Reviewer Finals PDF

**1. Weathering of Rocks** - Definition of weathering - Differences between chemical and mechanical weathering - Processes of weathering (physical fragmentation and chemical alteration) - Influence of temperature and climate on weathering rates **2. Earth's Internal Heat** - Main...

**1. Weathering of Rocks** - Definition of weathering - Differences between chemical and mechanical weathering - Processes of weathering (physical fragmentation and chemical alteration) - Influence of temperature and climate on weathering rates **2. Earth's Internal Heat** - Main sources of Earth\'s internal heat (gravitational contraction, radioactive decay, extraterrestrial impacts) - Definition and significance of Earth\'s internal heat - True statements about Earth's internal heat and its role in geological processes - The process of accretion and its contribution to internal heat **3. Magmatism** - Definition of magmatism - What happens to magma during a volcanic eruption - Factors determining whether magma reaches the Earth's surface (composition, tectonic boundaries, pressure, and temperature) **4. Metamorphism** - Processes leading to the formation of new minerals (e.g., neocrystallization) - Factors transforming sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks (pressure, temperature, volatiles) - Changes in rock texture during metamorphism - Effects of metamorphism on original minerals in rocks **5. Behavior of Rocks Under Stress** - Types of stress (shear, compressive, tensional) and their effects on rocks - True statements about rock behavior under compression - Effects of stress and pressure on rock minerals (collapse, deformation) - Processes of bending or flowing of rocks under stress **6. Seafloor Spreading** - Characteristics of the seafloor (age, composition, sediment accumulation) - Evidence supporting seafloor spreading - Explanation of seafloor spreading and its implications on Earth\'s size - Processes occurring at mid-ocean ridges and their role in ocean basin formation **7. Geological Time and Stratigraphy** - Definition of geological time scale - Importance of relative and absolute dating methods - Laws of stratigraphy (superposition, cross-cutting relationships, lateral continuity) - Use of index fossils in dating and identifying rock layers **8. History of Earth Through Geologic Time** - Significant geological periods and their characteristics (Cambrian explosion, age of invertebrates) - Importance of subdivisions of geologic time in understanding Earth\'s history - Key events that occurred in different geological periods (Carboniferous, Permian extinctions)