Washington Driver Guide PDF

For audio: download, save, and open in Adobe Acrobat Reader DC. Press Shift + Ctrl + Y to activate Read Out Loud, Shift + Ctrl + B to begin reading, and Shift + Ctrl + C to pause. Washington State Department of Licensing Washington Driver Guide dol.wa.gov Warning Signs Winding Road Divided Highway Divided Highway Cross Road (Road) Begins (Road) Ends Merging Traffic Lane Ends Slippery Signal Ahead Merge Left When Wet Hill Two-Way School Pedestrian Traffic Crossing * Crossing * Railroad Advance Warning Soft Shoulder Added Lane Crossing Bicycles (from right, no merging required) Deer Crossing No Passing Slow Moving Zone Vehicle Curve Left 35 mph or less recommended * Color can be fluorescent green or yellow Graphics provided in cooperation with Washington State Department of Transportation. CHANGES TO THE DRIVER GUIDE, REV 3/23 The information below replaces the information found in the current guide. REAL ID UPDATE By May 7, 2025, standard driver licenses will no longer be an acceptable form of identification for boarding domestic flights and entering some secure federal facilities, like military bases and nuclear power plants. Go to Transportation Safety Administration (TSA) website (www.tsa.gov) for a complete list of federally approved forms of identification. Even though the effective date for REAL ID is May 7, 2025 it only affects people who want to travel by plane or access certain secure federal facilities. A standard driver license will work for the U.S. travel like driving in Washington, across state lines, or riding a train. Washington’s enhanced driver licenses (EDLs) are REAL ID compliant and valid for air travel within the United States. A full list of document options you need to obtain an enhanced driver license or ID card is available at www.dol.wa.gov/driverlicense/edlget.html. Visit www.realidwa.com, to view informational videos, take a quiz to help determine which ID you need, and learn more about REAL ID. PAGE 1-2 Abstract of driving record – We keep a record of license applications, traffic infractions, convictions for motor vehicle violations, collision involvement, and Failure-to-Appear notices for every driver in the state. For a fee, we are allowed to provide a copy of your record to you, an insurance carrier, an employer, and some volunteer organizations, attorneys, governmental agencies, drug/alcohol treatment agencies, and school districts where you provide transportation. A certified record is also available online at www.dol. wa.gov. PAGE 1-15 Insurance Required If you operate a motor vehicle registered in this state, you must have liability insurance and carry proof that you have such insurance. Drivers of government vehicles, mopeds, and common or contract carrier vehicles are exempt from this insurance requirement. PAGE 2-2 CHILD RESTRAINT UPDATES Infants and children under two must use a child safety restraint system in the rear-facing position. Children under four who have outgrown the height and weight recommendations of the child safety seat manufacture for rear facing must continue to use a child safety restraint system in the forward-facing position. Children four or older, until they are 4’9” tall and can properly fit the vehicle lap and shoulder belt with lap belt across their lap with knees fully bent at the end of seat and shoulder belt coming across the shoulder and not the neck, must use a booster seat. They should not move to a seat belt before they are ready per height and age, typically between 8 and 12 years. The restraint system must be used exactly and according to BOTH the safety seat AND vehicle manufacturer’s instructions. PAGE 2-10 520-400 INSERT-ENGLISH R/3/23 Vehicles equipped with lap-only seat belts are exempt from the requirement to use a booster seat. Children who have reached the maximum recommended weight of the booster seat manufacturer or are at least 4’9” who wear a seat belt, MUST use it correctly (never under the arm or behind the back) or continue to use a child safety restraint. A BOOSTER SEAT positions the seat belt so that it fits properly over the stronger parts of your child’s body, the hips and shoulder, and chest and away from the neck and belly. A SEAT BELT should lie across the hip bones and be snug across the shoulder and chest to restrain the child safely in a crash. It should not rest on the stomach area or across the neck. *Guidelines on Rear-Facing Car Seats and Forward-Facing Car Seats has not changed. See Page 2-10 in the guide. You should keep your child in each stage as long as they are within the manufacturer’s weight and height limits for that child seat or booster even if they are older than the law minimums for maximum safety. PAGE 2-10 For more information about child passenger safety, call: The Washington Child Passenger Safety Program Manager at 253-447-3257; or The Washington Traffic Safety Commission at: www.wtsc.wa.gov or 360-725-9860; or Washington State Department of Health – Safe Kids Washington at 360-236-2863 PAGE 2-11 RULES OF THE ROAD There are traffic rules that say where, when, and how fast you can drive. These rules help keep traffic moving safely. Rules of the road include traffic control devices, right-of-way, and parking rules. Move Over/Slow Down law: When passing emergency response vehicles on the side of the road with flashing lights activated, move over one lane if possible, and if not, then reduce your speed to 10 mph below the posted speed limit. Emergency response vehicles include law enforcement, fire/ambulance, incident response, highway maintenance, utility, solid waste and tow trucks. Traffic Control Devices Traffic control devices include traffic signals, signs, and pavement markings, and roundabouts. Traffic control also can be provided by law enforcement, highway construction or maintenance personnel, or school crossing guards. PAGE 3-1 SPACE FOR SPECIAL SITUATIONS There are certain drivers and other road users you should give extra room. Some are listed here. Work zones and emergency work crews with flashing lights – Crews in work zones require extra caution as travelers pass by. Motorists must obey all directions and reduce speeds in any marked work zone – for the safety of crews and everyone on the roadway. Traffic fines can double in a work zone area. PAGE 4-42 STATE OF WASHINGTON OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR Olympia, Washington 98504-0002 Message from the Governor As you begin your journey to become a licensed driver in our state, I would like to remind you how important it is to always drive responsibly and use good judgment behind the wheel. There are more than 5.5 million licensed drivers in Washington, and everyone has to learn and follow the traffic laws in the Washington Driver Guide to help us keep our communities safe. Our state has a fantastic transportation system and thousands of great destinations. Please study this guide carefully to help ensure a lifetime of safe driving. Once you get your license and hit the open road, don’t forget to share it with pedestrians and cyclists. Very truly yours, Jay Inslee Governor i Manage your driver license or ID card, cars, motorcycles, boats, trailers, and their addresses all in one place— anytime, anywhere. Go online and skip a trip to an office: We wanted to give you a different experience. Something you can use anywhere at any time, because nobody wants to visit an office when they don’t have to. The benefits: You’ll be able to see all your driving-related information in one place, including your addresses—something you can’t do with our individual online services. You’ll also see when your license or tabs are due for renewal in your personal ‘To do’ list. It’s safe and secure: We understand how important it is to protect your information. License eXpress, like all our other online services, is safe and secure. Need to get your first Washington driver license? If you are 15 years of age or older, or are new to the state, use our online pre-application service. This will save you time when you visit our office. Fill out some basic information, then come into an office to complete the process. To get started visit www.dol.wa.gov. Services Available Online For your convenience various services are available online at www.dol.wa.gov. Acceptable forms of payment for online services include Visa, MasterCard, or American Express debit or credit cards (gift cards not accepted). Please have your printer ready to print documentation if your online service requires it. Driver Licensing Renew your driver license or ID card Change your driver license/ID card address Pre-apply for your first WA driver license or ID card iii Replace a lost or stolen driver license or ID card Purchase a driving record Learn how to reinstate your license Check the status of a driver license Submit your DUI hearing request Request an Original Driver License Vehicle Registration Renew your vehicle tabs Report the sale of a vehicle Get/Update email renewal reminders (vehicles & boats) Change your vehicle address Change address: Fleets (5 or more vehicles) Renew your boat registration Calculate your vehicle tab fees Estimate your Regional Transit Authority (RTA) excise tax iv Table of Contents THE DRIVER LICENSE Washington Residents......................................................... 1-1 New Residents...................................................................... 1-1 Nonresidents and Visitors................................................... 1-1 Real ID.................................................................................. 1-2 Types of Driver Licenses...................................................... 1-3 Getting Your License........................................................... 1-4 Proof of Identity and Proof of Residence............................. 1-7 Vision and Medical Screenings........................................... 1-7 The Knowledge Test............................................................. 1-8 The Driving Test.................................................................. 1-8 Your Photograph.................................................................. 1-9 Driver License Renewal.................................................... 1-10 Replacement License......................................................... 1-11 Change of Address or Name.............................................. 1-11 Keeping Your Driver License............................................ 1-11 Failure to Appear............................................................... 1-13 Sex-Offender/Kidnapping Offender Registration............. 1-13 Other Licensing Services................................................... 1-14 BEFORE YOU DRIVE Understand Risk.................................................................. 2-1 Insurance Required.............................................................. 2-2 Check the Vehicle................................................................. 2-2 Secure Your Load................................................................. 2-5 Clean Glass Surfaces........................................................... 2-7 Adjust Seat and Mirrors...................................................... 2-7 Always Use Seat Belts and Child Restraints..................... 2-8 RULES OF THE ROAD Traffic Control Devices........................................................ 3-1 Traffic Signals...................................................................... 