EAP11_12_Unit-1_Lesson-1_Structure-of-Academic-Texts.pptx

Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Structure of Academic Texts English for Academic and Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic What do building blocks signify in writing? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 2 Learning Identify the structures of Objecti...

Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Structure of Academic Texts English for Academic and Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic What do building blocks signify in writing? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 2 Learning Identify the structures of Objective paragraphs, essays, and s research papers. At the end of the Construct short paragraphs lesson, you should be able to and essays. do the following: ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 3 Write a scenario about the photo with two other students. Each student should write only one part: introduction, middle, or ending. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 4  Why should a reader know the Essential essential parts of an academic Question text? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 5 How does knowing the parts of a paragraph ensure better comprehension of the text? 6  Structures of Paragraphs Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 7  Structures of Paragraphs Parts of a paragraph: Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding and/or transitional sentences ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 8  Structures of Paragraphs Topic sentence: presents the main point of the paragraph Supporting sentences: support the main idea of the paragraph ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 9  Structures of Paragraphs Transitional sentences pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph. Concluding sentences close out the main idea by summing up the main idea. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 10 Remember Patterns of Development of Paragraphs Illustration Definition Classification Comparison and Contrast Process 11  Structures of Paragraphs Example 1 Empathy is being able to understand and share feelings and requires a connection between two humans. Establishing that connection means that people should put down their phones, face each other and build rapport with one another. Taking those steps ENGAG can makeEXPLAI EXPLO a difference. EXTEN EVALUA 12  Structures of Paragraphs Example 2 Modern-day heroes are not the ones seen in the movies; these are just actors who pretend to be larger-than-life characters. The true modern-day heroes are the people who dedicate their lives to serve others. These people can be doctors, nurses, engineers, teachers, and the police. They help others to make the world a better place. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 13  Structures of Paragraphs Example 3 Online marketing is the effort to disseminate information about a business or product using the Internet. This may be considered as an effective strategy, as almost everyone uses the Internet for interaction. Engaging with potential consumers online may help the business in profits, as the channels between parties have more potential to continue, even after transactions. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 14 What are possible strategies writers can use to develop cohesive paragraphs? 15 Structure of a Three-Part Essay A three-part essay is composed of three basic parts: 1.Introduction 2.Body 3.Conclusion ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 16  Introduction The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that will be discussed in the body. The thesis statement is usually found at the end of the introduction, and it can act as a transitional sentence for the body. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 17  Introduction Introduces the topic Places the topic into context Provides background information Points out the aim of the text Describes how the aim will be fulfilled ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 18  Introduction Provides a thesis statement for the text Suggests what the findings are Explains why the topic could be considered interesting Catches the readers’ interest ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 19  Body The body is the main and most substantial part of the entire essay which: Presents evidence to support the thesis statement Can be broken down into parts ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 20  Body The body should do the following: Present research and data Analyze data Discuss data thoroughly ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 21  Conclusion Restates the thesis statement Wraps up the essay Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic Should not present new material ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 22 Remember The conclusion should not have the exact same thesis statement as the one in the introduction. It is best to reword it in the conclusion. 23  Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 1 Benedicto Cabrera, also known more famously as BenCab, is a Filipino painter. He was deemed as a Filipino National Artist for painting in 2006, and is considered as one of the best-selling painters of his time. BenCab has a museum in Baguio, a place that inspired ENGAG many of his EXPLAI works. EXTEN EVALUA EXPLO 24  Structuring the Three-Part Essay The BenCab museum has many of Cabrera’s artwork in addition to his personal collection of the works of other Filipino artists. The museum has exhibits that display the culture of the Cordilleras. The many displays manifest BenCab’s talents and his appreciation for local art. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 25  Structuring the Three-Part Essay With the BenCab museum situated in the Cordilleras, it has become a site that people can visit and experience when they visit Baguio. The opportunity to see BenCab's collection and work can inspire others to appreciate Filipino art. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 26 What strategies were used to make the three-part essay cohesive? 27  Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 2 Though almost everyone recognizes dreamcatchers, few know the origin and its significance in local culture. The dreamcatcher is more than just a decorative piece. It is an interesting object with an even more interesting history. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 28  Structuring the Three-Part Essay The dreamcatcher originated from Native North America, most specifically the Ojibwe. There is no exact date of its invention, but it became mainstream in the 1980s. Traditionally, they were thought to be objects of protection for babies and were hung over their cradles. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 29  Structuring the Three-Part Essay As many people know today, it was often believed that they could protect the dreams of infants, as the spiderweb-like design would "catch" the evil spirits and keep them stuck on the dreamcatchers. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 30  Structuring the Three-Part Essay The dreamcatcher’s history and original purpose are fascinating and give more value to the object. The dreamcatcher is a decorative piece for many people, but its origins make it all the more impressive. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 31 How does knowing the structure of essays help reading comprehension? 