Dr.Orange 2023 SDLE PDF Exam Questions

1-what are the teeth can be extracted in rotational movement? Upper central incisor, Lower second premolar 2-What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract upper teeth? 60 degrees 3- What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract lower teeth? 90 degree / perpendicular to...

1-what are the teeth can be extracted in rotational movement? Upper central incisor, Lower second premolar 2-What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract upper teeth? 60 degrees 3- What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract lower teeth? 90 degree / perpendicular to the floor 4-what is the correct position for right-handed operator in case of extraction upper teeth? stand on front - right side of the patient. 5- what is the correct position for right-handed operator in case of extraction lower anterior teeth? stand behind- right side of the patient. 6- what is the correct position for left-handed operator in case of extraction upper teeth? stand on front - left side of the patient. 7- what is the correct position for left-handed operator in case of extraction lower teeth? stand behind- left side of the patient. 8- in which direction is the root curvature of upper lateral incisor? Distopalataly 9-what is pericoronitis? Inflammation of the soft tissue that covered partially erupted third molar 10-how pericoronitis occurs? When the immune system reduced or when third molar partially erupted, it can lead to form pocket that lead to bacterial colonization That cause the infection 11- what is the type and most common bacteria can cause pericoronitis? Streptococci and anaerobic bacteria 12-What are the treatment modalities for pericoronitis? In case the lower is inflamed. extraction should perform to opposing upper third molar to relive the irritation. Irrigation with hydrogen peroxide or normal saline or chlorohexidine Once the inflammation reduced, extraction should be performed ‫ان اصبنا فمن اهلل وان اخطأنا فمن الشيطان‬ 14-What is the best irrigation for pericoronitis? Hydrogen peroxide 15-In which cases you must prescribe antibiotic for pericoronitis? Trismus (when the pt unable to open more than 20mm) 16- when to refer the case to oral surgeon? High fever, space infection 17-what are the indications to extract upper third molar? Recurrent pericoronitis Non treatable pulpal and periapical pathology Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Internal/ external resorption of the tooth or adjacent tooth Fracture of tooth Disease of follicle including cyst/ tumor 18-what are the indications to extract lower third molar? Recurrent pericoronitis Non treatable pulpal and periapical pathology Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Internal/ external resorption of the tooth or adjacent tooth Fracture of tooth Disease of follicle including cyst/ tumor Dr.Orange file 2023 for SDLE 1000 Q and answers from the references Contacts :Whatsapp : 0538164656 Snapchat : mohorange Reviewed by : Dr.NASSER F 1-what are the teeth can be extracted in rotational movement? Upper central incisor, Lower second premolar 2-What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract upper teeth? 60 degrees 3- What is the degree of dental chair when you going to extract lower teeth? 90 degree / perpendicular to the floor 4-what is the correct position for right-handed operator in case of extraction upper teeth? stand on front - right side of the patient. 5- what is the correct position for right-handed operator in case of extraction lower anterior teeth? stand behind- right side of the patient. 6- what is the correct position for left-handed operator in case of extraction upper teeth? stand on front - left side of the patient. 7- what is the correct position for left-handed operator in case of extraction lower teeth? stand behind- left side of the patient. 8- in which direction is the root curvature of upper lateral incisor? Distopalataly 9-what is pericoronitis? Inflammation of the soft tissue that covered partially erupted third molar 10-how pericoronitis occurs? When the immune system reduced or when third molar partially erupted, it can lead to form pocket that lead to bacterial colonization That cause the infection 11- what is the type and most common bacteria can cause pericoronitis? Streptococci and anaerobic bacteria 12-What are the treatment modalities for pericoronitis? In case the lower is inflamed. extraction should perform to opposing upper third molar to relive the irritation. Irrigation with hydrogen peroxide or normal saline or chlorohexidine Once the inflammation reduced, extraction should be performed 14-What is the best irrigation for pericoronitis? Hydrogen peroxide 15-In which cases you must prescribe antibiotic for pericoronitis? Trismus (when the pt unable to open more than 20mm) 16- when to refer the case to oral surgeon? High fever, space infection 17-what are the indications to extract upper third molar? Recurrent pericoronitis Non treatable pulpal and periapical pathology Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Internal/ external resorption of the tooth or adjacent tooth Fracture of tooth Disease of follicle including cyst/ tumor 18-what are the indications to extract lower third molar? Recurrent pericoronitis Non treatable pulpal and periapical pathology Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Internal/ external resorption of the tooth or adjacent tooth Fracture of tooth Disease of follicle including cyst/ tumor 19-what is the metamerism? when objects of different material or composition look the same under one light source but different under another. 20-what is Stephen curve? Is a graph that shown what happens after the consumption of sugar in relation to dental caries 21- how to manage dry socket? 1- clean the socket to make sure it’s free of food and other particles. This may alleviate any pain and can help prevent infection. 2- pack the socket with a medicated dressing or paste to help numb the pain 22-what is the critical PH? Below 5.5 23-what is the normal PH? 7 24-Does the healthy PH can go below 5.5? Yes it does, it goes below 5.5 with meals time and to goes up when the patient brush his teeth. 25-what are the types of biopsies? Cytology, Aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy, punch biopsy, brush biopsy and excisional biopsy 26-What is the surgical and non-surgical biopsy? Surgical biopsy procedures can be used to remove part of a suspicious area of cells. Or surgical biopsy may remove all the cells. Non-invasive biopsies are a suitable instrument for early cytologic detection 27-what is the most common benign tumor in parotid gland? Pleomorphic adenoma 28-By which nerve the parotid gland is traversed? facial nerve 29-what is the contraindication of scalpel biopsy? If the lesion located in area of important structure (ex: facial nerve) If the lesion able to proliferate and spread 30-what is the characteristic of scalpel biopsy? An excisional biopsy implies the complete removal of the lesion 31-what is the safety margin in lesion resection? according to the international guidelines, it recommends a safety margin of 2-3 millimeters to achieve complete excision 32- why the punch biopsy cannot be achieved in oral cavity? Because it should achieve in stretched and tight surface to give accuracy which is not in oral cavity 33- what is the most common type of biopsy can be achieved in oral cavity? Scalpel biopsy 34- can fine needle aspiration biopsy give you a diagnosis? No, it considered as supplemental diagnostic tool 35- when to use absorbable suture? If the pt can't come for follow up. 36- when to use non absorbable suture? In case you want the pt to come back to re-evaluate the surgery area 37- what is the disadvantages of laser and electric current? The generated heat can damage the tissue , electric current can change the sample form. 38- what is the types of surgical biopsy? incisional biopsy and excisional biopsy 39- what is the types of non-surgical biopsy? Fine needle Frozen section Brush biopsy exfoliative cytology 40- what is the red lesion that exhibit a proliferation of dendritic cell in histo pathological examination? Melanoacanthoma 41- what is the most common site of oral melanoacanthoma? buccal mucosa 42- what is the acanthosis? is a skin condition that causes a dark discoloration in body folds and creases. 