EAPP-Q1-1 PDF - Academic Writing Guide

“Reading is the key to the world of enlightenment” 2 COMMON STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS IMRaD Academic Text Introduction - Critical, objective, specialized texts written by -...

“Reading is the key to the world of enlightenment” 2 COMMON STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS IMRaD Academic Text Introduction - Critical, objective, specialized texts written by - depicts background of topic and central focus experts or professional in a given field using Methods formal language - data collection, instruments, sample size - Are based on facts with solid basis Results & Discussion - Quite formal, objective (impersonal) and - states brief summary of lay findings of study technical (language used) - Formal by avoiding casual or conversational 3-Part Essay language Introduction - general concept EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT Body (heart of essay) - question “What’s the topic about?” - may elaborate through examples and evidence 1. Literary analysis SUPPORTS - Examines, evaluates, makes argument about a. The most general information (thesis a literary work statement/main idea) - Goes beyond summarization b. Core of introduction - Requires close reading of one or more c. The most specific information multiple tasks Conclusion - begins by briefly summarizing the main scope, 2. Research Paper confirms topic - Uses outside information to support a thesis - described as “mirror image” - Written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, or critical in nature - Involves synthesizing external information FACTORS AFFECTING WRITING AS A with your own words FORM OF COMMUNICATION Writing is a form of communication shaped 3. Dissertation by; audience, purpose, tone, and context - Thesis document submitted at conclusion of a PhD program ★ PRIMARY AUDIENCE - Book-length summarization of doctoral - main readers of the text candidate’s research. - they evaluate, grade, critique EXAMPLES OF NON-ACADEMIC ★ SECONDARY AUDIENCE - Personal opinions, magazines, nonfiction, - these are potential readers who might come across digital media, news, etc your work indirectly - scholars from other disciplines, or the general public Structure is an important feature of interested in your topic Academic Writing - a well-structured text enables reader to follow the argument and navigate the text  TYPES OF AUDIENCES these parts. patterns, It aims to relationship 1.) EXPERTS clarify, s and - individuals who are specialist in the field you are explain, and meanings. It writing about interpret the typically information avoids - for them, you can use jargons and delve deeper into or data. subjective the subject statements. 2.) NON-SPECIALIST ACADEMICS 3. Expository To inform, Informative, Research - may be educated but not in the discipline you’re Writing explain or structured, papers, writing about clarify a and often encyclopedi - clarity is crucial and jargon should be minimized topic neutral. It a - students, teachers systematica prioritizes 3.) STUDENTS lly clarity and comprehen - fellow peers are those learning about the subject. siveness. Your writing should be informative with a balance of 4. To Logical and Persuasive depth and accessibility Argumentativ persuade evidence-ba essays, 4.) GENERAL PUBLIC e Writing the reader sed often opinion - readers with little to no knowledge of a taking a editorials, or - clarity is paramount and it is essential to break down persuasive particular stance. It argumentati complete ideas viewpoint, involves ve research or argument presenting papers arguments TYPES OF ACADEMIC WRITING, ITS and counterargu PURPOSE & NATURE ments while supporting them with Type Purpose Nature of Example evidence. Writing 5. Reflective To reflect on Subjective Reflective 1. Descriptive To describe, Objective, Description Academic personal and essays, summarize, factual, and of experiences introspectiv learning Writing or explain clear. It theoretical , thoughts e. It often journals, or something often framework or includes personal in a clear involve observation personal reflections and detailed soutlining s in relation insight and in manner characteristi to academic learning professional cs, content experiences context functions, , connecting processes, them to or events broader concepts 2. Analytical To break Detailed, Writing down focusing on 6. Critical To evaluate Reuqires Critique, information understandi Writing & critique writer to critical into its ng and ideas, assess the reviews, component interpreting research, or strengths literature parts and data or theories and reviews, or examine