. Rock’s melting point is reduced when mixed with some oxygen or carbon dioxide. b. Rock’s melting point is increased when mixed with some water or carbon dioxide. c. Rock’s melting point is reduced when mixed with some water or carbon dioxide. d. Rock’s melting point is increased when mixed with some oxygen or carbon dioxide. 13. What temperature and pressure conditions allow magma to form? I. low pressure and low temperature II. high pressure and low temperature III. low pressure and high temperature a. I only b. I and II c. III only d. II and III 14. Why does partial melting of rocks on mantle occur? a. Because rocks composition has different melting points. b. Because rocks are made of metals. c. Because rocks are made up of silicates. d. Because rocks are pure materials. 15. Which of the following factors affect the melting of rocks? a. temperature and pressure b. pressure and mineral components of a rock c. temperature and mineral components of a rock d. temperature, pressure and minerals components of a rock 04 METAMORPHISM ASSESSMENT 1. Which of the following statements about the metamorphism of shale is FALSE? a. Foliation develops as metamorphism increases. b. The amount of water decreases as metamorphism increases. c. The clay minerals break down to form micas as metamorphism increases. d. The size of the minerals gets smaller as metamorphism increases. 2. Which of the following has the CORRECT set of major agents in metamorphism? a. temperature and pressure b. pressure and tectonic forces c. temperature and mineral fluids d. hydrothermal fluids and pressure 3. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the major role of pressure in producing metamorphic rocks? a. Pressure leads to foliation in the rock. b. Pressure decreases the size of mineral crystals. c. Pressure leads to a mineralogical change in the rock. d. Pressure facilitates change in the mineral composition of the rock. 4. What type of metamorphic rock will form if a mudrock experiences high-grade metamorphism? a. Gneiss b. Phyllite c. Schist d. Slate 5. Granite is an igneous rock that is formed through the slow solidification of magma. Accordingly, it does not change very much at lower metamorphic grades. Why is this so? MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 6  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES a. Granite minerals are still stable at lower temperatures. b. Granite, like any other igneous rock, is geologically impossible to become a parent rock of metamorphic rock. c. Granite remains largely unchanged at lower metamorphic grades because its surrounding environment is constantly stable. d. All of the above. 6. What process contributes to the metamorphism of oceanic crust at a spreading ridge? a. Dissolved minerals in the confined water within the rocks react with heat and trigger chemical reactions. b. The heat coming out from hydrothermal vents under the ocean heats up the rock and forms recrystallization of the original mineral content of the rock. c. Minerals present in the ocean water percolate through the rocks and get deposited within while replacing other minerals. d. Interaction of plates below the spreading oceanic crust creates horizontal movements and deforms the rocks within leading to formations of foliations and cracks. 7. While walking, Daniel picked up a rock that had been washed up onto the beach. Noticing that it has wavy bands of light and dark-colored minerals, he claimed that the rock is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following inferences about its formation is the MOST CORRECT? a. The pressure was the main agent in rock’s formation which aligned the minerals into a new orientation. b. The rock was formed through high-pressure metamorphism made by the impact of a large body into the Earth’s surface. c. The minerals in the rocks were altered through recrystallization changing their size into large crystals. d. The bands in the rock were formed through the deposition of minerals from the hot fluids that surround it during the formation process. 8. Which of the following is the cause of high temperature and pressure in regional metamorphism? a. impact force b. greater depth of burial c. the local intrusive heat source d. increased rate of radioactive decay 9. Which of the following metamorphic rocks CANNOT form from a shale? a. Hornfels b. Marble c. schist d. slate 10. On a local field trip, a group of students noticed that they were walking across a path made of rocks that starts from shale into a slate and into a phyllite. What can you infer from the direction taken by the students concerning the grades of metamorphic rocks? a. It follows a decreasing metamorphic grade. b. It indicates an increasing metamorphic grade. c. It indicates an increasing degree of contact metamorphism. d. It shows a decreasing degree of regional metamorphism. 11. In which geographic area will there be the HIGHEST potential for regional metamorphism? a. in the Philippine trench b. near an igneous intrusion c. at the core of the Himalayas d. in the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean 12. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group? a. Gneiss b. Hornfels c. Marble MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 7  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. Quartzite 13. Blueschist metamorphism takes place within subduction zones. What are the temperature and pressure characteristics of this geological setting? a. low temperature and pressure b. high temperature and pressure c. low temperature and high pressure d. high temperature and low pressure 14. How does the presence of a hot pluton contribute to metasomatism? I. A hot pluton heats the surrounding water, causing groundwater to circulate the rocks. II. Magma within the pluton is the source of minerals that seeps through the rocks and causes chemical exchange. III. The heat coming from the pluton heats up the rock and triggers recrystallization of its original minerals. a. Only I is correct. b. Only II is correct. c. I and II are correct. d. All are correct. 15. The figure below shows a microscopic illustration of minerals of certain sedimentary rock (parent rock) which is subjected to high pressure and temperature underground forming a foliated metamorphic rock. What type of metamorphism occurs in the given illustration? a. Burial metamorphism b. Contact metamorphism c. Regional metamorphism d. Shock metamorphism 05 ROCK BEHAVIORS UNDER STRESS ASSESSMENT 1. Ava plays a clay bar. She pushed the two sides of the clay bar using equal force from her hands on the same axis. What type of stress did she exert on the clay bar? a. Compressional stress b. Direct stress c. Shear stress d. Tensional stress 2. How will the bar of clay behave after the application of stress in item no. 1? a. The clay bar will lengthen. b. The clay bar will break apart. c. The clay bar will fold. d. The clay bar will be pulled apart. 3. Mountains are result of high-impact stress caused when two plates collided. What kind of stress caused it to form? MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 8  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES a. compressional stress b. confining stress c. shear stress d. tensional stress 4. Which of the following type of stress is exerted in convergent plate boundaries? a. Compressional stress b. Direct stress c. Shear stress d. Tensional stress 5. Which of the following plate boundaries do rocks slide past each other? a. Combine plate boundaries b. Convergent plate boundaries c. Divergent plate boundaries d. Transform plate boundaries 6. What happened to the rocks under shear stress? a. The rocks are squeezed. b. The rocks fold or fracture. c. The rocks are pulled apart. d. The rock walls slip to each other on opposite direction. 7. Which of the following type of fault is found in divergent plate boundaries? a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike Slip d. Transverse 8. East African Rift is formed by stress that causes the hanging wall to drop down. Which among the type of fault does it belong? a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike Slip d. Transverse 9. A compressive stress was exerted on the rock layers forming a simple fold or bend. What is the type of fold formed on the rock layers? a. Anticline b. Incline c. Monocline d. Syncline 10. Rock undergoes changes when it is stressed. How does the rock behave when a tension stress acted on it? a. It is pulled apart or lengthen. b. It is compressed. c. It formed fold or fracture. d. It is deformed. 11. What type of fold is formed when a compressive stress resulted to a landmass that arches upward? a. Anticline b. Incline c. Monocline d. Syncline 12. What type of fault is shown on the illustration below? a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike Slip MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 9  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. Transverse 13. Reverse fault is formed through the stress that causes the hanging wall to move up. Which among the following is the result of this type of fault? a. Himalayas b. East African Rift c. Marikina Fault d. West Valley 14. Which of the following type of fault system creates the world’s highest mountain ranges? a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike Slip d. Transverse 15. Which of the following type of fault formed the San Andreas Fault? a. Normal b. Reverse c. Strike Slip d. Transverse 06 SEAFLOOR SPREADING ASSESSMENT 1. How did drilling samples show that seafloor spreading has really taken place? a. The ocean changes in size and shape. b. The molten materials cool and form a strip of solid rocks in the center of the ridge. c. The Atlantic Ocean only has a few short trenches, the spreading ocean floor has nowhere to go. d. The further away from the ridge the samples were taken, the older the rocks were, the younger rocks were always in the center of the ridges. 