3-1 Traffic Signs......................................................................... 3-2 Pavement Markings............................................................. 3-9 Roundabouts...................................................................... 3-12 Reversible Lanes................................................................ 3-13 Reserved Lanes.................................................................. 3-14 Two-Way Left Turn Lanes................................................. 3-14 Hot Lanes & Express Toll Lanes....................................... 3-15 General Rules..................................................................... 3-15 v Ferries................................................................................. 3-19 Turning............................................................................... 3-20 Low-speed Battery Electric Vehicles............................... 3-21 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations................................... 3-22 Right-Of-Way..................................................................... 3-23 Parking............................................................................... 3-27 Parking on a Hill................................................................ 3-28 Parallel Parking................................................................. 3-29 SAFE DRIVING TIPS Starting................................................................................. 4-1 Accelerating.......................................................................... 4-1 Steering................................................................................ 4-1 Speeding and Speed Limits................................................ 4-2 Stopping................................................................................ 4-3 Seeing Well........................................................................... 4-4 Distracted Driving............................................................... 4-4 Personal Electronic Devices................................................ 4-5 Other Distracted Driving Laws........................................... 4-6 Collisions and Roadside Activity......................................... 4-6 Scanning............................................................................... 4-7 Use Your Lights................................................................. 4-14 Letting Others Know You Are There................................ 4-14 Letting Others Know What You Are Doing...................... 4-18 Adjusting to Road Conditions............................................ 4-19 Adjusting to Traffic............................................................ 4-21 How Well Can You See?..................................................... 4-23 Keep Right Except to Pass................................................. 4-25 Sharing Space..................................................................... 4-25 Space Ahead....................................................................... 4-26 Space Behind...................................................................... 4-27 Space to the Side................................................................ 4-28 Space to Merge................................................................... 4-30 Space to Cross or Enter..................................................... 4-30 Space to Pass...................................................................... 4-31 Space for Bicyclists............................................................ 4-33 Bicyclist Responsibilities................................................... 4-35 Sharing the Road with Motorcycles.................................. 4-38 Motorcycle Responsibilities............................................... 4-38 Large Vehicles.................................................................... 4-40 Space for Special Situations.............................................. 4-42 Avoiding Run-Off-the-Road Collisions.............................. 4-43 vi IN SHAPE TO DRIVE Vision.................................................................................... 5-1 Hearing................................................................................. 5-3 Fatigue................................................................................. 5-3 Drinking Alcohol and Driving............................................. 5-4 Why Is Drinking and Driving So Dangerous?.................... 5-4 When You Drink, Can You Drive?...................................... 5-5 Marijuana............................................................................. 5-6 Other Drugs......................................................................... 5-7 Alcohol/Drugs and the Law................................................. 5-8 Restricted Driver Licenses................................................ 5-10 Probationary Licenses....................................................... 5-11 Deferred Prosecution......................................................... 5-12 Juvenile Alcohol / Drug / Firearms Violations.................. 5-12 Health................................................................................. 5-12 Emotions............................................................................. 5-13 Road Rage........................................................................... 5-14 EMERGENCIES Brake Failure...................................................................... 6-1 Tire Blowout........................................................................ 6-1 Power Failure...................................................................... 6-2 Headlight Failure................................................................ 6-2 Gas Pedal Sticks.................................................................. 6-2 Avoiding Collisions.............................................................. 6-2 Stopping Quickly................................................................. 6-2 Turning Quickly.................................................................. 6-3 Speeding Up........................................................................ 6-4 Dealing with Skids............................................................... 6-4 Protecting Yourself in Collisions........................................ 6-5 Collisions............................................................................. 6-6 At the Collision Scene......................................................... 6-6 If Someone Is Injured.......................................................... 6-7 Reporting the Collision....................................................... 6-7 Emergency Notification System.......................................... 6-8 VEHICLE LICENSING Registration.......................................................................... 7-1 What You Need to Bring...................................................... 7-1 Certificate of Ownership (Title)........................................... 7-2 Report of Sale....................................................................... 7-3 Vehicle License Plates......................................................... 7-3 vii Disclaimer This guide should not be used as a basis for legal claims or actions. Traffic regulations in cities, towns, and counties may go beyond state laws but cannot conflict with them. If you are interested in specific laws relating to motor vehicle operation and driver licensing, refer to Title 46 RCW, Motor Vehicles. Please read it carefully. We welcome your written comments or suggestions. Your comments should be addressed to: Driver Examining Department of Licensing PO Box 9030 Olympia, WA 98507 You can always find the most recent version of this guide as well as other current information on our website at www.dol.wa.gov. We are committed to providing equal access to our services. For information go to dol.wa.gov/access (TDD/TYY call 711). viii THE DRIVER LICENSE You must have a valid driver license to legally operate a motor vehicle, motorcycle, moped, or motor-driven cycle on public roadways in Washington State. Washington Residents To legally operate a vehicle on public roadways, Washington residents must hold a Washington State driver license. You are a resident if you do any of the following: register to vote in this state. receive payments, financial aid, or other public welfare benefits from the state or a local government. get any state license at the resident rate. pay in-state tuition fees as a student. intend to live in this state for more than six months in any one year. New Residents You must get a Washington State driver license within 30 days of the date you become a resident. You may not need to take the knowledge test or the driving test if your out-of-state license is valid when you apply for a Washington license. If you are under 18, you must show proof that you have completed a driver-training course meeting Washington State standards before we will issue a Washington intermediate driver license. Visit www.dol.wa.gov for more information about our driver-training requirements. Nonresidents and Visitors If you are a nonresident or a short-term visitor, you can operate a motor vehicle in this state if you have a valid driver license from your home state, province, territory, or country and you are at least 16 years old. This applies to: 1-1 members of the Armed Forces on active duty or members of a foreign military on temporary duty with the Armed Forces, as well as their spouses and children. students who are here to further their education and who are considered nonresidents for tuition purposes. employees of companies licensed to do business in Washington State, who are here for a short time to receive or give job instruction. foreign tourists, teachers, or business people who are here for up to one year. Real ID By May 3, 2023 standard driver licenses will no longer be an acceptable form of identification for boarding domestic flights and entering some secure federal facilities, like military bases and nuclear power plants. Go to Transportation Safety Administration (TSA) website (www.tsa.gov) for a complete list of federally approved forms of identification. Even though the effective date for REAL ID is May 3rd, 2023 it only affects people who want to travel by plane or access certain secure federal facilities. A standard driver license will work for the U.S. travel like driving in Washington, across state lines, or riding a train. Washington’s enhanced driver licenses (EDLs) are REAL ID compliant and valid for air travel within the United States. A full list of document options you need to obtain an enhanced driver license or ID card is available at dol.wa.gov/get-edl. Visit www.ID2023wa.com, to view informational videos, take a quiz to help determine which ID you need, and learn more about REAL ID. For more information about REAL ID and what it means for Washington, visit dol.wa.gov/real-id. 1-2 Types of Driver Licenses Instruction Permit – This permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle within Washington State while you are being supervised by a licensed driver with at least five years of licensed driving experience. The licensed driver must sit in the right-front passenger seat. This permit might not be valid in another state. Contact the intended state of travel to determine if they honor the document. Intermediate Driver License – If you are 16 or 17 and meet the requirements, we will issue you an intermediate license with restrictions meant to ease you into your responsibilities as a driver. Standard Driver License – This allows you to operate a motor vehicle on public roadways. Your license is valid for up to six years from the date of your last birthday. If you are 16 or 17 years old, you will first receive an intermediate driver license. The standard driver license is not Real ID compliant. Enhanced Driver License – Washington’s enhanced driver license (EDL) and identification card (EID) are REAL ID compliant and valid for air travel within the United States and can be used to cross the borders of Canada and Mexico by land or sea. For more information, visit our website or see the Enhanced Driver License and ID card brochure available at any of our offices. Motorcycle or Trike Instruction Permit – These allow you to operate a motorcycle or a three-wheeled motorcycle-based vehicle on public roadways. For more information, visit www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/motoendorsement.html. Commercial Learner Permit (CLP) and Commercial Driver License (CDL) – These allow you to operate a commercial vehicle on public roadways. For more information, see the Commercial Driver Guide available at www.dol.wa.gov or at any driver licensing office. 