the concepts. It weaknesse critiques of relationship involves s on an research s between identifying argument, methodologi  theory, or es How can we achieve formality in writing? research. It Rule 1: Avoid Informal Words makes Avoid the following: judgment. Colloquial 7. Narrative To tell a Descriptive Case Slang Writing story or chronologic studies, Trite expressions recount al historical Idiomatic expression events accounts, or personal narratives Colloquial - Used in ordinary or familiar conversation; everyday 8. Compare & Analytical & Comparativ Comparative contrast balanced. It e essays, language Writing different involves comparative - e.g. kind of (kinda), sort of, a lot of Whats up? ideas, discussing literature Howya been? Dead gorgeous, that’s wicked theories, or similarities reviews, or pieces of and analyses of research differences of different Slang Language to highlight theoretical - peculiar to a particular group; used between people key aspects approaches who belong to the same social group and who know each other well. Jumpstart - e.g. woke, cool AF, moots, ghosting, salty, snack, How can you tell when a text is written in an spill the tea, sheesh, G.O.A.T. (Filipino slang: omsim, academic and professional manner? petmalu, charot, lodi) Trite expressions Academic texts are: - These are words lacking in freshness or formal clear effectiveness because of constant use or excessive factual concise repetition; worn-out expressions objective complex - e.g. At the end of the day, In this day and age, it’s a explicit cautious small world, better late than never, by hook or by crook, busy as a bee Features of Idiomatic expression ACADEMIC LANGUAGE - These are expressions that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached. ★ FORMALITY - e.g. beat around the bush, costs an arm and a leg, Formality reflects your dignified on the nose, pet peeve stance in your writing as a member of the academic community. This means that since Rule 2: Avoid Contractions your audience are fellow member of the Instead of using a contraction, you should academic community, the language you use write out the words in their entirety. requires precision to make it a legitimate Example: can’t – cannot should’ve – should have piece of academic writing. Rule 3: Use Acronyms and Abbreviations think of i.e. as representing an equal sign (=). This properly will help you remember that i.e. stands for a strict Rule of thumb: equivalence. - the abbreviated term should appear at least three Example: Every genetics student learns the two basic times in the paper. If you use a term rarely it might be methodologies (i.e., forward genetics and reverse better to spell it out genetics) in the field - When you introduce the acronym, you should always write out the whole name or phrase followed Rule 4 Choosing one-verb form over two-verb by the acronym in parentheses. Once you have form (phrasal verb) introduced it, you may use the acronym in the rest of Example: Oil price has gone up. (Use “has increased” your text. instead) Example: Calbayog City National High School Two-word One-word verb (CCNHS) has expressed concern over rising cases of Verb/Phrasal verb teenage pregnancy. CCNHS has therefore Take out Remove/extract Latin Terms and their Abbreviations Look forward Anticipate/await The major style manuals (MLA, APA and Boil down Summarize Chicago) agree that Latin abbreviations should be kept out of the main body of a text-that is, they should Call off Cancel not appear in ordinary sentences within ordinary paragraphs. Certain abbreviations may be used in Come between Interfere parentheses within the body of a text (etc., e.g., i.e.). Go against Oppose/Contradict The abbreviation etc. stands for et cetera, Go on Continue which translates literally as “and others” or “and the rest. ” A more useful translation that can be Two-word verbs/phrasal Verbs that can be used in substituted for etc. is “and so on. ” Academic Writing Example: 1. The study surveyed factors such as socioeconomic status, educational background, Account for Consider employment history, etc Take into account Consider The abbreviation e.g. stands for exempli gratia Carry out Conduct/Do Using "e.g. " in academic writing helps provide specific examples to clarify or illustrate a point. Here’s Look into Investigate how to use it effectively: Find out Find more information Examples: 1. Several methods can be employed for Cut down/Cut back on Reduce.do less of data collection, e.g., surveys, interviews, and observations. Follow through Complete a task The abbreviation i.e. stands for id est, which translates as “that is to say. ” It might be useful to