43- patient came to dental clinic with asymptomatic white lesion under the tongue what is the first step if management? The best management is first to ask the patient if the lesion present for more than 2 weeks ,if yes take biopsy. 44-which teeth are more likely to have an enamel pearl? Maxillary molars 45-in which condition removal of enamel pearls is indicated? When its cause periodontal problem 46-ART known as? Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is a minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental caries and to stop its further progression 47-what is the material of choice in ART? GIC 48-what is ITR? An Interim Therapeutic Restoration (ITR) is a restoration placed on teeth to prevent the progression of caries. 49-How long can hepatitis virus survive in room temperature? up to 3 weeks 50-why in PFM the contact finish line recommended to be collarless? For esthetic purpose 51-which finish line design is the best design for collarless metal ceramic crown restoration? Shoulder design 52-what is the histopathological feature of plasma cell gingivitis? Hyperplasia and spongiosis Chronic inflammatory cells and neutrophils 53- what is the surface texture of healthy gingiva? firm texture that is resistant to movement, and the surface texture often exhibits surface stippling 54-What are the treatment modalities for plasma cell gingivitis? Taking complete history to identify the causative factor Betamethasone, fluocinonide gel Topical steroids 55-what is the most proteolytic agent? NAOCL 56-What is the most widely used irrigant? NAOCL 57-What is the disadvantages of NAOCL? inability to remove smear layer 58-In conjunction with which material NAOCL shown to remove smear layer effectively? EDTA 59-in order to what normal saline is used after using NAOCL, and why its recommended ? To flush out the residual sodium hypochlorite in the pulp to prevent buildup of oxygen and gases that may cause swelling and pressure in the area. 60- what are the ideal requirements of irrigation agent? Effective long lasting bactericidal Nontoxic, tasteless, and odorless Nonirritant to apical tissue Ability to dissolve necrotic pulp tissue remnants Ability to prevent the formation of a smear layer during instrumentation or to dissolve the latter once it has formed. 61-what is the protocol suggested in management of sodium hypochlorite accident? Immediate irrigation of canal with normal saline to dilute the sodium hypochlorite. Let the bleeding response continue to flush the irritant out. Advice ice pack compression for 24 hours (15 minutes interval) to minimize the swelling. Recommend warm, moist compress after 24 hours (15 minutes interval) 62- what does Ankylosis mean? pathological fusion between the alveolar bone and the cementum of teeth 63-what is the causative bacteria in odontogenic infection? anaerobic gram-positive cocci Streptococcus milleri group and Peptostreptococcus. Anaerobic gramnegative rods, such as Bacteroides (Prevotella) also play an important role. 64-what is the best media to store avulsed tooth? Hank's balanced salt solution 65-what is the management of tooth with incomplete root formation up to 7mm intrusion? Allow for re-eruption without intervention 66- what is the management of tooth with incomplete root formation with >7mm intrusion? Reposition surgically or orthodontically within 3 weeks 67- what is the management of tooth with complete root formation with up to 3mm intrusion and the pt is <17 years old? Allow for re-eruption without intervention 68-what is your management If there is no movement within 3 week after intrusion occurs? Initiate orthodontic repositioning 69- EDTA is: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 70- - what is the management of tooth with complete root formation between 3-7 intrusion? Reposition surgically or orthodontically within 3 weeks 71-in case of >7mm what is the management? after how long time you do splint ? Repositioning + splinting for 2 weeks (if the displacement is extensive splint for 4 weeks) 72-what is the most used agent in solving gutta percha? chloroform 73-what is the side effect of chloroform? High risk of toxicity 74-Metalic sound is a sign of? Tooth luxation 75-what is the different between subluxation and concussion? Concussion: An injury to tooth-supporting structures without abnormal loosening or displacement but with marked reaction to percussion. 2. Subluxation (loosening): An injury to the tooth-supporting structures with abnormal loosening but without clinically or radiographically demonstrable displacement of the tooth. 76- what is the different between extrusion and avulsion? Extrusion: tooth is partially displaced out of the socket Avulsion: tooth is totally displaced out of the socket 77-what does lateral luxation mean? Displacement of the tooth in either a palatal or a lingual direction and is almost associated with a dento alveolar fracture. 78-what is the color of file 30? blue 79-what is the factors that cause occlusal rest fracture? Shallow preparation Thinning of occlusal rest seat Improper centric relation 80-what is the specific area of rest fracture that mostly happen? Where it crosses the marginal ridge 81-what is the depth of occlusal rest in posterior teeth? Minimum 2.5mm 82- what is the depth of occlusal rest in anterior teeth? Minimum 1.5mm 83-the base of occlusal rest should be toward the margin and the apex toward the center and it rounded margin 84-what is the definition of retention? That quality inherent in the dental prosthesis acting to resist the forces of dislodgement along the path of placement. 85-what is the definition of stability? That quality of a removable dental prosthesis to be firm, steady or constant to resist displacement by functional horizontal or rotational stresses. 86-what is the chemical composition of enamel and what is the percent of each component? 96% minerals and 4% organic material and water. 87-what is the orthodontic appliance that used when there is forward displacement of the maxillary dental arch when the teeth in mandible do not require movement? Headgear 88-which orthodontic appliance that eliminate the possibility of undesirable forward movement of the mandible? Occipital anchorage 89-what are the types of child abuse? Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional abuse neglect 90-what are the symptoms of behcet disease? Recurrent oral ulcers Genital ulcer Anterior uveitis Posterior uveitis Other eye inflammation Folliculitis Erythema nodosum Joint stiffness Abnormal pain Meningitis Kidney disease 91-what is the particular way in diagnosis of Bechet disease? Pathergy test 92-what are the treatment modalities of behcet disease? Suppressing the immune system (corticosteroids, biologic agents, and intravenous immunoglobulins) 93-classical features of behcet disease? Recurrent oral& genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions 94-what is the clinical sign of Ludwig angina? Circumoral redness, firm, tender, bilaterally symmetrical induration of the submandibular space Gas formation(crepitus) 95-what is the Risk factor for Ludwig angina? Alcohol, smoking, poor hygiene, and tooth infection 96- A 41 years old homeless pt came to your clinic complain of difficulty in swallowing, the condition started 4 days when he noticed the difficulty in swallowing, he admits smoking 1 pack a day of cigarettes for 25 year and drink alcohol every night. Vital signs are significant for fever and mild tachycardia. And there is crepitus with circumoral redness. what is mostly like diagnosis? Ludwig angina 97-what is the triggers that started the condition above? Smoking, poor hygiene and tooth infection 98-what is the most likely causative organisms for the condition? Streptococcus species or anaerobes 99-what is the underlying pathology for above condition? Cellulitis, sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis 100- what is your plan to reduce the pain from occlusion on tooth with apical abscess? Occlusal reduction 101- presence of sinus tract as a sign of what? Chronic dental infection 102-what are the Differences between acute and chronic apical abscess? Acute apical abscess Swelling+++ Radiolucency image of bone Pain on percussion+ lysis+++ Lack of pulpal sensitivity +++ Thickening of BDL++ Pain to apical palpation+ Chronic apical abscess Presence of fistula+++ Radiolucency image of bone Lack of sensitivity+++ lysis+++ Pain to apical palpation++ Thickening of BDL+++ 103-what is the most common cause of death from Ludwig angina? asphyxiation 104- what is the next best step in management of Ludwig angina? Incision, drainage, antibiotic and tracheostomy if needed 105- Ludwig angina usually originates as a dental infection of which teeth? second or third mandibular molars 106- what is the difference between Apexogenesis and apexofication? Apexification is a method of inducing a calcified barrier at the apex of a nonvital tooth with incomplete root formation. Apexogenesis refers to a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage physiological development and formation of the root end. 107- what is the test that used to differentiate the determine either to do Apexogenesis or apexification? Vitality 108-physiological pulp closure related to? Apexogenesis 109-what is the material of choice in apexogenesis? Calcium hydroxide 110- what is the material of choice in multiple steps apexification? Calcium hydroxide 111-what are the disadvantages of multiple step apexification? Weaken the root dentin and the risk of teeth fracture Multiple visits by the patient Possible recontamination may occur 112- what is the material of choice in one step apexification? And why it’s the material of choice in apical area? MTA, this material sets in wet area which make it the material of choice in apical area 113- what is the treatment for immature non vital tooth with open apex? Apexification 114- what are the reasons of gagging in complete denture? Loose denture, poor occlusion, thick distal termination in upper denture, palatal placement of upper posteriors, low occlusal plane, overextended retro mylohyoid area, underextended denture borders and psychogenic 115-what are the causes of angular cheilitis? Decreased VD and candida 116- what is the most common causes of angular cheilitis? Fungal infection- candida 117-what are the causes of check biting in complete denture? Reduced occlusal vertical dimension 118- what is hinge movement and around which axis it is occurs? Mandibular movement around the horizontal axis is an opening and closing motion. 119-The proper interocclusal distance must be maintained in which purpose? To minimize speech problems and potential soft tissue irritation 120-Pt complain of clicking after denture delivery this indicate which condition? increased occlusal vertical dimension 121- Pt has angular cheilitis after denture delivery this indicate which condition? decreased occlusal vertical dimension 122- what is the most common dental problems in DM patient? Gingivitis and periodontitis 123-what is the treatment option for internal resorption? RCT 124-what is the recommended brushing technique for orthodontic patient? Charter brushing technique 125-how much of reduction full metal crown preparation needed? 1-1.5mm (1.5mm at functional cusps) 126-what is the functional and nonfunctional cusp in upper teeth? Palatal = functional and buccal = nonfunctional 127-in case of missing canine and you want to replace it using fixed partial denture which teeth you will use as abutment? Central and lateral and first premolar 128-‫ـ‬tooth structure is lost in facial & distal surfaces and GIC restoration in medial surface what coverage you will use in such case? Full crown 129-what is the types of metal alloys used for full metal crown? gold, palladium, nickel and chromium 130-mandibular arch is aligned but upper arch procline and patient want to treat a great overjet, what is the teeth you will extract if its class I malocclusion and there is no space? Extract the same tooth from both arches to maintain the molar relationship 131- mandibular arch is aligned but upper arch procline and patient want to treat a great overjet, what is the teeth you will extract if its class II malocclusion and no space required? Upper 4s 132- mandibular arch is aligned but upper arch procline and patient want to treat a great overjet, what is the teeth you will extract if its class II malocclusion and space is required? Upper 4s and Lower 5s 133- mandibular arch is aligned but upper arch procline and patient want to treat a great overjet, what is the teeth you will extract if its class III malocclusion and no space required? Lower 4s 134- mandibular arch is aligned but upper arch procline and patient want to treat a great overjet, what is the teeth you will extract if its class III malocclusion and a space required? Upper 5 and lower 4s 135-what is the disadvantage of silver point? Lack of rigidity, limited shelf life , lacks adhesive quality and easy displaced by pressure 136-what is the minimum dentin thickness? 0.5 mm 137-why base is indicated in top of sub-base? To protect the pulp from further insults 138- which stage of rai and grouping the patient has lymphocytes and enlarged lymph nodes, does not have an enlarged liver or spleen, anemia, or low level of platelets? Stage I 139- which stage of rai and grouping the patient has chronic lymphocytic leukemia and there are too many lymphocytes in the blood the liver or spleen is larger than normal, and the lymph nodes may be larger than normal? Stage II 140-what is the D16 of file 10 tapering 0.42? 10/100 = 0.10 16*0.02=0.32 D16= 0.42 141-Bioethics known as: Branch of applied ethics that studies the philosophical, social and legal issues arising in medicine and the life science 142- multiple sclerosis exhibits: trismus 143-what is the first sign of chemical burn? White wrinkles 144-symptomatic exposed bone and infection. pathologic fracture /extra oral fistula/osteolysis to inferior border of mandible Is a sign of which stage of MRONJ? Stage III 145-what are the treatment options when the tooth is non restorable? Tell the patient and provide different treatment options 146-what are the clamps of choice for partially erupted molar? 