1-3 Getting Your License You can get an instruction permit or a driver license at any driver licensing office. Some offices do not offer testing, so before you come in, be sure the one you plan to visit offers the testing you need. In an effort to reduce wait times, legislation was passed to allow driver training schools, licensed by the Department of Licensing, and school districts that offer a traffic safety education program, under the supervision of the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, to administer driver licensing examinations. A list of approved schools, as well as driver licensing offices, can be found on our website. Please contact an approved school for their specific testing requirements. To be issued an instruction permit, you must: be at least 15-1/2 years old (or 15 years old if enrolled in an approved driver-training course); pass the knowledge test (unless enrolled in an approved driver-training course); complete the vision and medical screenings, and; pay an application/examination fee. If you are under 18, you must also bring your parent or guardian with you to the licensing office when you apply. They must show proof of identity and proof of relationship to you and must also sign a Parental Authorization Affidavit. When last names are different, we require more documents proving relationship. The permit is valid for one year and you can renew it. If you are enrolled in an approved driver-training course you can get an instruction permit at age 15. You will need a waiver from your school, allowing you to apply for the permit up to 10 days before the class starts. The waiver allows you to be issued a permit without taking the knowledge test, however, you will be required to take the knowledge and skills test as part of your future license application. 1-4 To be issued an intermediate driver license, you must: be between the ages of 16 and 18 years old. show us proof that you have passed an approved driver- training course with at least 30 hours of classroom and six hours of behind-the-wheel instruction. get the consent of your parent or guardian. pass the medical and vision screenings, the knowledge test, and the driving test. have had an instruction permit for at least six months. show us that your parent or guardian certifies you have had at least 50 hours of driving experience, including 10 hours at night, which you gained while a licensed driver with at least five years of licensed driving experience supervised you. not have been issued a traffic ticket that is pending when you apply for your license. not have been convicted of and must not have been found to have committed a traffic violation within the last six months before the day you apply for your license. not have been convicted of and must not have been found to have committed an offense involving the use of alcohol or drugs while you had an instruction permit. provide your Social Security number, which we will verify when you apply for a driver license (42 USC 405 and 666(a) (13), RCW 26.23.150). If you have not been issued a number, you can sign a Social Security Number Declaration. An intermediate license comes with these driving restrictions: you cannot drive between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. unless you are with a parent, a guardian, or a licensed driver who is at least 25 years old. for the first six months, no passenger under the age of 20 may be with you while you drive unless that person is a member of your immediate family. 1-5 for the remaining time, no more than three passengers under the age of 20 may be with you while you drive unless they are members of your immediate family. may not use a cell phone or other wireless communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the holder is using the device to report illegal activity, summon medical or other emergency help, or prevent injury to a person or property. There are tough penalties in the first year: First violation – the passenger and nighttime restrictions are extended until age 18 and a warning letter is sent to you and your parent or guardian if you receive a ticket for violating the restrictions or any other traffic law or you are involved in an collision where: –– you receive a ticket. –– you are determined to have caused the collision. –– no one involved in the collision receives a ticket. –– no one was found to cause the collision. –– only your car was involved in the collision. Second violation – you are suspended for six months (or until age 18 if that comes first). Third violation – you are suspended until age 18. You and your parent, or guardian, are notified before any suspension action is taken. On your 18th birthday, your license will become a standard driver license without the intermediate license restrictions. You do not need to visit a driver licensing office to make this change. To get a standard driver license, you must: be at least 18 years old. show us acceptable proof of identity and age. 1-6 provide your Social Security number, which we will verify when you apply for a driver license (42 USC 405 and 666(a) (13), RCW 26.23.150). If you have not been issued a number, you can sign a Social Security Number Declaration. show us acceptable proof of Washington State residence. pay an application/examination fee. pass the medical and vision screenings, the knowledge test, and the driving test. turn in any other driver licenses. not have a currently suspended, revoked, or cancelled driving privilege. pay the licensing fee. You can get a first driver license without showing complete proof of identity, though you must show proof of your name of record and date of birth. The license will be marked “Not Valid for Identification” until you show us complete proof of identity. Proof of Identity and Residency To get your license, you will need to show proof of identity and proof of Washington state residency. Our identification requirements can be complex. We recommend visiting our website at www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/ gettingalicense.html to understand what you’ll need to provide to get your license. Vision and Medical Screenings We will check your vision before we issue a license. If corrective lenses are used to meet vision standards, your license will reflect this with the appropriate restriction. We will also ask you whether you have a mental or physical condition or are taking any medication which could impair your ability to operate a motor vehicle. If so, we may require you to be examined by an eye care or medical specialist before we proceed with your application. 1-7 The Knowledge Test The knowledge test is used to ensure you understand road signs, traffic laws, and safe-driving practices before you drive on the roadways. Everything you must learn to pass the test is in this guide. You may take the test at any approved driver training school in the state. If you take your test at a driver licensing office that offers testing, it will be taken on a computer unless you need special accommodation. It is a multiple-choice test with 40 questions, and you must correctly answer 32 of them to pass the test. A passing test score is good for two years. The Driving Test The driving test is used to ensure you are able to legally and safely drive on the roadways. An examiner will ride with you to ensure that the vehicle is safe to drive, that you maintain control of the vehicle, and that you obey the rules of the road. The examiner will not try to confuse or trick you, and will not ask you to do anything that is illegal. You may ask questions before the test begins; once the test has begun, any unnecessary talking will only cause distractions for you and the examiner. Scoring is done throughout the test. If you are testing for a Washington License, you must: first pass the knowledge test. bring a vehicle. It must be legally licensed and registered, and it must not have defective parts. All brakes, brake lights, turn signals, tires, seat belts, and windshield wipers will be checked before the test begins. present acceptable proof of liability insurance showing the policy holder’s name or the vehicle’s description and the dates of insurance coverage. Only you, the examiner, a service animal, and an interpreter for the deaf or hard of hearing are allowed in the vehicle during the test. Foreign language interpreters, parents, children, or pets cannot be in the vehicle. 1-8 During the test, you must: show correct arm and hand signals when asked to do so. You may use automatic signals during the test. You must use hand signals when signal lights cannot be seen by other drivers. Signal even when no one is nearby to see it. turn your head and look to the rear for motor vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians when you are backing your vehicle. If you cannot see through the rear window, use the side windows and mirrors. Do not back the vehicle until you can do so safely. stop completely at all stop signs and signals. Do not stop in crosswalks or beyond stop lines. obey all rules of the road. be attentive to surrounding motor vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. demonstrate safe driving habits throughout the test. If testing with a driver training school you will need to schedule an appointment with the school to complete the required tests. If testing with the Department of Licensing, you may make an appointment for the driving test only after you have passed the knowledge test and provided proof of residency. You should arrive 15 minutes early for your driving test. Let us know you have arrived, if we have requested that you do so. For the list of testing locations in the area you live in visit the website at www.dol.wa.gov. Your Photograph Your new driver license, instruction permit, or ID card will include a photo showing a full front view of your face. Before we take your photo, we will ask you to remove anything that obstructs a full view of your face and head (like a hat, sunglasses, or hair in the face). If you choose not to remove it, your license will be marked “Not Valid for Identification.” We will make exceptions for medical and religious reasons. 