International Development Past Paper PDF

Final Material International Development: Refers to efforts to improve living conditions globally through {economic growth, meeting basic human needs, expanding human freedoms, creating sustainable improvements in quality of life Globa...

Final Material International Development: Refers to efforts to improve living conditions globally through {economic growth, meeting basic human needs, expanding human freedoms, creating sustainable improvements in quality of life Globalization: The increasing interconnection of the world’s economies, societies, and cultures through {trade, services, money, tech, info, people etc.} Theories What It Means Modernization (Cultural & Economic) ~ Promoting free markets & minimal government LIberal Economics intervention Studies how institutions shape economic and Neo-Institutionalism social development Advocates for protecting national economy Economic Nationalism from foreign control Views underdevelopment as result of global Dependency/World Systems capitalism Analysis based on class struggle and modes of Marxism production Examines how economic/social structures Structuralist Economics affect development Focuses on improving peoples capabilities and Human Development quality of life Post-Modernism Critiques the concept of development itself Analyzes development through gender Feminism relations and equality Examines development from perspective of Subaltern Studies marginalized groups Final Material 1  Analyzes development relationship to Post-colonialism colonialism and its legacy Promotes environmentally sustainable Mainstream Environmentalism development Opposes development as inherently harmful to Radical Environmentalism nature Pre Midterm Sept 10 - Canada As Example Sept 13 - International Development & Globalization: Definitions & Debates Sept 17 - Bias, Ideological Blind Spots & logical errors in social science Sept 20 - Rodney Nelson & DGD 1 Sept 27 - The library & study tools for your academic success Oct 1 - Truth, reconciliation and International Development Oct 4 - Settler capitalism & Colonial imagination Oct 8 - Trade, finance and the liberal international order Post Midterm Oct 22 - Canadian Civil Society & ID No Lecture Luc Mougeot International Development Cooperation [IDC] Civil Society Organizations [CSO] : {Think tanks, Foundations, Professional Associations, NGOs, etc.} Non-profit, voluntary organization serves the public interest through social action and dialogue Final Material 2  CSO’s that aren’t NGOs {faith based, community based, labour union} Non Governmental Organizations [NGO]: {UNICEF, Greenpeace, Red Cross, WWF} Subset of CSO’s formally registered organizations focused on particular causes Social Movements: An organized effort by a large number of people to bring about or impede change Class Presentation Student Refugee Program [SRP] a refugees resettlement program that enables refugee students to enter Canada as permanent residents and pursue their education at Canadian universities Reading (Mougeot, Luc) Changes in international development are forcing Civil Society Organizations to invest more in knowledge management to remain relevant players Changes include reduced overseas development assistance New donors from emerging economies Growing emphasis on public private partnerships Oct 25 - Canada & Climate Change Lecture Portion: Goal of limiting global warming to less than 2 degrees C, and as close to 1.5 degrees C as possible 3 Degree temps would cause Arctic sea ice gone in 2 of 3 summers 50% of insect species lose >50% of their habitat range Drought 11 months longer Final Material 3  Wildfires in mediterranean Limiting warming to 1.5-2 C would prevent premature deaths and save money In-class activity using En-ROADS [Energy Rapid Overview and Decision Support] I was Developed Nations Subsidizing renewable energy Reduce Deforestation Reduce Greenhouse gas emissions We talked with Traditional Energy, Developing Nations, Clean Tech Reading (Sandbrook, Richard) Canada’s Emissions aren’t as low as you think, and we must continue to cut down on them Despite just being 1.4% of the Global emissions, our per capita emissions are double China’s Oct 29 - DGD 2 - Carbon Colonialism and Culpability Nov 5 - Canada + Migration Group activity rating Canada’s response to refugee crisis We had Bosnians in 1991 and 1992, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia had declared their independence from Yugoslavia, leaving only Serbia and Montenegro. The ethnic serb minority clashed with the existing Croat and Muslim populations, leading to a bloody civil war that left 320 000 Bosnians as refugees by 1994 Canada’s