14A ,2A, ,8A, ,14 147-what is the common signs and symptoms of graves' disease? Anxiety and irritability, a fine tremor of the hands or fingers , heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin. 148- as which type of waste the tooth with amalgam restoration after extraction is consider? As hazard waste 149-Dental mouth mirror after use it will consider as semi critical that require high level of disinfectant (if it contaminated with blood, it considers critical) 150- A 63 old patient complaining of throbbing pain in upper left area, tooth #26 does not respond to cold and is tender to both percussion and biting, no clinical sign of swelling or sinus tract are present, what is the endodontic diagnosis of tooth #26 ? Pulp necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis 151-which level of disinfectant needed for x-ray cones and hand of light of dental chair? Intermediate level disinfection 152-what is the solution that used in intermediate level of disinfectant? Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol 70-90% 153-what is the protocol in dealing with patient with infectious disease? Treat them with precautions 154-what is the contraindications of using ultrasonic scaler? Pulmonary disease 155-what do you recommend for pediatric patient with cardiac problem regarding to brushing, and would you recommend fluoride or not? Brush twice- with fluoride 156-what makes pit and fissures sealant retentive? Etching 157-what is the c/f of pemphigus vulgaris? Irregular ulceration in the floor of the mouth, buccal and gingival margin 158-what is the treatment for pemphigus vulgaris? Corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medication (azathioprine) 159-intraepithelial clefting above the basal+ immunofluorescence biopsy is positive. this is a histological sign of which disease? Pemphigus vulgaris 160-what is the major connector of choice in present of palatal tori? Anterior- posterior palatal strap 161-what is the major connector of choice in present of lingual tori? Lingual plate 162-what are the reasons of crown fit in cast but not in the patient mouth? Shrinkage 163-what is the treatment option in case of cusps fracture and old restoration in the tooth? crown 164-in which conditions the EPT does not give you accurate reading? recently traumatize, partial necrosis , anxiety- improper isolation, contact with metal obliteration, immature apex, increase threshold 165-what is the most common test in vitality test and why it’s the mostly used? Pulp vitality tests attempt to examine the presence of pulp blood flow, as this is viewed as a better measure of true health than sensibility. 166-what is your intervention in case of disturbed GIC restoration margin under the crown? Replace with composite or amalgam 167-what are the causes of inlay fracture? Inadequate reduction 168- what are the causes of occlusal rest fracture? Inadequate reduction or preparation 169- what is the management if clasp arm break? Solder retentive arm 170-nicotine stomatitis caused due to: Chemical – extra heat 171-which type of lymphomas associated with HIV? Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 172-what is millers' grades I of mobility? Horizontal mobility ranging from 0.2 to 1 mm 173-what is the drug of choice for sinusitis if a secondary bacterial infection is developed? amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin). 174-what is type II of GIC? For restoration 175-what is the average length of central incisor? 10.4 to 13mm 176-how much should be the depth of amalgam pin? 1.5 – 2 mm 177-What is the main advantage of composite restoration? Polymerization shrinkage 178- which type of non-carious lesion may occurs as a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease that influences on the teeth? Erosion 179-dentalogy is known as? Relationship between duty and the morality of human actions 180-Nonmaleificence mean: No harm 181-Being honest and tell the truth and is related to the principle of autonomy is called: veracity 182-developmental malformation in which there is an infoldings of enamel into dentin – this is Known as: Dens invaginates 183-A rare odontogenic developmental anomaly that is found in teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump of cusp. This condition known as: Dens evaginates 184- if sudden pain and swelling with bleeding occur during RCT this is indicate for what? Perforation 185-Which fibers produced a dull aching pain? C-fibers 186-which fiber is responsible on pulpal pain? unmyelinated C fibers 187-which fiber is acting on dentinal pain? Myelinated A delta fibers 188-which teeth are more likely to be affected by dens evagination? premolars 189-Direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load bearing artificial implant. This is known as: Osteointegration 190-what is the numbers of normal CD4? 500 to 1,400 cells per cubic millimeter of blood 191-what is the activation angle of curettes? 70-80 192-what is the mostly thing to occur in case of under reduction for occlusal rest? fracture 193-what does ferrule effect mean? A minimal Hight of 1.5- 2 mm of sound tooth structure between the end of the core and the margin of the crown 194-what is ANB in class III malocclusion? <2 195-pt with cancer what supplement does he need? Vitamin A 196- in which tooth the Oblique ridge is founded? Upper first and second molar 197-The mesiobuccal cusp of the lower first molar occludes mesial to the class I position is known Class III malocclusion 198-which type of occlusion is commonly used in complete denture? balanced occlusion 199-what is the recommended treatment protocol in restoration if the remaining dentin thickness is 1mm? Sub-base + base + coronal restoration 200- what is the recommended treatment protocol in restoration if the remaining dentin thickness is >2mm? Direct coronal restoration 201-what is the muscle that pierced during inferior alveolar nerve block? buccinator muscle 202- what is the space that pierced during inferior alveolar nerve block? Pterygomandibular space 203-what is the oral manifestation of pernicious anemia? glossitis, glossodynia, recurrent ulcers, cheilitis, dysgeusia, lingual paresthesia, burning sensations, and pruritus 204- what are the Medications for pernicious anemia? Cobalamin, 205-what does Two walls defect means? vertical defected in Two walls, two walls are left 206- in which type of bony defect, Concavities in the crest of the interdental bone is present? two wall defects 207-what is the percent of osseous creator in all osseous defect? 35.2% 208- in which wall defect osseous craters is present? 2 walls defect 209-people with hemophilia have low level of which factors? VIII or IX 210-which type of hemophilia caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII? Hemophilia A 211- which type of hemophilia caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor IX? Hemophilia B 212- which jaw is more affected bt osteomyelitis? Lower jaw 213-What is biological width? Biologic width is the distance that is established by the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment to the root surface of a tooth 214-What does biological width violation means? When the margin of restoration(crown) extended to junctional epithelium+ connective tissue attachment 215-Because it is impossible for the clinician to detect where the sulcular epithelium ends and the junctional epithelium begins, it is recommended limiting subgingival margin extension about how much? 0.5-1mm subgingival 216-which fiber the cold test affect? C fiber 217-what is the most common material used in thermal test? Frozen Carbon dioxide 218-what is the limitations of EPT? Cannot gives you a correct reading if there is deep restoration or crown 219-J shaped radiolucency (tear drop) with multiple ReRCT is an indication for what? Vertical root fracture 220- Arrange the medias to save avulsed tooth from the most recommended to the least? HBSS – milk – normal saline- saliva- water 221- what is the material used in impression for the stops in denture? Vinyl polysiloxane 222-what is the percent of bone loss in pt with active periodontal disease? 