1-9 As part of our ongoing efforts to uphold the integrity of Washington documents and prevent fraudulent activity, an accurate and non-obtrusive Facial Recognition System (FRS) is used. The FRS works behind the scenes after you have a taken your photo, constructing a unique digital template developed from facial features that are difficult to alter (eye sockets, cheekbones, and sides of your mouth). Your unique template is then compared against all other templates in our database and any possible matches that are detected will be reviewed by specially-trained Department of Licensing (DOL) staff. Use of this system and its results are not shared with other agencies without a court order unless DOL has determined that an applicant has committed a prohibited practice under RCW 46.20.0921. Driver License Renewal Your renewed license can be valid for up to six years and will expire on your birthday. You may renew up to one year before your license expires. We will mail a courtesy reminder notice to your address of record six weeks before your license expires. The notice will inform you if you may renew online, by mail, or if you must instead renew in-person at a driver licensing office. If you renew in-person, bring your current license or other proof of identity. If you wear contact lenses or glasses, bring them with you for the vision test. We may also require you to take the knowledge and driving tests. 1-10 In addition to the cost for a license renewal, you will pay additional fees if you have motorcycle or CDL endorsements. If you renew your license more than 60 days after it has expired, you must pay an additional late fee. Replacement License If your license is lost, stolen, destroyed, or illegible, you may apply for a replacement at any driver licensing office, or request a duplicate online at www.dol.wa.gov. Visit our website for information about identity theft and fraud. Change of Address or Name You must notify the Department within ten days of: an address change. a legal name change. A name change may only be made in-person and you must bring documents proving identity in your new name. Address changes can be done online at www.dol.wa.gov. Washington State requires that all documents, other than ID cards, list your physical Washington residence address. A separate mailing address can be added in addition to the physical address upon request. Your driver license, identification card, or instruction permit will be sent to your mailing address if one is provided. Keeping Your Driver License To keep your driver license, you must drive safely at all times. You can lose your license for: driving or being in physical control of a vehicle while you are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. refusing to allow a police officer to test you for alcohol. leaving the scene of a collision in which you were involved, without first identifying yourself. 1-11 giving false information when you apply for a license. being involved in a collision when you are uninsured. We may suspend the license of an uninsured driver, and/or owner, involved in a collision for up to three years. Also, failing to settle a civil court judgment resulting from the collision can result in a suspension for 13 or more years. failing to appear and complete a reexamination that we have requested within the required period of time. using a motor vehicle to commit a felony or for causing the death of someone in a motor vehicle collision. having too many moving traffic violations on your driving record (Habitual Traffic Offender). reckless driving or reckless endangerment of a roadway worker. racing, vehicular assault, or vehicular homicide. trying to elude a police vehicle. leaving a gas station without paying for fuel you have pumped. failing to appear or failing to respond to a traffic citation or Notice of Infraction for a moving traffic violation. driving while your license is suspended, revoked, cancelled, or denied. carrying a license that shows a false name, incorrect information, or fraudulent alterations. lending a license to another person or for using another person’s license. using a driver license issued by another state while your driving privilege in Washington is suspended. receiving two or more traffic offenses while driving with an intermediate license. making, selling, or delivering a forged, false, counterfeit, altered, blank, or unlawfully issued driver license or identification card. 1-12 Failure to Appear A Failure to Appear (FTA) notice is the result of failing to appear for, comply with, respond to, or pay a traffic infraction or criminal citation for a moving traffic offense. If you get a ticket, instructions to help you comply will be printed on the back. If you don’t comply within 15 days, the court notifies us and we will mail you a Notice of Suspension. You then have 45 days to comply or we will suspend your driving privilege. You also have the right to request an administrative review. If you comply within the 45 days, the suspension will not go into effect. If you do not comply, we will suspend your driving privilege and you must not drive. You may be arrested and your vehicle may be impounded if you are caught driving while your privilege is suspended. An FTA violation will prevent us from issuing any license until it has been resolved and an adjudication is presented. Suspensions resulting from FTA violations will require a reissue fee in addition to the cost of your service. A reissuance of the license is required after your driving privilege has been released from a suspension. Check Online Services (Learn how to reinstate your license) before arriving at your local office. Sex-Offender/Kidnapping Offender Registration State law requires state and local departments to notify the county sheriff of any person residing in this state who has been found to have committed or been convicted of any sex or kidnapping offense. Sex offenders and kidnapping offenders in Washington State must register within three business days of establishing, or re-establishing, residence. The duty to register under this requirement applies to those convicted under the laws of another state, foreign country, federal or military statutes, or Washington State law. Out-of-state offenders must register if convicted of any federal or out of state offenses that would be classified as a sex or kidnapping offense under Washington State laws, or the state of conviction, unless a court in the state of conviction has determined the offender 1-13 should not be required to register. These persons must register with the sheriff of the county in which they reside. Failure to register may result in criminal prosecution. Contact your county sheriff for information. Other Licensing Services Identification cards – We issue photo identification cards to non-drivers of any age. You must show the same identification that we require for a driver license. Voter registration – You may register to vote at any driver licensing office if you meet the following requirements. You must be: a United States citizen whose civil rights are not currently revoked. a Washington State resident. at least 18. If you have moved, you may change your voter registration at the same time you submit a change of address. Federal Selective Service System Registration – All male applicants applying for a driver’s license, instruction permit, intermediate license, and ID card who are under the age of 26 must be given the opportunity to register with the Selective Service System (SSS). An applicant who declines to register with the SSS may not be denied the requested document if they meet all of the other requirements to receive the requested document. Organ Donor Program – We will ask if you wish to be an organ donor at the time of issuance. The donor symbol will appear on your license and your information will be given to the donor registry to ensure your wishes will be carried out. For more information, call LifeCenter Northwest at 1-877-275-5269 or visit the registry website at www.donatelifetoday.com. Twin Registry – We will ask you if you are a twin or triplet in cooperation with the University of Washington. The university has the largest twin registry in the United States. The registry is helpful for medical research to help determine if a disease is 1-14 caused by environmental factors or genetics. If you have any questions about the Twin Registry please call the University of Washington at 1-888-223-0868. Abstract of driving record – We keep a record of license applications, traffic infractions, convictions for motor vehicle violations, collision involvement, and Failure-to-Appear notices for every driver in the state. For a fee, we are allowed to provide a copy of your record to you, an insurance carrier, an employer, and some volunteer organizations, attorneys, governmental agencies, drug/alcohol treatment agencies, and school districts where you provide transportation. A certified record is also available online at www.dol.wa.gov.” 1-15 that works best for you! Standard Driver License/ID Enhanced Driver License/ID (not Real ID compliant) (Real ID compliant) Operating a motor Operating a motor vehicle (driver license vehicle (driver license only) only) Domestic air travel Domestic air travel (until Sept 30, 2020) Access to federal Access to federal facilities that don’t facilities that don’t require ID require ID Access to federal Access to federal facilities that require ID facilities that require ID International border International border crossing by land or sea crossing by land or sea For more information: www.dol.wa.gov BEFORE YOU DRIVE Your safety and that of the public can depend on what you do before and while driving. Things like adjusting the seat, mirrors, using safety belts, checking your vehicle, locking your doors, maintaining a clear view, and securing items in and on the vehicle minimizes the risk you present out on the road. Understand Risk Risk is generated by all three components of the Highway Transportation System: the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway environment. Even though risk is always present, driving safely can reduce it. As a driver, you should try to do everything possible to reduce risk. The more risk factors that are present, the more likely it is that you will be involved in a collision. Keeping the vehicle in good working order and wearing seat belts can reduce risk. Safe driving habits will also protect you and reduce risk. Each year from 2009 to 2011, an average of 469 people died and 2,421 people were seriously injured on Washington’s roadways. Even though every collision is different, here are the most common factors that are present in fatal crashes: Driver impairment: 50.1% Running off the roadway: 43.7% Speeding: 39.5% Young driver (16-25 years old): 34.6% Driver distraction: 30.3% Unrestrained occupants: 24.8% Errors at intersections: 20.6% Overall, at least one of the top three factors was present in 72% of all traffic fatalities, and 17% involved all three. Young drivers face increased risks due to their inexperience. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young people ages 16 to 25 in Washington. Drivers in this age group 2-1 have the highest crash rate, and the highest rates of speeding, impaired driving, and distracted driving of any driver age group in the state. From 2009-2011, nearly 35% of traffic fatalities involved a young driver age 16 to 25. In that same time frame, young drivers were involved in 38% of all serious injury collisions even though they only represented 14% of the driving population. If you are a young driver, you should be aware of the increased risks you face. Following all traffic laws and making safe driving decisions will help you avoid a crash. Insurance Required If you operate a motor vehicle registered in this state, you must have liability insurance and carry proof that you have such insurance. Drivers of government vehicles, mopeds, and common or contract carrier vehicles are exempt from this insurance requirement. You must have an automobile liability policy or bond from a state-approved insurance or surety company that provides the following: $25,000 or more, payable for the bodily injury or death of one person in a collision in which only one person was injured or killed. $50,000 or more, payable for the bodily injury or death of two or more persons in any one collision, and; $10,000 or more, payable for injury to or destruction of property of others in any one collision. Check the Vehicle Your safety and minimizing risk on the road, starts with the vehicle you are driving. It is the duty of drivers to make certain that the vehicles they drive are safe to operate. A vehicle that is not working properly creates risk, is unsafe, and costs more to run than one that is maintained. It can also break down or cause a collision. If a vehicle is not working well, you might not be able to get out of an emergency situation. A vehicle in good 2-2 working order can give you an extra safety margin when you need it most. You should follow the recommendations in your vehicle owner’s manual for routine maintenance. Some you can do yourself and some must be done by a qualified mechanic. A few simple checks will help prevent trouble on the road. Braking system – Only your brakes can stop your vehicle. It is very dangerous if they are not working properly. If they do not seem to be working properly, are making a lot of noise, smell funny, or the brake pedal goes to the floor, have a mechanic check them. Lights – Make sure that turn signals, brake lights, tail lights, and headlights are operating properly. These should be checked from the outside of the vehicle. Brake lights tell other road users that you are stopping and turn signals tell them you are turning. Passenger trucks, cars, vans, and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) manufactured after 1993 must have a third rear brake light mounted high in the center of the vehicle. A misaligned headlight can shine where it does not help you and may blind other drivers. If you are having trouble seeing at night or if other drivers are constantly flashing their headlights at you, have a mechanic check the headlights. Windshield and wipers – Damaged glass can easily break in a minor collision or when something hits the windshield. Have a damaged windshield repaired or replaced. Windshield wipers keep the rain and snow off the windshield. Some vehicles also have wipers for rear windows and headlights. Make sure all wipers are in good operating condition. If the blades are not clearing water well, replace them. Tires – Worn or bald tires can increase your stopping distance and make turning more difficult when the road is wet. Unbalanced tires and low pressure cause faster tire wear, reduce fuel economy, and make the vehicle harder to steer and stop. If the vehicle bounces, the steering wheel shakes, or the vehicle pulls to one side, have a mechanic check it. 2-3 Worn tires can cause hydroplaning and increase the chance of a flat tire. Check the tread with a penny. Stick the penny into the tread, head first. If the tread does not come at least to Lincoln’s head (2/32 inch), the tire is illegal and unsafe and you need to replace it. Check tire air pressure with an air pressure gauge when the tires are cold. Check the vehicle owner’s manual for the recommended pressure. Steering system – If the steering is not working properly, it is difficult to control the direction you want to go. If the vehicle is hard to turn or does not turn when the steering wheel is first turned, have the steering checked by a mechanic. Never turn your vehicle’s ignition to the “lock” position while it is in motion. This will cause the steering to lock if you try to turn the steering wheel and you will lose control of your vehicle. Suspension system – Your suspension helps you control your vehicle and provides a comfortable ride over varying road surfaces. If the vehicle continues to bounce after a bump or a stop, or is hard to control, you may need new shocks or suspension parts. Have a mechanic check it. Exhaust system – The exhaust system helps reduce the noise from the engine, helps cool the hot gases coming from the engine, and moves these gases to the rear of the vehicle. Gases from a leaky exhaust can cause death inside a vehicle in a very short time. Never run the motor in a closed garage. If you sit in a vehicle with the motor running for a long time, open a window. Some exhaust leaks are easily heard but many are not. This is why it is important to have the exhaust system checked periodically. Engine – A poorly running engine may lose power that is needed for normal driving and emergencies, may not start, gets poor fuel economy, pollutes the air, and could stall when you are on the road causing you and traffic a problem. Follow the procedures recommended in the owner’s manual for maintenance. 2-4 Horn – The horn may not seem like it is important for safety, but as a warning device, it could save your life. Only use your horn as a warning to others. Loose objects – Unsecured objects, such as groceries or luggage, can become dangerous in a collision or a sudden stop. Put loose objects into the vehicle’s storage compartments or trunk. If this isn’t possible, secure the objects in place. Make sure there are no objects at your feet or under your seats that could roll under the pedals or distract you while you drive. Litter – The fines for littering are severe. Vehicle drivers and passengers should always properly dispose of all waste paper, glass, plastic, and potentially dangerous materials. Secure Your Load Driving with an unsecured load is both against the law and extremely dangerous. Drivers who fail to properly secure their SECURE load may face a costly fine and jail time if they cause a crash. According to the YOUR LOAD Washington State Department of Ecology, roughly 40% of highway litter comes from unsecured loads, which causes hundreds of crashes per year on our roadways. A load must be securely fastened and is only considered secure when nothing can slide, shift, fall, or sift onto the roadway, or become airborne. To secure the load in your vehicle or trailer: Tie it down with rope, netting, or straps. Tie large objects directly to your vehicle or trailer. Consider covering the entire load with a sturdy tarp or netting. Don’t overload your vehicle or trailer. Always double-check your load to make sure it’s secure. Don’t forget that animals should also be properly secured. 2-5 Before you drive, ask yourself these questions: Is there any chance of debris or cargo falling or blowing out of my vehicle? Is my load secured at the back, sides, and top? What would happen to my load if I had to brake suddenly, I hit a bump, or another vehicle hit me? Would I want my loaded vehicle driving through my neighborhood? Would I feel safe if I were driving behind my vehicle? Maria’s Law In 2004, a young woman was critically injured on I-405 in Renton when an entertainment center fell from the back of a trailer being pulled by a vehicle in front of her. A 2-by-6-foot piece of particle board flew through her windshield, hitting her in the face. She permanently lost her eyesight and has endured numerous surgeries including complete facial reconstruction. As a result of this tragic incident and others like it, Washington passed “Maria’s Law” in 2005, which made failing to properly secure a load a crime in Washington State. A person who causes an injury or death by failing to secure a load properly can be charged with a gross misdemeanor and can face a maximum penalty of one year in jail and a $5,000 fine. A driver whose unsecured items cause property damage can be charged with a misdemeanor. You can view a video by the Washington State Patrol about securing your load at the www.dol.wa.gov website, under our featured videos. If you see a vehicle driving with an unsecured load, you should stay as far away as possible and call 911 when it is safe for you to do so. Secure your load as if everyone you love is driving in the car behind you. 2-6 Clean Glass Surfaces It is important that you are able to see clearly through the windows, windshield, and mirrors. Here are some things you can do to help: Keep the windshield clean. Bright sun or headlights on a dirty windshield make it hard to see. Carry liquid cleaner and a paper or cloth towel so you can clean your windshield whenever it is necessary. Keep your window washer bottle full. Use antifreeze wash in areas where the temperature could fall below freezing. Keep the inside of your windows clean, especially if anyone has been smoking in the vehicle. Smoking causes a film to build up on the inside glass. Clear snow, ice, or frost from all windows before driving. Do not hang things from your mirror or clutter the windshield with decals. They could block your view. Keep the headlights, backup, brake, and tail lights clean. Dirt on the lenses can reduce the light by 50 percent. Adjust Seat and Mirrors You should always check and adjust your seat and mirrors before you start to drive: You may not drive with more than three people in the front seat if it blocks your view or interferes with the control of your vehicle. You should have clear vision in all directions, all controls should be within reach, and at least one-third of the steering wheel should be between your hands. Adjust your seat so that you are high enough to clearly see the road. If necessary, use a seat cushion. Do not move the seat so far forward that you cannot easily steer. You should sit so the air bag will hit you in the chest if there is a collision. Also, sit so you can touch the floor below the brake pedal with your feet. Adjust your rear view mirror and side mirrors. You should be able to see out the back window with the rear view mirror. 2-7 Adjust the side mirrors so that you can see a small amount of the side of your vehicle when you lean forward slightly. This will help you see the traffic behind you. If you have a day/night mirror, make sure it is set for the time of day you are driving. Head restraints are designed to prevent whiplash if you are hit from behind. They should be adjusted so the head restraint contacts the back of your head. Always Use Seat Belts and Child Restraints In Washington State it is illegal to drive or to be a passenger without properly wearing seat belts or using child safety restraints. Buckling up correctly is the single most effective thing you can do to protect yourself in a crash. Being correctly buckled helps keep you secure in the vehicle; being thrown out is almost always deadly. Regardless of how brief the drive, always fasten your seat belt and make sure all passengers are correctly using seat belts, child safety restraints, or booster seats. Also remember to lock the vehicle’s doors. Locking reduces the risk of doors opening during a sudden swerve, braking, or crash. Specifically, the law states: “Every person sixteen years of age or older operating or riding in a motor vehicle shall wear the safety belt assembly in a properly adjusted and securely fastened manner”. (See below for the specific law related to restraining children). The driver can be cited and fined if not properly wearing a seat belt. The driver will also be fined for any passengers under age 16 who are not properly wearing a seat belt or secured in a child safety restraint. Passengers over 16 years are responsible for wearing their seat belts and for paying any fine. Air bags are designed to work with seat belts, not replace them. People who are unrestrained when an air bag deploys risk serious injury or death because they will not be properly positioned to benefit from the cushioning that air bags provide. Children in the front seat, whether in safety seats or seat belts, can be injured or killed when the airbag deploys. 