Street Drugs: Uses, Effects, and Risks - PDF

Chemicals for religious purposes Incensole acetate from Frankincense People will do anything to get high : Mebufotenin () toluene () myristicin() cathinones(bath salts ) Ethanol() codeine dextromethorphan Illegal drugs health -Adverse e ects Personal life -employability / destruction of relat...

Chemicals for religious purposes Incensole acetate from Frankincense People will do anything to get high : Mebufotenin () toluene () myristicin() cathinones(bath salts ) Ethanol() codeine dextromethorphan Illegal drugs health -Adverse e ects Personal life -employability / destruction of relationships and families Society - health cost /economic impact to society and fanmilies Fines Jail time Criminal record Secondary crime Buyer beware (not pure substances ,can contain anything ,impossible to know what is actually in them) Solvents often abused in elementary school Ex: paint thinner , liquid paper Nitrous oxide in whipped cream “Fake: pot in herbal incense Leaves spoked with synthetic analgesics John Huffman Leaves spiked with synthetic cannabinoids JWH-019 more potent than THC Cocaine used as a stimulant for centuries Cocaine in patent medicines Early coca-cola has cocaine Cocaine has many uses (ex for the hair ) Harrison tax act 1914 Tax on narcotics Stephan chemical in New Jersey Topical anaesthetics designed from cocaine Dental anaesthetics inspired by cocaine Cocaine vs Novocaine( now use in dental ) Snorting cocaine hydrochloride Cocaine addiction is very strong no tolerance No physical withdrawal Very strong psychological effect Cocaine is most unsatisfying drug Animals prefer cocaine to food or sex Freebased cocaine forms cracks Crack requires lower doses Crack is usually smoked Cocaine prevents dopamine reuptake Amphetamine use in World War II Methampetamine(give you energy ) First amphetamines abuse on military prison Low doses stimulate fight or flight How it work Spinal cord (brain ) to organ symathetic fight or flight / parasympathetic maintenance High doses induce euphoria stimulate dopamine release Hyper-stimulate the body’s reward system Produce psychosis (similar to schizophrenia) Hyper-stimulate the sympathetic nervous styetem - aggression Benzedrine inhaler contained 250mg Amphetamine was extracted using Coca Cola Amphétamines used to treat depression Max Jacobson (dr.frrlgood) Amphetamine psychosis led to a decline in use in the 1960’s extreme aggression Auditory and visual allucination Paranoid psychosis (users accumulate weapons Methamphetmaine made in comeback in 1990’s Pseudoephedrine to make methamphetamine Smerfing provided the raw material Methamphetamine is a potent vasoconstrictor Opiates are derived from poppy latex Hypodermic syringe invented in 1856 Morphine use became common after civil war Heroin was sold as non-addictive cough suppressant Harrison Narcotic Act 1914 Heroin is usually injected Codeine is the most common medicinal opiate Oxycodone(OxyContin) first marketed in 1030 Opium contains thébaine (40%) -no medicinal value Thébaine can be chemically converted to oxycondone Oxycontin is hillbilly heroin OxyContin us usually stolen from pharmacies Opiates are important painkillers Many doctors are reluctant to use opiated for terminal patients , also reluctant to use opiates for those with chronic pain Many hallucinogens are serotonin agonists Magic mushrooms contain psilocybin Cane toads provide bufotenine Ergotamine from ergot Ergotamine can be converted to lysergic acid Albert Hoffman discovers LSD by accident LSD halllucinations have religious significance Often involve flying Timothy Leary at Harvard “ tune in turn on and drop out” Atropine from the deadly nightshade Large pupils are attractive - small pupils are not (eye doc , 散瞳孔） Atropine use in surgery Hyoscine is called scopolamine Scopolamine in truth serum Original narcotic laws were very specific Designer drugs provided a way around the law Existing drugs were the starting point Original practitioners were chemists ( specialized knowledge was required ) Fentanyl is an industrial strength pain killer Methylfentanyl and carfentanil were initially legal Addicts often died from overdose - easy yo overdose on fentanyl Lethal dosages are vanishingly small 量 但是提供的快感是 样的 Naloxone : is a temporary antidote to an opioid overdose W-18 was discovered in Edmonton , became illegal in March 2016 Overdoses common in Canada , carfentanil (Alberta Fentanyl (Ottawa Counterfeit opioids cheaper to make prescription difficult Fentanyl and related compounds inexpensive to make Make counterfeit OxyContin or heroin that contain fentanyl instead Fentanyl Doses are ectemely small micrograms Diffocliy to measure amount this small Amount are so small to see Use of filler makes measurement easier dilute the drug in a filler Larger quantities can be accurately measured goal is an equal distribution Drug fillers area powders : each pill has same amount of drug Ecstasy SKF-5 tested in 1950 for psychotic depression MDMA was tested by the military Why people are interested euphoria Empathy Reduced. Inhibition Auditory hallucinations Sexuality negative effets hyperthermia :liver ,kidney , heart failure /death Loss of appetite Dehydration Depression  Lack of judgment It’s cheap Ecstasy tabs usually not very pure Additives to Ecstasy tabs methylenedioxyamphetamine , paramethoxyamphetamine : Neurotoxic Ketamine : veterinary anesthetic (similar to pcp ) GHB :date rape drug Methamphetamine many ecstasy tabs dont contain ecstasy Chemical profiling of confiscated ecstasy Ecstasy s predatory drug ecstasy GHB Ketamine Rohypnol Cathinone (aka bath salt Khat contains ( leaves are chewed as stimulant , causes dopamine release High doses increase aggression Synthetic versions tested as appetite suppressants Side effect were too dangerous extreme dehydration Massive weight loss Highly addictive Hallucinations Psychosis :paranoia , extreme violence synthetic cathinones legal until recently Crystals are large and salt-like Recreational use began in 2002 High doses cause violent psychosis New versions are constantly produces Demerol(illegal) is a systemic painkiller Designer version of the real drug Case of the frozen addicts MPTP selectively destroys brain tissue Partial reprieve with L-DOPA Law to restrict designer drugs : controlled similar chemical structures Can drugs make you smarter ? There are ethics issue with smart drugs Drug are like omega-3 no benefit ( to become smarter People see patterns that are not there: Caffeine(high blood pursuers ) and nicotine as stimulants Some drugs improve cognitive function Alzheimer’s Dementia Aphasia Schizophrenia small improvements for sleep deprived Drugs for narcolepsy keep you awake :armodafinil/olmifon Amphetamines for repetitive task Dexedrine Adderall Ephedra s widely used Ritalin improves behaviours in ADHD Feeling good doesn’t = better performance Effects are small and variable Cognitive function have different drug sensitivities Benefits are highly questionable Effects are emotional -not cognitive All drugs have side effects May help or impair Counterfeit drugs are a $100 billion market Drugs are illegal because they are dangerous Health – Adverse effects Personal life – Destruction of relationships and families Society – Health costs – Secondary economic impact Fines Jail time – New mandatory minimum sentences Criminal record – Limits employment opportunities – Limits ability to travel Criminal lifestyle Buyer beware