0.1 to 1.0 mm by a yearly 223- which teeth are suspected to get abrasion in case of orthodontic treatment? In the surface of opposing teeth to ceramic brackets 224-What is the factors that is affect in the decision to reline an existing denture? Poor fitting of existing denture 225-if patient came back with loose upper and lower denture which one you should start? Start with upper denture 226-what is the benefit of the 4 stops in upper complete denture in relining? Increase the vertical dimension Space for new material 227-why its recommended to make four to six holes cut into the maxillary denture following the border molding and prior to making the impression? To allow the excess material to flow away 228-why HBSS is considered as the best solution to save avulsed tooth? because of its ability to provide long-term preservation of PDL cell viability 229-what are the clinical features that would indicate that a patients denture needs to be relined? Loss of retention Instability food trapping abused mucosa as a temporary measure to maintain function of an immediate denture 230-What prior procedures may be necessary for a patient with poor oral tissues underlying existing dentures? A tissue conditioning material is often used with other procedure such as surgery to return abused oral tissue to healthy state 231- what is the amount of Bone loss in natural teeth compared to implant? same 232- What are the two relining techniques, and how do they differ? Open- and closed-mouth techniques. With the open-mouth technique, the patient is instructed to come into an initial occlusal contact, so the clinician can achieve the desired vertical and horizontal relations of the dentures, and then open and remain open while the impression material is allowed to set. In the closed-mouth technique, the patient is allowed to maintain light occlusal contacts between the opposing dentures while the impression mate rial is allowed to set 233-List several differences between traditional and relative impression? a. An existing denture is used in place of the custom impression tray. b. The final impression must be completed while maintaining the correct occlusal vertical dimension and making sure that the patient remains in the centric relation position through the border molding procedures and the final set of the impression material. c. An occlusal equilibration of the existing dentures may be necessary before the reline procure to ensure adequate positioning of the dentures during the in impression procedures 234- When both dentures must be reattached, attach one denture at a time rather than trying to complete opposite lining at once. Which dentures should be lined first? Maxillary denture 235- All resin wounds on the base of the dentures must be discarded prior to using the dentures to make a final impression. Why is this important? To eliminate all resin undercuts on the denture base 236- what is the color of file 45? white 237-. What are the two methods that can be used to create a posterior palatine seal in dentures? 1)Conventional method. 2) Fluid wax technique 238- what is the different between natal and neonatal teeth? Natal teeth; teeth present at or shortly after birth Neonatal teeth; those arising within the first 30 days of life 239-when the extraction of natal and neonatal teeth is the treatment of choice? If there is difficulty in breast feeding for the mother 240- which vitamin is recommended for the child before extraction of natal or neonatal teeth? and after how many days you do extraction? Extraction can be done after 1 week Vitamin k supplement is indicated 241- how many sodium fluoride percent you find in fluoride varnish? 5% sodium 242- how many sodium fluoride percent you find in APF gel? 2.7% 243- To allow space for the impression material and reduce direct contact between the base of the denture and the underlying tissue, 1-1.5 mm of resin is removed from the denture's recessed membrane prior to making the impression. What features of dentures may become unsatisfactory and must be corrected before an impression is left? Occluding vertical dimension 244- what is the treatment of pseudo class III? Advancement of upper incisor 245- How much the distance between implant and natural tooth should be? 1.5 mm 246- what is the safest anesthesia you can give a pt with renal impairment? Lidocaine and mepivacaine 247-what is your action if instrument fractured in apical third after cleaning and shaping? Removal of the fractured file fragment should not be attempted, obturation up to the fragment is recommended 248- what is your action if instrument fractured in middle third after cleaning and shaping? Should try to bypass the broken instrument. If bypass is impossible. Obturate canal up to instrument and follow up, apical surgery should be considered 249- what is your action if instrument fractured in coronal-cervical third after cleaning and shaping? Removal of fractured instrument should be attempted with minimal dentin removal 250- what is your action if instrument fractured before cleaning and shaping have been performed? Bypass is highly recommended, if bypass was unsuccessful, inter appointment medication with ca(OH)2 for two-four weeks combined with NaOCL agitation is recommended. After obturation, follow up is obligatory. And in case of post treatment endodontic disease apical surgery should be considered. 251- what are the factors that affect in the prognosis of root perforation? Size, location, time of diagnosis and treatment, degree of periodontal damage, as well as the sealing ability and biocompatibility of the repair material. 252-you are doing RCT and suddenly perforation occurs, what is the first thing you must do? Inform athend assure thr pt and preceed your management 253-what is the most used material in case of perforation? MTA 254-pt has hypertension and he used beta blockers and metformin, many of his teeth restored with composite but three of them restored by amalgam 3 years ago and he has recently a metallic taste due to what? metformin 255- 11 years old patient with severe trismus he had trauma when he was infant, what is the most probably reason for trismus? TMJ trauma that cause ankylosis 256- Pt came to orthodontist to do ortho he has a multiple bad decayed teeth and poor oral hygiene with plaque and calculus what is the first therapy you will do after the orthodontic treatment? Scaling and root planning 257-what is the support cusp in upper teeth? maxillary palatal cusps 258- what is sickle scaler used for? Supra gingival scaling 259-Pt has fatigue and allergic to (penicillin) what should you give him? Clindamycin or erythromycin 260-what is the percentage of phosphoric acid? 37% 261- what is the splinting time for avulsed tooth? 2 weeks 262-what is the reason that ceramic crown needs to get etching not the zircon? to create the appropriate surface structure needed to maximize retention of the resin cement. 