2-8 If your vehicle has a two-part seat belt system, be sure to wear and properly adjust both parts. If you have an automatic shoulder belt, be sure to buckle your lap belt as well. How to buckle up correctly for the best safety: –– put the shoulder belt across the middle of your chest and away from your neck. –– adjust the lap belt across your hip bones below your stomach. –– NEVER put the shoulder belt behind your back or under an arm. The Occupant Protection law in Washington State is “primary enforcement”, meaning a law enforcement officer can stop and cite drivers when they or their passengers are seen to not be wearing their seat belt. Restraining children – Car crashes are the number one killer of children 1 to 12 years old in the United States. The best way to protect child passengers in the car is to put them in the right seat for them, and use it the right way every time you or others travel with your child. Select a child safety restraint based on your child’s age and size, choose a seat that fits in your vehicle, and use it correctly every time. Always refer to your specific car seat manufacturer’s instructions and read the vehicle owner’s manual on how to install the child safety restraint using the seat belt or LATCH system. Also check height and weight limits. To maximize safety, keep your children in the child safety restraint that is right for them for as long as possible… as long as the child fits within the manufacturer’s height and weight requirements. 2-9 Washington’s child restraint law requires: children under 13 years old are to be transported in the back seat where it is practical to do so. children up to their 8th birthday, unless they are 4’9” tall (whichever comes first), must use a child safety restraint. They should not move to a seat belt before they are ready per height and age. the restraint system must be used exactly and according to BOTH the safety seat AND vehicle manufacturer’s instructions. vehicles equipped with lap-only seat belts are exempt from the requirement to use a booster seat for a child weighing more than 40 pounds. children 8 years of age or at least 4’9” who wear a seat belt MUST use it correctly (never under the arm or behind the back) or continue to use a child safety restraint. Child safety restraints include: A REAR-FACING CAR SEAT is the best seat for your young child to use. It has a harness, that in a crash, cradles and moves with your child to reduce the stress to the child’s fragile neck and spinal cord. A FORWARD-FACING CAR SEAT has a harness and tether that limits your child’s forward movement during a crash. A BOOSTER SEAT positions the seat belt so that it fits properly over the stronger parts of your child’s body. A SEAT BELT should lie across the hip bones and be snug across the shoulder and chest to restrain the child safely in a crash. It should not rest on the stomach area or across the neck. 2-10 For more information about child passenger safety, call: The Washington Child Passenger Safety Program Manager at 253-447-3257; or The Washington Traffic Safety Commission at: www.wtsc.wa.gov or 360-725-9860; or The Washington State Safety Restraint Coalition: 1-800-BUCK-L-UP Additional Requirements Any vehicle manufactured after January 1964 and registered in Washington State, must have front lap-type seat belts. Passenger vehicles manufactured after January 1968, and trucks and multi-purpose passenger vehicles manufactured after January 1972, must have lap and shoulder belts or a lap belt at all seating positions. Vans, motor homes, and vehicles carrying chassis mounted campers manufactured after January 1976, must have seat belts at all seating positions. Vehicles 1986 and newer are required to have designated areas for tethering forward facing child restraints. Vehicles from December 11, 1989 and newer are required to have lap/shoulder belts in the back seat outboard positions. Most vehicles from 1996 and newer have switchable retractors. Starting September 1, 2000, most vehicles have tether anchors installed. Starting September 1, 2002, child restraints and vehicles equipped with LATCH capability. Starting in 2008, all new passenger vehicles are required to have lap/shoulder in all rear seating positions. 2-11 Tickets For Violators Washington’s cell phone law is in effect—with strict police enforcement. If police see you holding a phone to your ear or “We will fully texting while driving, they can pull you over. Tickets are costly enforce this and could be more if your distracted driving causes a collision. law from day one…in hopes This Law Means: of preventing No talking on handheld cell phones while driving. these needless tragedies.” No texting while driving. Teens with intermediate driver licenses or learner State Patrol Chief permits may not use a wireless device at all while John R. Batiste driving, including hands- free devices, unless they’re Avoid the temptation reporting an emergency. to talk or text. Put This law is not meant to encourage the use of hands- your phone out of reach. free devices. Hands-free devices offer no safety benefit. Parking your phone is the only safe way to drive. Pulling to the shoulder to talk on the phone or text is rarely a safe option and should only be done in an emergency. For more information, go to: www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/distracteddriving.html 2-12 RULES OF THE ROAD There are traffic rules that say where, when, and how fast you can drive. These rules help keep traffic moving safely. Rules of the road include traffic control devices, right-of-way, and parking rules. Traffic Control Devices Traffic control devices include traffic signals, signs, pavement markings, and roundabouts. Traffic control also can be provided by law enforcement, highway construction or maintenance personnel, or school crossing guards. You must obey directions from these persons. If a traffic signal is not working, come to a complete stop, then yield to traffic as if it were a four-way stop. Proceed only when you see it is safe, or when a police officer, fire fighter, or traffic control person directs you. Traffic Signals Traffic signals are lights that tell you when or where to stop and go. A green light means you can go if it is safe. A yellow light means caution and a red light means stop. Traffic lights are usually at intersections and are red, yellow, and green, from top to bottom or left to right. There are some intersections and other locations where there are single green, yellow, or red lights. A green traffic light means you can go through the intersection. You must yield to emergency vehicles and others as required by law. If you are stopped and the light turns green, you must allow crossing traffic to clear the intersection before you go ahead. If you are turning left, you may turn but only when safe to do so. Oncoming traffic has the right-of-way. Be alert for signs that prohibit left turns. A green arrow means you can safely turn in the direction of the arrow. There should be no oncoming or crossing traffic while the arrow is green. When turning right or left, watch for pedestrians or bicyclists crossing in front of your vehicle. You must stop for pedestrians and bicyclists if they are in, or within, one lane of your half of the roadway. Drivers must take all necessary precautions to avoid injury when approaching 3-1 users of wheelchairs, power wheelchairs, white canes, and guide dogs or service animals. Drivers who fail to take such precautions may be liable in damages for any injury caused to users of these devices. A steady yellow traffic light means the traffic light is about to change to red. You must stop if it is safe to do so. If you are in the intersection when the yellow light comes on, do not stop but continue through the intersection. A flashing yellow traffic light means slow down and proceed with caution. A yellow arrow means that the protection of a green arrow is ending and if you are turning in the direction of the arrow, you should prepare to stop and give the right-of-way to oncoming traffic before turning. A flashing yellow arrow means left turns are allowed, but you must yield to oncoming traffic including bicyclists and pedestrians. A steady red traffic light means stop. You must wait until the traffic light turns green and there is no crossing traffic before you may move ahead. If you are turning right, you may turn after coming to a full stop if it is safe and if there is no sign prohibiting the turn on a red light. You may also turn left onto a one-way street with traffic moving left after coming to a full stop if there is no sign prohibiting turns on a red light. Be careful of pedestrians and bicyclists crossing in front of your vehicle. A flashing red traffic light means the same as a stop sign. You must come to a full stop and then may proceed when it is safe to do so. A red arrow means you must stop and you cannot go in the direction of the arrow. You may proceed when the red arrow goes out and a green arrow or light goes on. If you are turning right, you may turn after coming to a full stop if it is safe and if there is no sign prohibiting the turn on a red arrow. You may also turn left onto a one-way street with traffic moving left after coming to a full stop if there is no sign prohibiting turns on a red arrow when it is safe to do so. Drivers will yield to crossing bicyclists and pedestrians. Traffic Signs Traffic signs tell you about traffic rules, hazards, where you are, how to get where you are going, and where services are located. The shape and color of these signs show the type of 3-2 information they provide. The inside cover of this guide shows the shape and color of common signs. Warning signs – These signs are usually yellow with black lettering or symbols and most are diamond shaped. These signs warn you to slow down and be prepared to stop if necessary. They warn you of sharp curves, special situations, speed zones, or hazards ahead. Some common warning signs are shown below. Warning Speed Zone Workers Yield Ahead Ahead Stop Ahead Lane Ends, Advance Warning: Pedestrian Merge Left Bicycle Crossing School Crossing Divided Highway Divided Highway Added Lane (Road) Begins (Road) Ends Slippery Sharp Curve Hill Speed Zone When Wet Right Ahead 3-3 Railroad crossing warning signs – Many railroad crossings have signs or signals to warn drivers to slow down and yield to trains. Never try to beat a train across the tracks. Never start to cross until the traffic clears ahead. Wait