Drug Information - Secondary Resources PDF

SECONDARY RESOURCES & PUBMED SEARCHING KRISTIN M. JANZEN, PHARMD, BCPS CLINICAL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR | PHARMACY PRACTICE OBJECTIVES ¡ Define the following terms: secondary resource, citation, abstract ¡ Categorize each secondary resource by its scope of coverage (e.g. biomedicine, life scienc...

SECONDARY RESOURCES & PUBMED SEARCHING KRISTIN M. JANZEN, PHARMD, BCPS CLINICAL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR | PHARMACY PRACTICE OBJECTIVES ¡ Define the following terms: secondary resource, citation, abstract ¡ Categorize each secondary resource by its scope of coverage (e.g. biomedicine, life science, etc.) ¡ Critically evaluate the more well-known secondary resources according to the guidelines discussed in class ¡ Compare and contrast the different secondary resources according to scope of coverage, availability of a controlled vocabulary, and types of publications included ¡ For a specific drug information request, determine the most appropriate secondary resource(s) to conduct a search for journal articles SECONDARY RESOURCE ¡ A bibliographic service designed to help retrieve journal articles ¡ Advantages: ¡ quick access to the primary literature ¡ review a select segment of the primary literature ¡ Disadvantages ¡ number of journals covered ¡ scope of coverage ¡ consider lag time ¡ some sources require training to use effectively WHAT IS A CITATION? ¡ A reference to an article; usually includes the title of the article, the author(s), name of journal (including year, volume, number/issue, pages) Chen HS, Cui Y, Zhou ZH, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy vs alteplase for patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke: the ARAMIS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;329(24):2135-44. ABSTRACT CONSIDERATIONS IN USING SECONDARY RESOURCES ¡ Scope of coverage ¡ Language ¡ What is the focus? ¡ Lag time ¡ Biomedicine? ¡ Article gets published à database à end user ¡ Primary Practice? ¡ Availability/cost ¡ Dietary Supplements? ¡ Ease of use ¡ Adverse Drug Reactions? ¡ Controlled vocabulary: thesaurus of terms (cancer vs. ¡ What country is it published in? tumor vs. neoplasms) ¡ U.S. ¡ European ¡ International MEDLINE (PUBMED) ¡ Produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) ¡ Scope of coverage: biomedicine (Medline covers > 4000 journals) ¡ 75% of citations from English-language sources ¡ Corresponds to the printed Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature, and International Nursing Index ¡ Geographic coverage: U.S.; international ¡ Time period covered: 1948 – present ¡ Access: online (PubMed, Ovid, various vendors) ¡ Lag time: varies depending on access route; the database itself is updated weekly ¡ Database is searched using a controlled vocabulary called the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) EMBASE ¡ Produced by Elsevier Science Publishers ¡ Scope of coverage: biomedicine (> 7000 journals) ¡ Contains 35% more citations vs. Medline, has 40% overlap with Medline ¡ Publishes more than 40 individual abstracting services or “sections” (e.g. section 30 – Pharmacology; section 16 – Cancer) ¡ Subfiles “Drug Literature Index” and “Adverse Reactions Titles” provides extensive coverage of the drug and pharmaceutical literature; only these two subfiles do not contain abstracts ¡ Other topics covered: basic biological research; health policy and management; substance dependence and abuse; forensic science; biomedical engineering and instrumentation ¡ Also index letters, conference proceedings, symposia ¡ Geographic coverage: U.S.; international ¡ Time period covered: 1974 – present ¡ Access: print (Excerpta Medica); online ¡ Lag time: varies depending on access route; the database itself is updated weekly ¡ Database is searched using a controlled vocabulary called EMTREE BIOSIS/BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS ¡ Produced by Thomson Reuters ¡ Scope of coverage: life sciences (> 9000 journals) ¡ BA: agriculture, biochemistry, botany, ecology, environment, genetics, medicine, microbiology, biotechnology, pharmacology, neurology, zoology ¡ BA/RRM: international meeting literature (symposia, conference proceedings), scientific book reviews, U.S. Patents, books, research communications, bibliographies, published theses, institutional or government reports ¡ Biosis Previews: electronic version containing BA + BA/RRM ¡ Geographic coverage: international ¡ Time period covered: 1969 – present ¡ Access: print (BA; BA/RRM); CD-ROM/tape (various vendors); online ¡ Lag time: varies depending on access route ¡ The database itself is updated weekly INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS (IPA) ¡ Produced by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists ¡ Scope of coverage: pharmaceutical agents and pharmacy practice (> 800 journals) ¡ Indexes and abstracts virtually all pharmacy specialty journals published throughout