2. In seafloor spreading, in which of the following parts does molten material rises from the mantle and erupts or flows out? a. Along mid-ocean ridges b. In the deep ocean trenches c. In the north and south poles d. Along the edges of all continents 3. Mr. Alvarez wants to make a research about the magnetic property of the sea floor. One day he joined his friend in making a research. He noticed that he used a device that detect magnetic field. What do you call that instrument? a. geologist’s compass b. Magnetometer c. seismometer d. sonar 4. Which is not involved in the process of seafloor spreading? a. Magma b. mid-ocean ridges c. it tends to happen near the edges of continents d. the newest rock is at the center of the mid-ocean ridges 5. How will you compare the age of the rocks in the seafloor? a. both younger and older rocks are at the middle at the ridge b. the younger rocks are at the left side, the older are at the right side c. the younger rocks are in the middle at the ridge, the older are far from the ridge d. the older rocks are in the middle at the ridge, the younger are far from the ridge 6. What are the evidences that support the theory of seafloor spreading? MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 10  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES a. Magma, magnetic strips, drilling sample b. Deep ocean trench, mid-ridges, magnetic strips c. Molten materials, magnetic polarity, abyssal plain d. Molten materials, magnetic strips, drilling sample 7. What feature of seafloor is shallow, gradually sloping seabed around the edge of a continent and has a depth less than 200 meters and can be thought of as the submerged edge of a continent? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental shelf c. Continental slope d. Mid- ocean ridge 8. Which is the correct sequence on seafloor spreading? I. This forms new oceanic crust at the ridges II. Magma moves up from the mantle and erupt as pillow lava. III. Then the new oceanic crust forms, it pushes the older crust aside. IV. This crust eventually subducts at the deep ocean trenches and melt back into the mantle. a. 2-1-3-4 b. 1-2-3-4 c. 3-1-4-2 d. 4-3-2-1 9. What device uses sound waves off underwater objects and then record the echoes of these sound waves. a. Magnetometer b. geologist’s compass c. sonar d. seismometer 10. How was new oceanic crust formed? a. when the ocean changes in size and shape. b. when a deep valley along the ocean floor slowly sink towards the mantle. c. when molten material erupts through the mid ocean ridge called seafloor spreading. d. when molten material cool and form strip of solid rocks in the center of the ridge. 11. Before the invention of sonar device, what was the belief of many people about the ocean floor? a. an oblate spheroid. b. a perfect circle c. empty d. a flat surface 12. Who proposed that seafloor is spreading? a. Alfred Wegener b. Alfred Williams c. Harry Hess d. Harry Humphrey 13. Which of the following causes seafloor spreading? a. Earthquakes and convection b. Magma and convection c. Magma and subduction d. Volcanoes and earthquakes 14. What is the age of the oldest seafloor? a. 1.8 million years b. 180 million years c. 4 billion years d. 3 billion years 15. Which of the following provide evidences for seafloor spreading? a. Explosive stratovolcanoes and rock drilling MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 11  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES b. Floating continents and the ages of continental rocks c. The pattern of seafloor ages and the pattern of seafloor magnetic stripes d. The pattern of seafloor magnetic strip and the age of continental rocks 07 STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF OCEAN BASINS ASSESSMENT 1. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? a. Abyssal plane b. Mid-oceanic ridge c. Seamount d. Trench 2. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 3. Which of the following will most likely occur during juvenile stage of the ocean Basin? a. Formation of young to mature mountain belts b. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts c. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins d. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 4. Which is an example of the ocean basin in mature stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. East African Rift Valley c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 5. An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? a. Juvenile b. Mature c. Suturing d. Terminal 6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts II. Narrow seas with matching coasts III. Ocean basin with continental margins IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI b. VI, V, IV, III, II, I c. VI, II, III, V, IV, I d. I, V, VI, IV, III, II 7. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? a. Atlantic Ocean b. Himalayas Mountains c. Pacific Ocean d. Red Sea 8. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? a. Juvenile and Mature b. Embryonic and Juvenile MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 12  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. Mature and Declining d. Terminal and Suturing 9. Which of the following structures of the ocean basin is a partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? a. Continental rise b. Continental Shelf c. Continental slope d. Island 10. Which of the following best describes continental slope? a. It is the flattest part of the ocean. b. It where the ocean begins. c. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. d. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 11. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental slope c. Seamount d. Trench 12. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? a. Abyssal plain b. Continental slope c. Mid-oceanic ridge d. Trench 13. Why are undersea mountains flat? a. because of earthquake b. because of large marine animals c. because of erosion caused by waves d. because of large ships that pass through it 14. How will you categorize the stage of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Juvenile d. Mature 15. Which stage of ocean basin forms a rift valley? a. Declining b. Embryonic c. Suturing d. Terminal 08 MOVEMENT OF PLATES ASSESSMENT 1. How will you describe the plate movement that resulted in the formation of Cordillera Central Mountain Ranges? a. The plates move in the same direction. b. The plates collide. c. The plates subduct. d. The plates move away from each other MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 13  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES 2. Hawaiian Islands are born from rising volcanic hotspot from the sea floor of the Pacific Ocean. Which set off arrows best represents the plate movement that resulted in the formation of these great islands? a. b. c. d. 3. What type of plate boundary resulted to the formation of new material from molten magma? a. Convergent plate boundary b. Divergent plate boundary c. Strike-slip fault boundary d. Transform plate boundary 4. Which of the following statements about transform plate boundary and transform movement is INCORRECT? a. The relative motion of plates is horizontal. b. It can occur both underwater and on land. c. In the process, the crust is destroyed nor created. d. Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide past each other. 5. How does Mariana Trench was formed? a. It is a result of the breakage of a part of Pacific plate. b. It is formed when the Pacific plate collide with Philippine plate. c. It is formed when the Pacific plate subducts the Philippine plate. d. It is an outcome of the rising of magma in the shoreline. 6. How do the oceanic and continental plate along the western coast of South America resulted in the formation of Atacama Trench? a. Due to the heating of the plates of the Earth b. Movement of convection currents flowing in the mantle c. Due to the stress from continental plate sliding past the oceanic plate d. Due subduction of the oceanic plate under the continental plate 7. Why do plates of the Earth is slowly moving in an unnoticeable manner? a. Because of the energy from the Sun b. Due to movement of faults in Mountain Ranges c. Light form the natural satellite d. Due to convection currents in the mantle 8. Based on the given illustration below about the movement of plates, which would likely NOT be formed? a. Caraballo Mountains b. Marikina Fault System c. Mount Kanlaon d. Sierra Madre 9. Movement of plates may result to the formation of faults. Which set of arrows represent this movement? a. b. c. d. 10. What will be formed when there is a build-up of rocks in a convergent plate boundary composed of two continental crusts? a. Faults b. Mountain MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 14  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. Trench d. Valleys 11. Lubang fault line is underwater and estimated to start off the tip of the Calatagan Peninsula and runs across Balayan and Batangas Bays. How does this fault line was formed? a. Two plates moving above each other b. Two plates moving away from each other c. Two plates moving toward each other d. Two plates that are moving past each other 12. What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration? a. Convergent plate boundary b. Divergent plate boundary c. Subduction plate boundary d. Transform plate boundary 13. How does the movement of plates affect the surface of the Earth? a. When the plates move slide past each other mountain ranges were formed. b. It may result to the formation and deformation of landforms. c. It may create earthquakes along fault lines far from the origin of movement. d. Rising and falling movement of plates may result to the formation of mountains and volcanoes. 14. What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration? a. Convergent plate boundary b. Divergent plate boundary c. Subduction plate boundary d. Transform plate boundary 15. How did the plates move which resulted in the formation of Mount Pulag? a. b. c. d. 09 HOW LAYERS OF ROCKS (STRATIFIED ROCKS) ARE FORMED ASSESSMENT 1. Which is NOT true about the rock cycle? a. Rocks are recycled. b. It shows that rock is lost forever. c. It shows the rock’s journey as it changes. d. It is a summary of the processes that change rock from one kind to another. 