263-what is the disadvantages of Glass ionomer sealant or cement? Inadequate retention or simply lack of strength, toughness, and limited wear resistance. For instance, due to its poor retention rate, periodic recalls are necessary, even after 6 months, to eventually replace the lost sealant 264-What is the Most type of composite that can be highly polished and recommended to use on most occasions? Hybrid 265-Rubber dam with endo treatment is considered as? mandatory 266- What type of bleaching that cause external resorption? Internal bleaching 267- what is the ideal length of fiber post? 2/3 of the root 268-pt has repeated oral ulcers came with severe pain and he asked the dentist what can prevent this to happen again? Palliative therapy (acute herpetic gingivostomatitis = acyclovir ) 269- what is the treatment of choice for Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis? oral therapy with acyclovir (eg, 400 mg three times daily), famciclovir (eg, 500 mg twice daily), or valacyclovir (1 g twice daily) for 7 to 10 days 270- what do you prescribe for HIV with gingival erythema? Fluconazole 271-while you give the patient inferior alveolar nerve block the pt suddenly was unable to open his eye, this is a sign of? facial nerve paralysis 272-you do perio-surgery for patient and suddenly he felt unwell, and you measure the blood pressure, and it was 180/110, what is your management? Defer treatment 273- Pt came to your clinic complaining of loose denture while you examine the patient, pt start to cough with blood, what is your first option for management? Ask for chest x ray and consult with the physician 274- what are the oral effect of panic attach? Canker sores. Dry mouth. Lichen planus (lacy white lines, red areas or mouth ulcers on the cheek, gums, or tongue 275-what is the most clinical feature of Sjogren syndrome? diminished lacrimal and salivary gland function, xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and parotid gland enlargement. 276- why Sjogren syndrome pt more susceptible to dental caries and periodontal problem? Reduced salivary flow and changes in saliva composition make patients at a greater risk for development of dental caries 277-what is the primary cause of gingival/periodontal inflammation? Plaque 278- patient complaining of accumulation of food in embrasure, which size of interdental brush should he use? Larger to the size of tooth embrasure 279- Pt with liver cirrhosis need to extract RR, what is your first thing you must do? Monitor INR + PT test 280- What is the most affected area in the tooth of dental caries? Pit & fissure 281-what is the dental management of liver cirrhosis pt? Minimize bleeding Monitor PT/ INR & liver function tests No aspirin or NSAD Acetaminophen( with or without codeine) Antibiotics: amoxicillin is safe 282-what is the most affected smooth surface of the tooth by caries? Maxillary buccal surface 283-which tooth in primary dentition more susceptible to dental caries? Primary first molar 284-Pt came to your clinic after 5 days of ttt of class IV (mesio incisal angle of central), complaining of discoloration in the restoration what is your ttt? If there is no remaining caries and there is no gap in the restoration ,Remove the facial layer of composite then re- etch then apply layer of composite. If there is gap in the restoration and caries, remove the restoration 285- what is the natural color of the gingiva? Coral pink 286-How to differentiate between dentigerous cyst& dentinal granuloma? Dentigerous cyst = impacted or partially erupted tooth , on the crown of the tooth dentinal granuloma = erupted tooth in apical area 287-When you extract lower third molar, the incidence of which pattern of resorption will increased in lower second molar? Vertical resorption distal to second molar 288- how to calculate the width of attached gingiva? By subtracting the probing depth from the total width of the gingiva 289-What is the treatment option for Gummy smile 9mm and more? Surgical correction by le fort impaction 290-how to achieve Master cone fit in WL? Conserve the apical construction 291-How to manage the ledge in the root canal system? Pre curve the file 292- after you did cleaning and shaping there was Excessive hemorrhage uncapable to stop, and you find there is perforation in the cervical third, what is your first step of management? X ray to confirm diagnosis 293-Pt complain of pain on biting and chewing, during examination there is normal response to cold and EPT, while there is severe pain on vertical and horizontal percussion what should you do as a management? Only perio treatment, root planning 294- pt came with Missing 4 and 6, and the abutment will be 3,5and 7, what is the most suitable type of connector in this case? Non rigid connector 295-uninfected wound in which no inflammation is encountered but the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genital, or urinary tract have been entered, this type of wound known as: clean 296- one tooth buds tried to separate in two teeth but shared same root system. This is known as. Gemination 297- two tooth buds connected by dentine to form one tooth; this is known as. fusion 298-one tooth buds tried to separate in to two tooth buds, each one with different root system this is known as: Twinning 299-when two teeth union by cementum this is known as? Concrescence 300-what is your method to increase retention when you want to replace the tooth by crown, with most conservative way and least effect on the tooth? Orthodontic extrusion 301-50 years old pt came to the clinic with deep stained in first molar what is your management? Reassure the pt 302- In restorative dentistry PRR is an abbreviation for what? Preventive resin restoration 303- what is the color of file 25? Red 304- Describe the normal status of gingiva Natural coral pink gingival with no e/o inflammation 305- what is gingival inflammation score? 1 mild inflammation – slight changes in color, slight edema 2 moderate inflammation – redness edema and glazing. Bleeding upon probing 3 severe inflammation – marked redness and edema, ulceration tendency to bleed spontaneously 306- what is the sequence for try in of crown or bridge? Proximal contact Marginal integrity Stability Occlusion Characterization and glazing 307- pregnant lady in fifth month had car accident and the first incisor get fractured, what is your management? If there is pulpal involvement, we will do RCT 308- within how many days primary syphilis can disappear? 3 to 12 weeks 309- if secondary syphilis does not treat, what is most likely to occur? greater chance of progressing to the tertiary stage of syphilis. This can lead to many serious complications, including brain damage and death. 310- what are the factors can induce xerostomia? Medication, aging, cancer therapy, nerve damaging, other health condition, tobacco and alcohol use and recreational drug use 311- what is the most common disease can cause xerostomia? Sjogren syndrome 312-how to re-influence salivary flow? 1- Chewing sugar-free gum 2- Pilocarpine 3- Artificial Saliva 313-How to measure the attached gingiva? the distance from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction 314- what is the best time to do frenectomy in relation to diastema closure and why? after your orthodontist has closed the space with braces. This is more effective for two reasons. If the teeth are brought together and the frenum reevaluated it may be discovered that the tissue is not actually pushing the teeth apart at all and that the procedure may not be necessary. Second, if a frenectomy is deemed necessary after the space is closed, it is best to have the teeth in their desired positions while the tissue is healing. 