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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Quarter 1-1 Objectives: distinguish the general, specific and operational meaning of the language used in academic texts; write essays and/or articles using specific text structure; Differentiates language used in academic texts fr...
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Quarter 1-1 Objectives: distinguish the general, specific and operational meaning of the language used in academic texts; write essays and/or articles using specific text structure; Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines In this lesson… This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the language used in academic texts from various disciplines. In this lesson, you will learn the language used in the academic texts in various discipline. 01 Language Used in Academic Texts differentiatefrom the languageVarious In this lesson, you will be taught to used in Disciplines different disciplines such as Business, Law, Art, Philosophy, Politics, Religion, Science, Sports and TechVoc. Language Used in Academic Texts from various Disciplines Academic language Academic vocabulary Academic structure ACADEMIC LANGUAGE Academic language represents the language demands of school (academics). Academic language includes language used in textbooks, in classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is different in vocabulary and structure from the everyday spoken English of social interactions. Each type of communication (both academic and social) has its purpose, and neither is superior to the other. ACADEMIC VOCABULARY Academic vocabulary is used in all academic disciplines to teach about the content of the discipline, e.g., a water table is different from a periodic elements table. Before taking chemistry, for example, some students know the technical words used in chemistry, while others do not. Pre-teaching of vocabulary and subject-specific terminology helps to address that need. Teaching academic language can be challenging because struggling readers and English learners do not always know the vocabulary used to learn specific academic terms or key concepts. ACADEMIC STRUCTURE Academic structure also includes the established ways of organizing writing (which can affect how one reads) in a discipline. Different genres, paragraph/sentence structure, level of text difficulty, purpose, intended audience, overall organization, and knowledge of outside resources for the text all affect how one writes and reads in that discipline. language used in academic text from Identify the text and then analyze various discipline, the genre, academic structure and be reminded of the academic vocabulary. Identify and analyze the explicit following: instruction/deconstruction concerning the text; consider multiple models if necessary. Use explicit, scaffolded instruction: a clear instructions, both auditory and visual, and make models of expected or possible outcomes. Bring academic language to the surface: identify its usage to a particular discipline. activit y activit y activit y activit y activit y activit Provide at atleast two meanings for the following terms as used in various discipline. Write your answer on your y notebook. 1. Treatment 2. Measurement 3. Assessment 4. Position 02 Text Structures An academic text may present a main idea and then details, a cause and then its effects, an effect and the causes, two different views of a topic, etc. Therefore, it is important that you can recognize common text structures found in academic texts. Recognizing common text structures found in academic texts helps you monitor your comprehension. Bring Down Your Memory Lane! Directions: Read the selection entitled ‘From the Autopsy Surgeon’s Report’. Pick – out at least five (5) academic terms used in the discipline and write their specific meaning. Common Text Structures Text structure is how information in a text is organized. Being able to identify the structure of a text can greatly increase students' comprehension of the material being read. Common Text Structures Compare-Contrast Cause-Effect Sequence Structure Structure Structure Descriptive Problem-Solution Question - Answer Structure Structure Structure Compare-Contrast This type Structure of text structure examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. The selection below uses compare and contrast sentence structure. Most mobile phones sold today have an operating system that is either designed by Apple or Google. Both of these operating systems allow users to connect to application stores and download applications. However, one major difference between these two operating systems is that Apple makes the iOS operating system powering their iPhones and iPads. In other words, the iOS operating system only appears on products created by Apple. On the other hand, Google makes the Android operating system that can be found on many different mobile phones and tablets like Samsung, Sony and LG. So, which operating system do you prefer - Android or iOS? Cause-Effect This Structure structure presents the causal relationship between a specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or concept that follow. An action and its results are explained. In the Philippines, it is the brown race that constitutes the majority and the white or mestizo is the minority. It follows, therefore, that the mean and measure in judging beauty is the Malay skin, hair, eyes, nose, lips, body, and stance. As a result, film producers and directors consciously build up stars whose dominant features are Malay like Nora Aunor, Angel Locsin, John Lloyd Cruz and Daniel Padilla. Sequence This textStructure structure gives readers a chronological order of events or a list of steps in a procedure. Egg is good for our health. One of the simplest recipe for egg is omelette. It sounds like an expensive dish but actually it is very affordable and easy to cook. To make an omelette like a pro, precook the toppings such as minced onions and garlics, shred cheese, sliced tomatoes and other fresh herbs. Next, crack the eggs into a bowl and add a splash of water. The steam from the water makes the omelette light and fluffy. Then, whisk the egg- water mixture vigorously with a fork until the whites and yolks are completely blended. After that, heat the pan and add enough oil or butter in it. Pour the egg mixture into the hot pan and let the egg set along the edges. After few seconds, sprinkle the precooked toppings. Don’t forget then to season with salt and pepper. That’s it! You have made the perfect omelette for breakfast. Descriptive This type ofStructure text structure describes something in order of space and how something looks. It features a detailed description of something to give the reader a mental picture. Galileo was a thoughtful youth and doubtless carried on a rich and varied reverie. He had artistic ability and might have turned out to be a musician or painter. When he had dwelt among the monks at Valambros, he had been tempted to lead the life of a religious. As a boy, he busied himself with toy machines and he inherited a fondness for mathematics. All these facts are of record. Problem-Solution Structure This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains the solution, and then discusses the effects of the solution. Dr. Ramos doesn’t want the eagles to vanish. These Philippine giant birds are disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Ramos thinks that we should demand the government to plan for immediate action in the preservation of this specie. He also thinks that we should donate to Save the Eagles. Our donations will help to support and empower those who are fighting the hardest to preserve the eagles. With this, we can make a difference. We owe it to our helping and caring hands to do something. Question - Answer Structure This text structure starts by posing a question then goes on to answer that question. Why do we have schools? Schools deal important role in the society and they have three main functions. First, students learn skills that will help prepare them for society. Writing, reading, and mathematics are essential in global market and workplace and individuals likely learn these skills in schools. Second, schools serve communities by providing safe havens for students in temporary living situations. Third, schools provide a conducive environment for children to engage in productive activities during many days of the year while their adult caretakers may be working. These are the reasons why we have schools in our society. Directions: Read the text in the next slide. Write down the signal words used and determine the text structure applied in the text. Working on a computer may be easier and safer than working in a mine. However, it doesn’t come without risks. Using a computer for a long time can lead to poor eyesight, muscle loosening, back pain, and injuries to the hands and wrists. If you find yourself working or playing on a computer quite regularly, take a few steps to prevent these problems and you’ll thank yourself later. To address this, taking frequent breaks when you are computing for a long time is recommended. Specifically, you have to get up, walk around, stretch your hands and wrists, and straighten your back every once and a while. Undeniably, it can be hard to pull yourself away from your computer once you get into a zone, but your body will thank you later if you do. Thus, make your health a priority and don’t worry so much about what is happening on that little screen.