2. Which best defines a sedimentary rock? a. It is formed by heat and cooling. b. It is formed by heat and pressure. c. It is a layered rock formed by compaction. d. All of the above 3. Limestone is formed from layers of sand, shells and animal remains that have been compacted together. Which type of rock is a limestone? a. Igneous b. Indigenous c. metamorphic MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 15  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES d. sedimentary 4. What process is used to form a sedimentary rock? a. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock. b. Magma trapped under the Earth’s surface cools and solidifies. c. Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure. d. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks. 5. Which type of rock usually contains fossils? a. all types of rocks b. Igneous c. metamorphic d. sedimentary 6. Where do sediments come from? a. Rock weathering produces sediment. b. There have always been sediments on Earth. c. Sediment is transported and deposited all over the Earth. d. Sediments accumulated as dust fell to Earth from outer space. 7. What is the Law of Superposition? a. Igneous rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock, which is older than nearby metamorphic rock. b. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than the layer above it and younger than the layers below it. c. Metamorphic rock is older than nearby sedimentary rock because the latter is deposited before the former. d. The exact age of a sedimentary rock layer can be found using the layers above and below it. 8. In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of sedimentary rocks usually found? a. at the bottom b. at the top c. in the middle d. nowhere to be found 9. Which of the following are the processes of compaction and cementation commonly associated with? a. Erosion b. Lithification c. sedimentation d. transportation 10. Which of the following do sedimentary rocks provide clues about? a. polar climates b. tropical climates c. temperate climates d. Earth surface conditions at the time the sediment was deposited. 11. Which statement is FALSE on how layers of rocks are formed? a. A break-down of igneous rocks forms layers of rocks. b. Sediments are deposited vertically by gravity. c. Erosion and weathering that occur on a flat field form layer of rocks. d. Sediments are cemented over hundreds of years and form layers. 12. Superposition means that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, which of the following is true? a. the oldest rocks are on top b. the youngest rocks are on top c. the youngest rocks are in the middle d. there is no way to know which layers are older 13. Which of the following causes the formation of rock layers? MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 16  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES a. inactive volcanoes b. erosion and weathering c. Rock remains on its position. d. Particle size does not change. 14. An undeformed sedimentary layer is ______ than the layer above and _____ then the layer below. Which of the following pairs of words best completes the sentence? a. older, older b. older, younger c. younger, older d. younger, younger 15. Which of the following describes the Principle of Original Horizontality? a. In rare cases, horizontality of rock layers occurs. b. In most cases, sedimentary beds are deposited as horizontal units. c. Not all layers of the rock are deposited horizontally. d. Both b and c 10 DIFFERENT METHODS OF DETERMINING THE AGE OF STRATIFIED ROCKS ASSESSMENT 1. What technique explains that the lowest layer is the oldest while the topmost layer is the youngest just like the clothes in the laundry basket? a. Dendrochronology b. Absolute dating c. Relative dating d. Stratigraphy 2. Which method evaluates the exact age of the sample? a. Total dating b. Relative dating c. Absolute dating d. Comparative dating 3. Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the law of superposition? a. Radioactive dating b. Radiometric dating c. Absolute dating d. Relative dating 4. Which of the following indicates the relative age of a rock layer? a. The thickness of the layer b. The chemical make-up of the rock c. The distance of the layer over the Earth d. The position of the layer compared to other layers 5. How can the absolute age of rock be determined? a. Matching the half-life b. Comparing the samples c. Calculating it to another ratio d. Measuring the amount of isotope and calculating the half-lives passed 6. How many half-lives have passed if a rock contains 25% isotopes and 75% daughter isotopes? a. One (1) half-life b. Two (2) half-lives c. Three (3) half-lives d. Four (4) half-lives 7. Which of the following describes relative dating? MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 17  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES a. Precision is high b. Quantitative extent c. Arranges fossils in order d. Works better for metamorphic rocks 8. What does the number of daughter atoms indicate? a. The more daughter atoms, the older the rock is b. The daughter atoms remain after 10 half-lives. c. The higher the percentage, the older the rock is d. A shorter half-life means more accurate age. 9. Which is true about absolute dating? a. Precision is low b. Quantitative measurement c. Less expensive and efficient d. Works better for sedimentary rocks 10. Which is true in a series of sedimentary rocks? a. The upper layer is composed of older rocks. b. The lower layers are placed before older rocks. c. The bottom layer is the oldest, and the top layer is the youngest. d. The bottom layer is the youngest, and the top layer is the oldest. 