DRRR Review Notes 2024-2025 Q3 W1-W5 PDF

# Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk - To minimize vulnerabilities, disaster risks should be addressed through **prevention, mitigation, and preparedness**. - The **United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)** aims to limit the adverse impacts of hazards. - The...

# Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk - To minimize vulnerabilities, disaster risks should be addressed through **prevention, mitigation, and preparedness**. - The **United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)** aims to limit the adverse impacts of hazards. - The **Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)** focuses on strategies for reducing disaster risk. ## Disasters as Social Constructions Examples of disasters that highlight their social nature: - The **Pakistan flood**, - The **Haiti earthquake**, - **Hurricane Katrina**, - The **Japan earthquake**, and - The **Mayon eruption**. ## Reasons why the Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries: - **Population Growth**: - **Change in Land Use Patterns**: - **Migration**: - **Unplanned Urbanization**: - **Global Climate Change**: ## Disaster A disaster: - is a **sudden, calamitous event** that brings **great damage, loss, destruction, and devastation to life and property**. - is a **serious disruption of the functioning of society**, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses that exceed the affected people's ability to cope. ## Disaster Risk - The **probability** that a community's structure or geographic area will be damaged or disrupted by a particular hazard. - **Factors influencing disaster risk:** - The **nature of the hazard**. - The **construction and proximity to a hazardous area**. ## Nature of Disasters Disasters are categorized as: 1. **Natural Disasters**. 2. **Human-Made Disasters**. ## Risk-Factors Underlyng Disasters - **Severity of Exposure**: - **Gender and Family**: - **Age**: - **Developing Countries**: - **Low or Negative Social Support**: ## Effects of Disasters - **Displaced Populations**: - **Health Risks**: - **Food Scarcity**: - **Emotional Aftershocks**: # Exposure and Vulnerability ## Exposure - **Elements at risk:** - **People**: - **Properties**: - **Economic Activities**: - **Environment**: - **Public and Private Services**: - **Agriculture**: ## Vulnerability - **Increased susceptibility to the impact of hazards**. ## Elements at Risk - **Human Beings**: - **Dwellings and Households or Communities**: - **Buildings and Structures**: - **Public Facilities and Infrastructure Assets**: - **Public and Transport System**: - **Agricultural Commodities**: - **Environmental Assets**: ## Reasons why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disaster than others 1. **Demographic Factors**: - **Population density**: - **Age of population**: - **Distribution of population**: 2. **Socio-Economic Factors**: - **Wealth**: - **Education**: - **Nature of society**: - **Understanding of the area**: 3. **Community Preparedness**: - **Building codes**: - **Scientific monitoring and early warning systems**: - **Communication networks**: - **Emergency planning**: 4. **Dealing with the After Effects**: - **Insurance cover**: - **Emergency personnel**: - **Aid request**: - **Distribution**: ## Vulnerability to Specific Hazards - **Poor design and construction of buildings and other infrastructures** - **Inadequate protection measures of assets**. - **Lack of public information and awareness**. - **Limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures**. - **Disregard for wise environmental management**. ## Types of Vulnerability 1. **Physical**: - **Population density**, - **Remoteness of settlement**, - **Sites**, - **Housing**: 2. **Social**: - **Connections of people**, - **Inability of people to withstand adverse impacts**: 3. **Economic**: - **Status of the individual** 4. **Environmental**: **Natural resource depletion** ## Triagram of Disaster Risk - **Hazard**: - **Risk**: - **Vulnerability**: - **Exposure**: # Basic Concept of Hazard ## General Classification of Hazards 1. **Natural Hazards**: - **Nature and Environment**: 2. **Quasi-Natural Hazards**: - **Combination of natural and human activity**: 3. **Technological/Human-made Hazards**: - **Human activity**: ## Types of Hazards 1. **Atmospheric Hazards**: - **Single Element**: - **Excess Rainfall**: - **Freezing Rain (Glaze)**: - **Hail**: - **Heavy Snowfalls**: - **High Wind Speeds**: - **Extreme Temperature**: - **Combined Elements**: - **Hurricanes**: - **Glaze Storm**: - **Thunderstorms**: - **Blizzards**: - **Tornadoes**: 2. **Hydrologic Hazards**: - **Heat/Cold Stress**: - **Floods**: - **Wave Action**: - **Drought**: - **Rapid Glacier Advance**: 3. **Geologic Hazards**: - **Mass Movement**: - **Landslides**: - **Mudslides**: - **Avalanches**: - **Earthquake**: - **Volcanic Eruption**: - **Rapid Sediment Movement**: 4. **Biological Hazards**: - **Epidemic in humans, plants and in animals**: - **Locusts**: 5. **Technological Hazards**: - **Transportation Accidents**: - **Industrial explosions and fire**: - **Accidental release of toxic elements**: - **Nuclear accidents**: - **Collapse of public buildings**: - **Cyber terrorism**: ## Impacts of Various Hazards on Different Exposed Elements 1. **Physical Impact**: - **Death of people**: - **Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure**: - **Widespread loss of housing**: 2. **Psychological Impact**: - **PTSD**: - **Marital Conflicts**: - **Depression**: - **Chronic Anxiety**: - **Mental Disorder**: 3. **Socio-cultural Impact**: - **Displacement of population**: - **Loss of cultural identity**: - **Forced adaptation of new sets of culture**: - **Ethnic Conflicts**: 4. **Economic Impact**: - **Loss of job due to displacement** - **Loss of harvest and livestock**: - **Loss of farms, fish cages, and other sources of living**: - **Loss of money and other valuables**: 5. **Environmental Impact**: - **Loss of forest due to forest fires**: - **Loss of fresh water due to salination**: - **Disturbance of biodiversity**: - **Loss of natural rivers and other tributaries**: 6. **Biological Impact**: - **Epidemic to people, flora and fauna**: - **Chronic and permanent illnesses due to nuclear radiation**: - **Proliferation of different viral and bacterial diseases**: ## **Areas/Locations Exposed to Hazard** **Exposed to Natural Hazards**: | **Areas/Locations** | **Exposed to** | |---|---| | Coastal Areas | Strom surge, tsunami or tidal waves | | Reclaimed Areas | Flooding, sink hole | | Near fault lines | Earthquake | | On foot of denuded mountains | Mudslide/Landslide | | Near volcanoes (danger zones) | Volcanic Eruption-pyroclastic materials, lahar flow, lava flow and ash fall | | River Banks and esteros | Flooding, flash floods | | Open fields | Thunderstorm, hailstorm, blizzard | **Exposed to Man-made Hazard**: | **Areas/Locations** | **Exposed to** | |---|---| | Near Oil Depots | Oil spill, pollution | | Near Mining Projects | Toxic waste-heavy metal, lead, mercury, nitric acid, etc. | | Near Chemical Plants | Chemical fumes, chemical waste | | Near Nuclear Plants | Nuclear waste, possible technical failure, leaks, or worse accidental explosion | | Near Factories | Factory waste, pollution | | Unsafe building structures | Fire | | Public Places in Mega Cities | Terrorism |