315- what is the the main drug used to treat syphilis? Benzathine penicillin G 316-which oral lesion have been associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV)? Focal epithelial hyperplasia , oral condylomas, verruca vulgaris, squamous papilloma, carcinoma of the tonsil, oral carcinoma and leukoplakia it317- which oral condition does coxsackievirus cause? Herpangina and hand foot and mouth disease 318- what are koplik's spots? Yellow white ulcers with surrounding erythema that occur on the buccal mucosa 319-what are the organisms that frequently associated with Noma? Spirochetes, fusiform bacteria and other 320- what is granuloma? A granuloma is a little lump, or nodule. It is a clump of immune cells or white blood cells. Granulomas can be part of the immune system’s response to: infection, inflammation, irritants, foreign objects 321- what are Langerhans cells? Multiloculated giant cell seen in granulomas 322- in ethics, respect patient self-determinant knows as: Autonomy 323-what does "do no harm "mean in ethics? Non maleficence 324- doing what is the best for the patient known as: Beneficence 325- Effectively work team with each other is known as: collaboration 326- famous patient came to your clinic and you took a picture with him, and you send it publicly without the pt permission, which rule of ethic you violate by doing this? Confidentiality 327-where can Ectopic specious glands be found? specious gland of the skin, sweat glands ,hair follicles , nails 328-what is the most common site for the Fordyce granule in the oral cavity? Buccal mucosa 329- pt with fixed porcelain crown came to your clinic 4 days after cementation with bleeding and pain, what is the most probably cause? Violation of biological width 330- what type of occlusion should be used in full mouth rehabilitation cases? Canine guidance 331-Failure of the maxillary and mandibular portions of the first branchial arch to unite normally cause congenital defect known as:********* Macrostomia 332- by which nerve, first pharyngeal arch supplied? trigeminal Nerve 333- by which nerve upper lip supplied? The infraorbital branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve 334-In order to form which structure, the maxillary and mandibular process connect to each other? Cheek 335- by which pharyngeal arch the mouth is formed? 1st pharyngeal arch 336-what is the groove that separate between maxillary process and lateral nasal process? nasolacrimal groove 337- what is the groove that separate between medio nasal process and oral cavity? Oronasal membrane 338-what is the result of excessive fusion of two maxillary process? microstomia 339- what is the result of no connection of two maxillary process? ****** macrostomia 340-what are the 4 structures that formed by intermaxillary segment? philtrum of the lip, the maxilla and incisors, and the primary palate 341- what is the groove that separate between maxillary process and medio nasal process? Bucco nasal groove 342- what is the causes of cleft lip& palate? Genetics 343- what is the incidence of cleft lip & palate? 1:700 or 1:1000 344- which side of the lip is more likely to have cleft? Left lip 345- what is the prevalence of cleft lip & palate? Native American 3.6 per 1000 and lower frequency among African- American 0.5 per 1000 346- why F is more affected by cleft palate? ***** The palatine shelfs that form the palate, the tongue in the middle and mandible that will separate down to allow the tongue to goes downward, this period mostly take in female longer time than in male which increase the incidence of cleft palate occur 347-what is the most population suspected to have cleft palate and lip? Native American 348- what is the most craniofacial anomalies? Cleft lip with or without cleft palate 349-in case of the parents does not have either cleft palate or cleft lip, but their first child has. what is the incidence that second baby may have cleft? 5% 350- in case one of the parents has cleft palate or cleft lip, but no one of their children has cleft what is the incidence that second baby may have cleft? 5% 351- lobulated mass tumorlike growth of the oral cavity that traditionally has been considered nonneoplastic in nature known as: Pyogenic granuloma 352- What is the clinical feature of pyogenic granuloma? Red to purple Lobulated mass that is usually pedunculated , soft to palpation , size vary in from few millimeters to several centimeters 353- what is the treatment for pyogenic granuloma? no treatment indicated during pregnancy that mostly disappear after delivery in other case if its goes to fibroma indicated surgical excision scaling to subgingival area 354- what is Stage III furcation involvement? Probe go through not visible clinical 355-what are the factors that may have contributed to the development of furcation defect or that could affect treatment outcome? the morphology of the affected tooth, the position of the tooth relative to adjacent teeth, the local anatomy of the alveolar bone, the configuration of any bony defects, and the presence and extent of other dental diseases 356-what is class II furcation involvement? The prob can partially enter the furcation- extending approximately one third of the width of the tooth, not extending through to the opposite side 357- Pt came with bridge and complain of bleeding what is your first thing you should do? Remove the bridge and reassessment the perio health 358- Pt came after scaling and complain of sensitivity after 2 days, when you check intraorally you find some area is ulcerated, what is your management? Reassure the pt 359- What should you do first if you extract wrong tooth for patient? Inform the patient 360- Pt has hopeless tooth that he wants to keep it, what should you do? Explain that to the patient and give him the options and let him decide 361- HIV pt with recurrent aphthous ulcer, he used to have topical corticosteroid, what is your treatment in this case? Systemic steroids 362- Rare skin infection that occurs on the floor of the mouth, underneath to the tongue. this bacterial infection often occurs after a tooth abscess which is a collection of bus in the center of the tooth. This is known as: Ludwig's Angina 363- crenated border of the tongue is a sign of? macroglossia 364-what is the most common causes for macroglossia? Vascular malformation 365- what is the different between Hairy tongue and coated tongue? In hairy tongue there is hair like projections but there is not in coated tongue 366- with which syndrome Macroglossia mostly associated? Down syndrome 367- what is the radiographic appearance in Paget disease? Cotton wholes appearance 368-what is the first most common disease of bone metaplasia? osteoporosis 369- what is the second most common disease of bone metaplasia? Paget disease 370- in Paget disease to which jaw the macrognathia is related? maxilla 371-A rare medical condition with characteristic overgrowth of the facial and cranial bone is known as: Leontiasis ossea 372-dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea are commonly related to: Lingual thyroid 373- How to diagnose lingual thyroid? Through Iodine isotopes 374- A rare congenital birth defect characterized by an underdeveloped jaw, backward displacement of the tongue and upper airway obstruction, known as: micrognathia 375-deffeciancy in premaxilla, result in? Maxillary micrognathia 376-The congenital deformities and developmental abnormalities of the mandibular condyle can be classified as hypoplasia or aplasia, hyperplasia, and bifidity. This known as: Agenesis of condyle 377-what are the causes of Acquired micrognathia? ankylosis that occurs as a result of trauma in formation period or infection 378-erupted supernumerary rudimentary tooth of the anterior maxilla known as: mesiodens 379- rudimentary tooth situated palatal to a maxillary molar known as: Paramolar 380- what is Most common site for supernumerary teeth? Between two central incisors 381- what is the most common form for supernumerary teeth? Conical 382- what is the treatment for supernumerary teeth and what is the most suitable time for it? Extraction – early mixed dentition 383- A disorder of tooth development, the condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, and prone to rapid wear and breaks. This is known as: Amelogenesis imperfecta 384- how much of the root the permanent teeth need to erupt? 