the world ¡ Indexes all state pharmacy journals + identifies articles that qualify for continuing education; index meeting proceedings from major pharmacy meetings ¡ Geographic coverage: U.S.; international ¡ Time period covered: 1970 – present ¡ Access: print; CD-ROM/tape; online ¡ Lag time: varies depending on access route ¡ The database itself is updated monthly ¡ Indexed and abstracted by pharmacists ¡ Unique feature of the abstracts for clinical studies is the inclusion of the study design, number of patients, route of administration, and dosage SEARCHING MEDLINE/PUBMED MEDLINE “TEXT WORDS” ¡ Search by “text word” ¡ A “text word” search will search for that word or phrase in the following fields: title, abstract, MeSH headings and subheadings, and all other fields ¡ Disadvantages ¡ Usually results in a search strategy that is too broad in scope ¡ Often identifies articles that may be irrelevant to your topic ¡ Will miss articles that do not have the “text word” in the title, abstract, MeSH or other fields, but are indexed under related MeSH terms ¡ When should text words be used in a search strategy? ¡ Generally used when there are no MeSH headings available for a specific concept or when the MeSH is not specific enough ¡ Sometimes useful in identifying appropriate MeSH heading(s) to search under MEDLINE MESH TERMS ¡ Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) – NLM’s controlled vocabulary ¡ used for indexing articles, cataloging books and other holdings within NLM ¡ provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concepts MEDLINE SUBHEADINGS ¡ Subheadings ¡ Can be used to limit searches to a specific aspect of the MeSH heading ¡ Can be a positive (more focused) or negative (too restrictive) ¡ Caution - use of MeSH heading/subheading combinations may result in poor search results if all pertinent subheadings are not considered ¡ Adverse effect related to a drug-drug interaction BOOLEAN OPERATORS AND* OR* NOT USING BOOLEAN OPERATORS + SEARCH TERMS A and B and C (A and B) or C A and (B or C) MEDLINE SEARCHING (PUBMED) ¡ Resource: https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/pubmed/whatispubmed ¡ Medline Searching Videos on Canvas LET’S WALK THROUGH AN EXAMPLE ¡ You are an intern on your internal medicine rotation and are rounding with the academic medicine team. One of your patients has heart failure and is not responding as expected to drug therapy. The teams talks about several options, including metolazone and chlorothiazide in this scenario.You are tasked with investigating if these drugs have ever been compared in a randomized controlled trial. ¡ What search terms would you use to create this Medline search? Categorize the search terms as MeSH, supplementary concept, or text word. ¡ What filters, if any, would you use to perform this search? ¡ Provide the citation for this article SEARCH STRATEGY ¡ What search terms would you use to create this Medline search? Categorize the search terms as MeSH, supplementary concept, or text word. ¡ #1 Chlorothiazide [MeSH] ¡ #2 Metolazone [MeSH] ¡ #3 Heart failure [MeSH] ¡ #1 AND #2 AND #3 ¡ What filters, if any, would you use to perform this search? ¡ Randomized controlled trial ¡ English ¡ Human RESULTS ¡ Provide the citation for this article ¡ Cox ZL, Hung R, Lenihan DJ, et al. Diuretic strategies for loop diuretic resistance in acute heart failure: the 3T trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2020; 8(3):157-68. EXAMPLE 1 – TRY ON YOUR OWN ¡ You are an ambulatory care clinical pharmacist that also provides services to a neurology clinic. One of the physicians asks you if there are any clinical trials evaluating a new medication, Epidiolex®, for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. ¡ What search terms would you use to create this Medline search? Categorize the search terms as MeSH, supplementary concept, or text word. ¡ What filters, if any, would you use to perform this search? ¡ Provide the citation for this article (see the citing reference in canvas) EXAMPLE 2 – TRY ON YOUR OWN ¡ The physician also read a clinical trial that was published several years ago in Lancet. The trial compared teriparatide (Forteo®) with denosumab (Prolia®) as combination therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. She is really interested in the study that evaluates and reports the original data about this subject, but cannot remember, however, in which Lancet issue the article is located or who wrote the article. ¡ What is the objective for this PubMed search? ¡ What search terms would you use to find this article? Categorize the search terms as MeSH, supplementary concept, text word, journal name, author, or article title. ¡ What filters, if any, would you use to perform this search? ¡ Provide the citation for this article (see the citing reference in canvas) SECONDARY RESOURCES & PUBMED SEARCHING KRISTIN M. JANZEN, PHARMD, BCPS CLINICAL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR | PHARMACY PRACTICE