until there is room on the far side so you will not have to stop on the tracks. It is wise not to shift gears when crossing railroad tracks, just in case you stall. Trains are large and may be moving faster than they look, it can take up to a mile for a train to come to a full stop with 100 cars; trains cannot yield to cars. Be aware that trains can come from opposite directions at the same time. Some common railroad crossing warning signs and signals are: a round yellow warning sign with an “X” symbol and black “RR” letters is placed along the road before you get to a railroad crossing. a white X-shaped sign or “crossbuck” with “Railroad Crossing” on it is located at the railroad crossing. This sign has the same meaning as a “Yield” sign. You must yield to trains crossing the road. at some crossings, along with the crossbuck sign, you will see side-by-side red lights that will flash alternately when a train is approaching. When the lights are flashing, you must stop. At some crossings there is also a crossing gate that will lower when a train is coming. Do not drive around the gate. Some crossings also have a bell or a horn that will sound. Do not cross until the bell or horn has stopped. crossings with more than one train track will often post a sign that shows the number of tracks. These signs warn you that there is more than one track and there may be more than one train crossing. Not all crossings with more than one 3-4 train track will have these signs so it is important to check for more than one track before crossing. Safety at Railroad Crossings – If you approach a railroad crossing and your vehicle becomes disabled on the crossing, or if you observe an obstruction on the railroad tracks or at the crossing, but no train is approaching or present: Immediately call the Emergency Notification System (ENS). The phone number is located on the blue sign attached to the railroad track-crossing gate. Let them know exactly what obstruction is present and your location. After you have notified ENS, call 911 and report the issue to your local law enforcement. REPORT PROBLEM OR EMERGENCY 1-800-555-5555 X-ING 836 597 H XYZ RAILROAD Slow Moving Vehicle sign – A reflective orange triangle on the rear of a vehicle means it is traveling less than 25 mph. You may see this decal on construction equipment and in rural areas on farm vehicles, horse drawn wagons, or carriages. Work area signs – These construction, maintenance, or emergency operations signs are generally diamond or rectangle shaped and orange with black letters or symbols. They warn you that people are working on or near the roadway. These warnings include reduced speed, detour, slow moving vehicles ahead, and poor or suddenly changing road surfaces. In work areas, traffic may be controlled by a person with a sign or flag. You must obey these persons. Motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists must yield to any highway construction personnel, vehicles with flashing yellow lights, or equipment inside a highway construction or maintenance work zone. Fines double 3-5 for moving violations in construction areas when workers are present. Regulatory signs – These signs are square, rectangular, or have a special shape and are usually white, red, or black with black, red, white, or green letters or symbols. They give you information about rules for traffic direction, lane use, turning, speed, parking, and other special situations. Some regulatory signs have a red circle with a red slash over a symbol. These signs prohibit certain actions, such as, no left turn, no right turn, no U turn, etc. Common types of regulatory signs are: Speed limit signs – These signs indicate the maximum safe speed allowed or the minimum safe speed required. The maximum limit should be driven only in ideal driving conditions and you must reduce your speed when conditions require it. For example, you should reduce your speed when the roadway is slippery, during rain, snow or icy conditions, or when it is foggy and difficult to see clearly down the road. Some high speed roads have minimum speed limits and you are required to travel at least this fast so you are not a hazard to other drivers. If the minimum posted speed is too fast for you, use another road. Variable Speed Limit Signs – These digital signs post variable speed limits that help warn drivers of backups ahead in an attempt to evenly distribute the flow of traffic. The overhead signs can also quickly close entire lanes and provide warning information to drivers before they reach slower traffic. This advance notification and variable speed 3-6 limits helps reduce collisions that cause backups and stop- and-go traffic. lane closed lane open regulatory speed merge left merge left or right merge right Lane use control signs – These signs tell you where you can go or where you can turn and often use an arrow symbol. These signs can be located on the side of the road or hanging over the lane of travel. Sometimes arrows may be painted on the road as a supplement to the signs. No passing signs – These signs tell you where passing is not permitted. Passing areas are based on how far you can see ahead. Placement of these signs are considered at locations of unseen hazards such as hills and curves, intersections, driveways, and other places a vehicle may enter the roadway. These signs, along with pavement markings, indicate where you can pass another vehicle, the beginning and ending of a passing zone, or where you may not pass. Where passing is permitted, you may do so only if it is safe. Be aware of road conditions and other vehicles. A triangular No Passing Zone sign can also be used. These signs are yellow or orange and placed on the left side of the roadway. 3-7 Stop sign – An eight-sided sign that is red with white letters. You must come to a full stop at a marked stop line, but if none, before entering a marked crosswalk or, if none, at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic. You must wait until crossing vehicles and pedestrians have cleared and pull forward only when it is safe. Yield sign – A downward pointing triangle. It is red and white with red letters. It means you must slow down and yield the right-of-way to traffic in the intersection you are crossing or roadway you are entering. Do Not Enter sign – A square sign with a white horizontal line inside a red ball means you cannot enter. You will see this sign at roadway openings that you should not enter, such as exit ramps where you would be going in the wrong direction, in crossovers on divided roadways, and at numerous locations on one-way streets. Disabled Parking sign – A rectangular sign with a white background and green lettering, and the international disabled person symbol in white on a blue background marks special parking stalls at businesses and stores. You or your passenger must have and display a disabled person’s parking placard or license plate to park in these stalls. There is a $250 fine for parking in stalls without displaying the required placard or plate and for blocking the access aisle next to a space reserved for physically disabled persons. Traction Advisory signs – A rectangular sign with a white background and black letters. These signs tell you when chains are required. There is a $500 penalty for failing to use chains when required. Common types of guide signs are: Destination signs – These signs are square or rectangular shaped and are green or brown with white lettering. They show directions and distance to various locations such as cities, airports, or state lines or to special areas such as national parks, historical areas, or museums. 3-8 Service signs – These signs are square or rectangular shaped and are blue or brown with white letters or symbols. They show the location of various services such as rest areas, gas stations, campgrounds, or hospitals. Route number signs – The shape and color of route number signs indicate the type of roadway - interstate, U.S., state, city, or county road. Pavement Markings Lines and symbols on the roadway divide lanes, tell you when you may pass other vehicles or change lanes, which lanes to use for turns, where you must stop for signs or traffic signals, and define pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes. Edge and Lane Lines – Solid lines along the side of the road show you where the edge of the road or lane is located. White lane markings – Solid white lines are used to mark both edges of two-way roads, right edge of one-way roads, and to separate bicycle lanes from other traffic. You should not drive to the right of the edge line or in the bicycle lane. A dashed white line between lanes of traffic means that you may cross it to change lanes if it is safe. A solid white line between lanes of traffic means that you should stay in your lane unless a special situation requires you to change lanes. Yellow lane markings – Solid yellow lines mark the left edge of one-way roads and separate traffic moving in opposite directions. A dashed yellow line between opposing lanes of traffic means that you may cross it to pass if it is safe to do so. 3-9 Dashed yellow line – All traffic may pass when safe. Solid yellow lines – No passing allowed. One solid, one dashed yellow line – Traffic next to the dashed line may pass when safe. Some passing zones have signs that tell you where passing is permitted and where you cannot pass. Where there is both a solid and a dashed yellow line between opposing lanes of traffic, you may not pass if the solid yellow line is on your side. If the dashed line is on your side you are in the passing zone and may pass if it is safe. You must return to your side before the passing zone ends. Two solid yellow lines between lanes of traffic means neither side can pass. You may cross yellow lane markings, except medians, to turn left if it is safe. Medians – When a highway is divided into two or more roadways, it is illegal to drive within, over, or across the space. This separation can be an open space, a highway divider, or a median island. It can also be formed either by 18 inch solid yellow pavement markings or by yellow crosshatchings between two solid yellow lines. Crosswalks and stop lines – When required to stop because of a sign or signal, you must stop before your vehicle reaches the stop line or crosswalk, if there is one. Crosswalks define the area where pedestrians and bicyclists may cross the roadway. You must yield to pedestrians and bicyclists in or about to enter a crosswalk. Some crosswalks may also have in-pavement lights that are activated by crossing pedestrians. You must yield when these lights are flashing. Not all crosswalks are marked every intersection is legally 3-10 defined as a crosswalk regardless of whether a crosswalk marking is present. Be alert for pedestrians and bicyclists when crossing intersections or turning. Bicycle lanes – Bicycle lanes are marked with solid white lines and bike symbols. Some bike lanes are further separated from the adjacent motor vehicle travel lane and/ or parking lane with a buffer consisting of two solid white lines with diagonal cross-hatching or chevron markings. This buffer is considered part of the bike lane width and should not be encroached on by motorists unless executing a legal turning maneuver after checking that it is safe to do so. Protected bike lanes are further separated from passing traffic by some method of physical protection such as bollards, posts, or planters. Bicycle