response included a peacekeeping force to the region under the UN In addition Canada accepted approximately 25,300 Bosnian refugees into Canada with the majority arriving between 1994-1995 Final Material 4  We gave it a +1 on the scale (we’re proud of Canada’s response) because while not above and beyond, 25000/300000 refugees finding a home in Canada is pretty incredible given is geographical location Reading (Hymie) Integration is often poorly defined and that it reflects biased assumptions about a homogenous host society Hymie suggests developing a more holistic integration model, that acknowledges the complex, two-way nature of refugee settlement Nov 8 - Women Peace & Security Dr. Jenkins gave a presentation on the Women Peace and Security Agenda [WPS] WPS Agenda, is a UN Security Council Resolution passed in 2000 The ASEAN Regional Plan of Action [RPA] (Case study) Four pillars of WPS: (P,P,P & RR) Protection ensure rights of young women, protect women & girls from all forms of sexual and gender based violence [SGBV] Prevention Preventing violence against women, integrating WPS principles into development/relief work Participation Get women involved equally in all levels of decision making, and further recognition of the women already doing this work Relief/Recovery Ensure needs of women are met in R&R processes Challenges of Policy Design: Corruption Politicization of Gender issues Final Material 5  Anti-feminist movements Reading (Malik, Sadia) Canada must use its influence and “soft power” to champion security and civil rights internationally Canada must focus on tackling roots of issues rather than short term solutions Nov 12 - Artificial Intelligence & Development (DGD) Risks of algorithmic decision making, bias etc. Accountability of AI systems Agism, Sexism in AI systems Nov 15 - The UN + Canada’s Multilateral Commitments Nov 15 - The United Nations and Canada’s multilateral commitments Reading (Herz, Monica) The UN and the multilateral system faces a crisis, with 4 of 5 members skipping the General Assembly Meeting The system has helped reduce conflict in the past but recently is struggling with issues such as Ukraine and growing humanitarian crises Nov 19 - Canada + Emerging Economies Emerging Economy - A country with a fast growing economy that is transitioning from a developing to a developed economy China - An example of successful development Which theories from the textbook have trouble explaining emerging economies? Dependancy, World System & Postcolonial theories have trouble explaining this phenomenon, all 3 are premised on the past 500 years of Western Dominance being a permanent condition Final Material 6  they claim to be historically based but are instead ahistorical, cannot see that history never ends Reading (Landriault, Mathieu) Chinese research in the Arctic 5x since 2000 with particular focus on areas rich in potential fisheries and minerals 65% of Arctic research papers are authored solely by Chinese researchers Raises concern for arctic nations, as their own research presence declines Reading (Narine, Shaun) India is pursuing its own interests rather than aligning with western goals Nov 22 - Business, development and the Canadian private sector overseas Guest Speaker Dr. Jose Di Bella Gave a lecture about Transdisciplinary Research, and how researchers can work with communities and businesses for climate change. Integrating knowledge across academic disciplines with non-academic stakeholders to address societal challenges. Discussed TRANSFORM, a partnership project that connects researchers with small and medium enterprises to map sustainability practices and accelerate innovation He talked about case studies of environmental experiments: Monterrey - Laundromats recycled water during droughts Baja California - Early warning system for extreme weather on farms The emphasis of these experiments was on learning rather than just success. Communities shouldn’t be seen as beneficiaries of sustainability projects, but as sources of innovation Reading (Baba, Sofiane) About the UN’s Authentic Sustainability Assessment report Current business practices are insufficient and inauthentic Final Material 7  the 2022 Authentic Sustainability Assessment introduces SDPIs SDPI [Sustainable Development Performance Indicators] which measure corporate sustainability against scientific thresholds rather than against industry peers For example a company reducing water use by 35% might still be unsustainable if the usage exceeds what local watershed can support Tomorrow: DGD 1 topics Prior Slides to Midterm Make sure I know all the theories by heart Make sure I know all the new stuff by heart Final Material 8