32  Structuring the Three-Part Essay Example 3 Everyone has an opportunity to be an app developer, or one who develops apps for smartphones. Though it may seem too “techie” for some, the possibility for app development has become endless. There is no need to go through it alone, as many companies are willing to help dreamers ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA achieve their goals. 33  Structuring the Three-Part Essay App development is a profitable business, as manifested through the various companies willing to help out those who are interested. In the Philippines, the names Adroit Apps, Ltd. and Arcanys are top companies that develop apps. These kinds of companies have specific aims for business but share the common goal of developing apps for people. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 34  Structuring the Three-Part Essay If developing apps and serving people while making money is one goal, it is best to get in contact and apply to app development companies. In this day and age, this kind of job may be beneficial for all, and the process is an essential learning experience for professional development. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 35 How should research be presented in academic writing? 36  Structuring IMRaD IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion. IMRaD aims to discuss research topics, explaining the topic and its intended purpose. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 37 Structuring IMRaD: Introduction Contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail Can include the background of the study rather than an introduction Should include the aim(s) of the study ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 38  Structuring IMRaD: Methods The methods part includes the following: explanation of how aims and research questions were fulfilled and answered methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the said data the research design for the entire study ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 39  Structuring IMRaD: Results Objectively presents results from the data collected and analyzed Presents data using charts, figures, and/or tables ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 40  Structuring IMRaD: Discussion Reminds readers of the topic of the study Analyzes and discusses presented results Contains recommendations ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 41  Structuring IMRaD Example 1 Listening to music may be a positive experience for many junior high school students while they study for major subjects. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 42  Structuring IMRaD Though there have not been many studies that show a relationship between the two variables, this particular study aimed to determine how junior high school students feel while they listen to particular genres of music while studying for major exams. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 43  Structuring IMRaD The methods for the research consisted of interviewing JHS students about their experiences, opinions of music, and their study habits. The researchers also utilized a questionnaire given to 20 JHS students. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 44  Structuring IMRaD Results showed that JHS students felt that listening to music, no matter the genre, was helpful, and there are perceived effects that it helped them do better on the tests academically. Further studies may help confirm a true relationship between listening to music and better study habits. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 45 Why is it important to include visual representations of data in the results of the IMRaD? 46  Structuring IMRaD Example 2 In the Philippines, there has been a noticeable shift from the use of plastic shopping bags to more environmentally- friendly bags. Eco-bags are bags that can be reused and can include, but are not limited to, canvas bags, paper bags, ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 47  Structuring IMRaD In the study conducted, a survey of 138 college students answered that because the province of Cavite has encouraged the use of eco-bags, a large number of the sample population maximizes the utilization of eco-bags while shopping. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 48  Structuring IMRaD Significant factors that influenced the respondents include the implementation of the laws and awareness of the harmfulness of plastics to the environment. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 49  Structuring IMRaD Further studies should explore why other factors, such as promotion of private corporations in the Philippines, are not significant in the utilization of eco-bags for shopping. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 50 Why is the background of the study an imperative part of the introduction? 51  Structuring IMRaD Example 3 Stereotyping in senior high school may be a more common phenomenon nowadays than ever, as students are clustered into different strands. Students may have certain perceptions and opinions about others who are in the same and different strands. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 52  Structuring IMRaD This research aimed to find out the experiences grade 12 students across all academic strands had with stereotyping in grade 11. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 53  Structuring IMRaD Three focus group discussions were conducted, along with five in-depth interviews about the grade 12 students’ own experiences about stereotyping. The researchers were able to utilize open and axial coding to extract prevalent themes. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 54  Structuring IMRaD It was found that STEM and ABM students were branded as intellectual while HUMSS students felt that they were branded as carefree. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 55  Structuring IMRaD Further studies should be conducted to find out the factors which influence students to use stereotypes for the different strands and if this type of stereotyping affects academic studies and social situations in high school. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 56  Compose a short paragraph about one research topic you Compose might want to pursue this a academic year. In the paragraph paragraph, rationalize the need to explore the research area. ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 57  What technique did you utilize to compose your paragraph? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 58 Question Why is it recommended to use transitional sentences in between paragraphs for the 3- part essay? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 59 Question Why should an introduction in IMRaD give a background of the study? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 60 Question What are the different ways to identify cohesion in any kind of written text? ENGAG EXPLO EXPLAI EXTEN EVALUA 61  Wrap Up Knowing the structure of an essay can help a reader comprehend the text. Paragraph development and the three-part essay are broken into the following parts: introduction, 62  Wrap Up The IMRaD structure is broken into the following parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. 63 Wrap Up 64  Bibliography “The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017. https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/. “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/. “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts. “Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts. “Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report. 65