11. What happens when the isotopes decay? a. Parent isotopes become half b. Parent isotopes become a team c. Parent isotopes become a parent d. Parent isotope become a daughter 12. What is the importance of dating? a. Determines the age of fossils b. Defines the sample of fossils c. Identifies the number of fossils d. Regulates the particles in fossils 13. What is the extended version of the stratigraphy? a. Cross dating b. Biostratigraphy c. Amino acid dating d. Thermoluminescence 14. What is the meaning of the statement: You can’t break a rock if it does not exist? a. Rock layers are not undisturbed. b. Rock layers are older than the faults found in them. c. Igneous intrusions are younger than the rock that they cut through. d. Fossils are generally the same age as the rock layers in which they are found. 15. What can you conclude about relative and absolute dating? a. Absolute dating arranges the fossils in order while relative dating determines the numerical age. b. Absolute dating compares the age while relative dating arranges the fossils in an order. c. Absolute dating is the technique that determines the exact age of a historical remain while relative dating gives the order of age of several samples. d. Absolute dating is the technique that gives the order of age of several samples while relative dating determines the exact age of a historical remain. MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 18  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES 11 RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE DATING ASSESSMENT 1. Which geological dating technique determines the actual age of a fossil? a. Absolute b. radioactive isotopes c. relative d. stratigraphy 2. Which geological dating technique arranges them in the geological order of their formation? a. Absolute b. radioactive decay c. radioactive isotopes Relative d. relative 3. Which of the following is the original isotope? a. Daughter b. Half-life c. parent d. radioactive 4. What happens when the isotopes decay? a. parent isotopes become half b. parent isotopes become a team c. parent isotopes become a parent d. parent isotopes become a daughter 5. What is the importance of dating? a. determine the age of fossils b. determine the amount of fossils c. determine the sample of fossils d. determine the particles in fossil 6. Which of following is an example of the way a geologist would use relative dating? a. determining the minerals that make up rocks b. placing rock layers in order of oldest to youngest c. classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic d. using radioactive isotopes to determine the exact age of rock samples 7. The following diagram shows rock layers that are cut by a fault and two bodies of rock (rock 1 and rock 2). What are the relative ages of the features in order of oldest to youngest? a. fault, rock 1, rock 2, layer 1 b. layer 1, rock 2, rock 1, fault c. rock 2, layer 1, rock 1, fault d. fault, rock 2, layer 1, rock 1 MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 19  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES 8. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of plants and animals that have lived on Earth throughout Earth’s history. How does the fossil record of animals compare to animals that exist today? a. Animals in the fossil record are the same as animals that exist today. b. Animals in the fossil record are ancestors of animals that exist today. c. Animals in the fossil record have no similarities to animals that exist today. d. Animals in the fossil record are more complex than animals that exist today. 9. A geologist is studying three layers of sedimentary rock in an area. The layers have not shifted from their original positions. The geologist records the relative ages of the rocks. The bottom layer is listed as the oldest. The top layer is listed as the youngest. What did the geologist use to determine the relative ages of the rocks? a. mineral content b. radioactive decay c. the law of superposition d. the principle of unconformity 10. What is a geologic column? a. a rock structure that is shaped like a column b. a body of rock that cuts through sedimentary rock layers c. a group of rock layers that are taken out of the ground to study d. a group of rock layers that are placed in order of their relative ages 12 DESCRIBE HOW INDEX FOSSILS (also known as Guide Fossils) ARE USED TO DEFINE AND IDENTIFY SUBDIVISIONS OF THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE ASSESSMENT 1. What are the common fossils? a. Bones and teeth b. Spores and seeds c. Options A and B are correct. d. Options A and B are incorrect. 2. What type of preserved fossils are trapped in a tree’s sticky resins and dies? a. Amber b. Tar c. Ice d. Wood 3. Which Era represents “ancient life? a. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Paleozoic d. Proterozoic 4. When did the Precambrian Era begin? a. 4.53 billion years ago b. 4.54 billion years ago c. 4.55 billion years ago d. 4.56 billion years ago 5. What is the shorter unit of Epochs? a. Period b. Time c. System d. Eon 6. A good index fossil must include four characteristics except for __________. a. Distinctive b. Widespread MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 20  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. abundant d. long life 7. _________ is another name for index fossil. a. Key fossils b. Pattern fossils c. Lead fossils d. Design fossils 8. He is sometimes called the “Father of Geology.” a. Charles Darwin b. Charles Doolittle Walcott c. James Hutton d. James Ingram 9. __________ means that an organism completely dies out. a. Adaptation b. Extinction c. Evolution d. Regeneration 10. Which of the following statement is correct about the Geologic Time Scale? a. It is divided into major chunks of time called Eras. Eras may be further divided into smaller chunks called eons, and each eon is divided into periods. b. It is divided into major chunks of time called eons. Eons may be further divided into smaller chunks called eras, and each era is divided into periods. c. It is divided into major chunks of time called periods. Periods may be further divided into smaller chunks called eras, and each era is divided into eons. d. It is divided into major chunks of time called eras. Eras may be further divided into smaller chunks called period, and each period is divided into eons. 11. Which of the following represents the longest time? a. Precambrian b. Paleozoic c. Mesozoic d. Cenozoic 12. Which rock type are fossils most common? a. Sedimentary b. Igneous c. metamorphic d. all these commonly contain fossils 13. Which of the following will not make a fossil? a. animal footprints b. loose animal bones c. plant impressions (casts) d. decomposed organic material 14. Most periods in the geologic time scale are named for _______. a. geographic localities b. catastrophic events c. paleontologists d. fossils 15. Which geologic era do human beings evolve? a. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 21  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES 13 THE HISTORY OF EARTH ASSESSMENT 1. What is the smallest main unit of geologic time? a. Eon b. Era c. epoch d. period 2. Which is the present eon that began 541 million years ago? a. Cenozoic b. Holocene c. Phanerozoic d. Quartenary 3. When did the breakup of Pangea happen where all dinosaurs and reptiles also wiped out? a. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian 4. Which of these was believed to be the first life form on Earth? a. Amphibians b. Bacteria c. mammals d. reptiles 5. Which of these is INCORRECTLY paired? a. eon (half a billion years) b. epoch (hundreds of millions of years) c. era (several hundred million years) d. period (one hundred million years) 6. How many years did reptiles rule the Earth? a. 100 million years b. 300 million years c. 200 million years d. 400 million years 7. Myra understands the characteristics of Agnatha when she describes it as: a. a primitive jawless fish b. a primitive armored fish with cartilage skeleton c. a fish with jaw d. a fish with legs 8. In what order do the following organisms appear in the geologic record from oldest to youngest? a. bacteria, fish, birds, humans b. bacteria, birds, fish, humans c. human, fish, birds, bacteria d. fish, bird, humans, bacteria 9. When is the time where proliferation of life occurred and rocks became less metamorphosed? a. Archaean eon b. Proterozoic eon c. Phanerozoic eon d. Paleozoic era 10. Joan was asked to identify the current period we are in. Which is the correct answer of Joan? a. Holocene b. Jurassic MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 22  EARTH SCIENCE SCHOOL YEAR 2024–2025 | 1ST SEMESTER JONI B. HIPOLITO | PRINCESS NICOLE M. SALES c. Quarternary d. Tertiary 11. Devonian period is the age of fishes while Silurian period is the age of vascular plants. a. The first statement is true while the second is false. b. The first statement is false while the second is true. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false. 12. In which period did the level of carbon dioxide is several higher than today? a. Devonian b. Ordovician c. Permian d. Silurian 13. Which period did sharks and bony fishes develop? a. Cambrian b. Devonian c. Permian d. Silurian 14. All statements are true about the Cenozoic era EXCEPT: a. It is also known as the “age of mammals”. b. It is also known as the “age of flowering plants”. c. It is the time of widespread glaciation. d. It is the time when gymnosperms replaced angiosperms. 15. Which describes the geologic time scale correctly? a. It is a record of old geologists. b. It refers to the history of rocks and minerals. c. It is a record of the known history of rocks and fossils. d. It refers to the division of period in history. MISS MARICEL B. SUMANGHID CLARA Y. LIM-SYLIANCO PAGE 23