lanes may be filled with green paint. Bicycle boxes – Bicycle boxes are pavement markings that are installed at intersections to allow bicyclists a safe way to turn when approaching a red light. Bicycle boxes are green and have an image of a bicyclist. At intersections, they are painted on the pavement before the crosswalk and they cover the entire travel lane. Drivers must stop behind the bicycle box (even when it’s empty) and wait for a green light. Bicyclists who are turning left should stop in the bicycle box, move to the left side of the box, signal the turn, and wait for the green light. Bicyclists traveling straight or turning right should stay to the right in the bicycle box, in a staggered formation, and wait for the green light. Bicycle boxes can also be used by bicyclists to make a two-stage left turn. A two-stage left turn 3-11 allows bicyclists to make a left turn in two separate steps, rather than crossing multiple lanes of traffic: Step 1: Cross straight through the intersection on the green light and stop in the bicycle box for the road you are turning on-to. Step 2: Wait for the green light and go straight through the intersection. Other traffic control devices – There are other traffic control devices used to discourage speeding and reduce collisions. These devices have a variety of shapes. If you see speed bumps, curbing that narrows the roadway, or circular islands in intersections, slow down and keep to the right unless otherwise posted. Roundabouts A roundabout is an intersection control device with traffic circulating around an island. Approaching vehicles must yield to the traffic in the circle. Always yield to pedestrians and bicyclists who are legally crossing the road. Inside the circle, always drive around the circle to the right. 3-12 How to drive in a roundabout: 1. Slow down as you approach the intersection; roundabouts are designed for speeds of 15-20 mph. 2. Enter the roundabout when there is a gap in traffic. Once inside, do not stop. Follow directions on signs or pavement markings about which lane to use. 3. You may exit at any street or continue around if you miss your exit. Reversible Lanes Some travel lanes are designed to carry traffic in one direction at certain times and in the opposite direction at other times. These lanes are usually marked by double- dashed yellow lines. Before you start driving in them, check to see which lanes you can use at that time. There may be signs posted by the side of the road or overhead. Special lights are often used. A green arrow means you can use the lane beneath it, a red “X” means you cannot. A flashing yellow “X” means the lane is only for turning. A steady yellow “X” means that the use of the lane is changing and you should move out of it as soon as it is safe to do so. 3-13 Reserved Lanes On various roadways, one or more lanes may be reserved for special vehicles. Reserved lanes are marked by signs stating that the lane is reserved for special use. These lanes often have a white diamond posted at the side of the road or painted on the road surface. “Transit” or “bus” means the lane is for bus use only. “Bicycle” means the lane is reserved for bicyclists. “HOV” stands for “High Occupancy Vehicles” and indicates lanes reserved for vehicles with more than one person in them. Signs say how many people must be in the vehicle, as well as the days and hours to which it applies. For example, “HOV 3” means there must be at least three people in the vehicle. Two-Way Left Turn Lanes These shared center lanes are reserved for vehicles making left turns in either direction from or into the roadway (or U turns when they are permitted). These lanes cannot be used for passing and cannot be used for travel further than 300 feet. On the pavement, left turn arrows for traffic in one direction alternate with left turn arrows for traffic coming from the other direction. These lanes are marked on each side by a solid yellow and dashed yellow lines. Enter the lane only when it is safe to do so. 3-14 HOT Lanes & Express Toll Lanes High occupancy toll (HOT) lanes and Express toll lanes are high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes for carpools that are also open to solo drivers who choose to pay a toll. Toll rates adjust electronically to ensure that traffic in the HOT or Express lane is free flowing even when the regular lanes are congested. It provides toll-free express trips for buses, vanpools, carpools and motorcycles, while giving solo drivers the option to pay for a faster, more reliable trip. Those who choose to use the HOT lanes or Express toll lanes as a solo driver must have a Good To Go! account. Carpools, vanpools, buses, and motorcycles may also need a Good To Go! account to use the toll lanes without charge. For more information regarding Good To Go! accounts, visit www.mygoodtogo.com. For more information regarding tolling, including requirements for carpools, vanpools, buses, and motorcycles, visit www.wsdot.wa.gov/goodtogo/. General Rules General driving – If you back your vehicle, look carefully and move slowly. Drivers do not expect a vehicle to be backing towards them and may not realize it until it is too late. If you miss your turn or exit, do not back up, but go on to the next turn or exit or where you can safely turn around. It is illegal to back up on a shoulder or a freeway. Do not stop in travel lanes for any reason (confusion, breakdown, letting out a passenger). Keep moving until you can safely pull off the road. In Washington State it is illegal to give or to seek a ride on any limited access roadway such as a freeway unless otherwise posted. No person seeking a ride may stand on or along a public 3-15 highway or street where a vehicle cannot safely stop off the main traveled portion of the roadway. On a road with two lanes traveling in opposite directions, you must drive on the right side of the road except when you are legally passing another vehicle. On a road with two or more lanes traveling in the same direction, stay in the right lane except to pass. On a road with three or more lanes traveling in the same direction, if there is a lot of entering or exiting traffic, use the center travel lane. Unless directed to do so by officials or signs, never drive on the shoulder of the road. Law Enforcement Stops – Police vehicles attempting to stop drivers will do so by turning on flashing lights and/or a siren. If a law enforcement officer pulls you over: Drive as close as you safely can to the right side of the road, stop and turn off the engine. Do not stop in an intersection or pull into the center median of a highway. Limit your movements and those of any passengers. Keep your hands on the steering wheel. Passengers should keep their hands in plain view. Show your driver license and/or vehicle registration only when requested. Stay in your vehicle. DO NOT GET OUT UNLESS REQUESTED. If it is dark, turn on the vehicles’ interior dome light after stopping and before the officer approaches your vehicle. Do not argue with the officer at the scene. Traffic violations and traffic crimes charged against you are decided in court. Emergency zones – Emergency zones are defined as the adjacent lanes of the roadway 200 feet before and after a stationary emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights, tow truck using red lights, emergency assistance vehicle using warning lights, or police vehicle using emergency lights. The fines for traffic infractions issued for speeding in an emergency 3-16 zone or improper passing of a designated stationary vehicle are doubled, and the driver license of a person who recklessly endangers a worker or property in an emergency zone is subject to a 60-day suspension. Passing – On a road with two lanes traveling in the same direction, the left-hand lane is intended to be used for passing slower vehicles. On roads with more than two lanes traveling in the same direction, use the right lane for slower speeds, the middle lanes for higher speeds, and the left-hand lane for passing only. If you pass on the right, the other driver may have difficulty seeing you and might suddenly change lanes in front of you. Never pass on the shoulder, whether it is paved or not. Other drivers will never expect you to be there and may pull off the road without looking. The shoulder can also be used by pedestrians and bicyclists. On limited access roadways of three or more lanes in one direction, vehicles towing a trailer or vehicles over ten thousand pounds may not use the left-hand lane unless otherwise posted. However, this does not prevent these vehicles from using the HOV lanes. Driving on ocean beaches – Driving is allowed on ocean beaches in Grays Harbor and Pacific counties. The beach is considered a state highway so all road, vehicle registration, and driver licensing regulations apply. The speed limit is 25 mph and pedestrians and bicyclists have the right-of-way at all times. You may only enter the beach with your vehicle through marked beach approaches and you may only drive on hard- packed sand. Watch for beach closure signs and signs that occasionally prohibit beach driving. Toll Bridges – Currently tolls are collected when crossing State Route (SR) 520 Bridge in either direction and State Route (SR) 16 Tacoma Narrows Bridge when traveling eastbound. When crossing the SR 520 Bridge the tolls are either collected through your Good To Go! account or a bill that is sent to the address of the vehicle’s owner. SR 16 Tacoma Narrows Bridge is similar, with the additional option of toll booths, allowing drivers to pay cash on site. For more information regarding tolls please visit www.wsdot.wa.gov. 3-17 Automated Traffic Safety Cameras – Automated traffic safety cameras automatically record one or more images of a motor vehicle at the time it fails to stop when facing a steady red traffic control signal or an activated railroad grade crossing control signal, or exceeds a speed limit in a school speed zone as detected by a speed measuring device. All locations equipped with traffic cameras will be clearly marked with signs in locations that clearly indicate that you are entering a zone where traffic laws are enforced by an automated traffic safety camera. The camera will only take pictures of the vehicle and license plate while the infraction is occurring. The notice of infraction will be sent in the mail within fourteen days after the owner is determined. Included in the notice will be facts relating to the infraction and images taken by the traffic camera. These infractions are not included in a driving record, and are instead processed as a parking infraction. The maximum fine for any parking infraction is $250. 3-18 Ferries Washington State Ferries (WSF) is part of Washington’s highway network, sometimes referred to as the state’s “marine highway system.” As part of the state highway system, all rules of the road apply and must be followed at all times. Approaching the Terminal - WSF operates 20 ferry terminals on 10 routes in Washington State and Canada. As you approach the ferry terminal, you may see signs directing you into a designated “ferry holding” lane on the road leading up to the terminal. Other vehicles may already be lined up in this lane to catch the ferry, and the end of the line may be at some distance before you reach the terminal. If other vehicles have already lined up in the ferry holding lane, do not cut

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