Earth and Space Part 1 PDF

Earth and Space Year 8 Science (IGNITE) Planet Earth – The Blue Planet Geology ​means 'Study of the Earth’. Geology is the primary earth science that looks at how the earth is formed, its structure and composition, and the types of processes acting on it.  The Earth’s Structure What is the Eart...

Earth and Space Year 8 Science (IGNITE) Planet Earth – The Blue Planet Geology ​means 'Study of the Earth’. Geology is the primary earth science that looks at how the earth is formed, its structure and composition, and the types of processes acting on it.  The Earth’s Structure What is the Earth made of? What evidence can you use to prove that your hypothesis is correct? Inner Core Earth’s Interior Crust Outer Mantel Core Earth’s Interior Crust Mantel Outer Core Inner Core  The Earth’s Layers:  crust – the rocky, outer layer beneath your feet.  mantle – the semi-liquid, very high temperature layer below the crust. The cooler section near to the crust is less mobile than the hotter section next to the core.  core – the layer at the centre of the Earth. This layer is divided into two sections: - the liquid, outer core - and the solid, inner core.  Anatomy of the Earth https://youtu.be/WwiiOjyfvAU?si=5iQ134FOd7aqatJU  The Crust The Earth’s crust is made of: Continental Crust Oceanic Crust - thick (10-70km) - thin (~7 km) - less dense than oceanic - denser than continental crust crust - mostly old - young Lithosphere and Asthenosphere The crust and top of mantle is called the lithosphere. This is a rigid layer, mostly made up of rocks. Below this is the asthenosphere. This is hot, semi-solid material. The lithosphere ‘floats’ on top of the asthenosphere. Activity - Earth’s Layers Draw a detailed, labeled diagram of the Earth's cross- section, showing its major layers. Be sure to include and clearly label the following parts: Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Make sure each layer is distinctly represented and labeled, and the diagram should clearly show how the layers relate to each other in terms of depth within the Earth. https://youtu.be/6RKoLleyDJ4?si=312CIYHla-cnaPiL Reflection Compare the thickness of the crust to the thicknesses of the other layers. Explain an advantage of using a scale model to represent the layers of the Earth compared to using the analogy of a nectarine. If you look at a map of the world, you may notice that some of the continents could fit together like pieces of a puzzle. How did early geologists discover the existence of tectonic plates and their movement? Continental Drift Theory (Early Clues): Alfred Wegener first proposed the idea of continents moving in 1912. He noticed that the coastlines of continents like South America and Africa fit together like puzzle pieces. He also found fossil, geological, and climatic evidence suggesting that continents were once connected. Alfred Wegener’s Evidence The Tectonic Plate Theory,(latest Clues): This was developed in the 1960s by combining ideas from multiple scientists. This theory clearly explains how the tectonic plates move. Extra evidence came from advances in technology such as:  The use of sonar during WWII to discover about the seafloor  The magnetic record of the ocean floor  The use of satellites to measure the spreading of the ocean floor.  Plate Tectonics and Continents Tectonic plates are massive, rigid pieces of the Earth's lithosphere, and they include both oceanic and continental crust. The continents are part of tectonic plates and move with them as the plates shift over the more fluid asthenosphere beneath. So, when tectonic plates move, the continents that are part of these plates also move, reshaping the Earth’s landscape.  Plate Tectonics and Egg Shells? Imagine a hard-boiled egg with the shell cracked before you peel it. You will find large pieces, smaller pieces and in some places lots of tiny pieces. That is what the Earth’s techtonic plates are like.classify We plates into three groups depending on their size –  Major,  Minor, and  Micro plates. Plate Tectonics  Moving and Changing Tectonic Plates Ancient Earth globe (dinosaurpictures.org) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohv-kVfFAs&feature=youtu.be  How do Tectonic Plates Move? https://youtu.be/0mUU69ParFM?si=Azr68HyuS3Fl3cla The movement of tectonic plates shape the Earth's surface. Plate Movement  It all thanks to tectonic plate boundaries! The border between two tectonic plates is called a plate boundary. There are three basic types: pushing together pulling apart sliding past each other Each type of plate boundary produces typical landforms on the surface. These include mountain ranges, volcanoes, ridges and valleys.  Three types of plate boundary Divergent Convergent Transform