3/4 385- which permanent tooth is most likely to be missing, if first primary molar is missing? First premolar 386-In which dimension there is a decrease in peg shape lateral tooth? mesiodistal 387- why angular cheilitis most common in down syndrome pt? caused by Candida albicans as a result of drooling and immune defects in these children 388- in which tooth cusp of carabelli may present? axillary permanent molars and maxillary second deciduous molars 389-what is the most population they may have cusp of carabelli? White people 390-The accessory cusp present on the lingual surface of a mandibular lateral incisor known as: Talon cusp 391-cusplike elevation located in the central groove of mandibular first bicuspid known as: Dens evaginates 392- what is the treatment for Large dentigerous cyst? marsupialization 393-when the dentition exhibiting diffuse brownish – grayish discoloration and slight translucence. This is known as: Dentinogenesis imperfecta 394-when the dentition exhibiting normal thickness enamel, extremely thin dentin, and dramatically enlarged pulps, this is known as: Shell teeth 395-the radiographic appearance of the permanent dentition exhibiting thistle tube shaped enlargement of the pulp chambers and numerous pulp stones. This is known as Dentin dysplasia type II 396- what is the composition of dentin? 70% minerals, 20% organic material and 10% water 497- what are the genes responsible for formation of collagen type I? Col 1A1, col 1A2 398- DSPP is an abbreviation for? Dentin sialo phosphoprotein 399- the mutation affects which gen to induce dentin dysplasia II, dentinogenesis imperfecta? DSPP 400- the mutation affects which gen to induce osteogenesis imperfecta? Col 1A1, col 1A2 401- A red patch has been present foe over 3 months involving the lateral border of the tongue after removing all possible causes and at 2 follow up appointments, no change was noted, biopsy taken in the first follow up appointment did not reveal a diagnosis What is the condition that explain the finding? erythroplakia 402-pt with history of squamous cell carcinoma received radiotherapy, clinical examination revealed severe dry oral mucosa and white plaques that are easily scraped off. Further questioning revealed that his previous dentist treated him with fluconazole each time he developed the lesions with complete resolution. Pt is seeking a way to prevent this infection from recurring. Which medications would be beneficial in preventing the recurrence of infection? pilcarpine 403- What is the diameter of gates Glidden size2 in millimeter? 0.70 405-Which syndrome can be accomplished by rheumatoid arthritis? Sjogren syndrome 406- Which form of tissues is formed when there are strong carious odontoblasts are disrupted? Reparative dentine 407- Which irrigants has the highest antimicrobial activity against endodontic infection? NaOCl 408- In which conditions there is no need for antibiotic prophylaxis according to the American heart association? Coronary artery bypass graft 409- what is the disadvantage of Gutta percha? Lack of rigidity, lack adhesion to dentin, shrinkage if softened by heat or solvent 410- What type of force is likely exerted by a headgear appliance used for growth modification? Intermittent 411- why sodium hypochlorite most used irrigant solution? because of its antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution properties. 412-what does saponification reaction mean? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 413-what does neutralization reaction mean? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 414-what is the management for sodium hypochlorite accident? Irrigate the area with normal saline to decrease the NAoCl in preapical area 415-what is the most used concentration for sodium hypochlorite? 5.25% 416-How to compensate less concentration of sodium hypochlorite? It cant be 417- what are the factors that increase the efficiency of the irrigation? Cleaning and shaping Activation increasing the temperature of low-concentration NaOCl solutions EDTA 418-what is the least effective irrigant to kill E fasclis? water 419- any space may left without cleaning in root canal will considered as: space infection 420-what is the medication that has the greatest risk of an acute elevation in blood pressure with excessive of vasoconstriction? Nonselective beta blockers 421-pt came to your clinic with tooth 16 endo treated and the tooth has crown with good coronal seal and no recurrent caries but there was severe pain with percussion and palpation what is the first thing you will go to clarify your diagnosis? cone beam computed tomography 422-what is the cross sectional of the flex R file? triangular 423- A57 years old patient presented for root canal treatment of tooth #16, upon examination tooth respond normally to percussion and palpation, negative to cold and EPT, what is the diagnosis for this tooth? Necrotic pulp with normal apical tissue 424- A49 years old woman complain of sensitivity to both hot and cold liquids following the placement of full crown on tooth 17 response to both percussion and palpation were normal on application of endo ice became pt experienced lingered pain after removal of stimulus radiographically there was no evidence of osseous change what is the diagnosis? Irreversible pulpitis with normal apical tissue 425-A16 years old patient with cl 1 malocclusion and his father did not agree with proposed treatment of surgically extracted the canine, what would be the side effect for this? Resorption of adjacent lateral incisor 426-A 64-year-old man came to the clinic complains of pain related to 35 clinically there was a fluctuant swelling related to #35 non restorable with a periapical abscess, pt has diabetes type I on high dosage of insulin, he took his regular meal and insulin dose, what is the most appropriate management? Give prophylaxis antibiotic then extract tooth #35 427-After complete. Excavation of caries pulp exposure was noted on tooth #15, a 16-year-old boy, direct pulp capping was decided. Which material that is currently recommended for direct pulp capping? **** calcium hydroxide 428- A 50-year-old female came and complain of continuous burning feeling of the tongue she reports taking antibiotic as prescribed by her physician, the dentist notes a diffuse loss of filiform papilla of dorsal tongue with redness giving it a bald appearance what is the best method used to obtain and confirm the diagnosis? culture 429- what is the most root canal type difficult to instrument? Curved narrow and long 430-