Nervous System Quiz PDF

-​ The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord -​ Grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter contains myelinated axons -​ Meninges = protective layer of CNS -​ Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Comprises all nerves outside the CNS, connecti...

-​ The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord -​ Grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter contains myelinated axons -​ Meninges = protective layer of CNS -​ Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Comprises all nerves outside the CNS, connecting the CNS to the rest of the body. -​ Action potential generation in a neuron involves: -​ Resting potential: Neuron is polarized -​ Stimulus: Causes depolarization -​ Threshold: If reached, voltage-gated Na+ channels open -​ Rapid depolarization: Na+ influx -​ Repolarization: K+ channels open, K+ exits -​ Hyperpolarization: Briefly more negative -​ Return to resting potential -​ Axial is best for visualizing swelling -​ The ventricular system protects the CNS by producing CSF, cushioning the brain and spinal cord, maintaining pressure -​ Somatic nervous system = responsible for voluntary movements -​ Injured diencephalon = altered sensation and perception from the body to the cortex -​ Forebrain vesicles = form structures for advanced cognitive abilities -​ Neural crest cells migrate from the neural tube to form various structures, including sensory neurons and Schwann cells -​ Ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while metabotropic receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors Pregunta 1​ ✅ Q: What is the main function of the nervous system?​ A: To integrate the internal state of the body with the environment to guide behavior. Pregunta 2​ ✅ Q: Which of the following is part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?​ A: Brainstem Pregunta 3​ ✅ Q: What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?​ A: Sympathetic and parasympathetic Pregunta 4​ ✅ Q: Which autonomic nervous system division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?​ A: Sympathetic Pregunta 5​ ✅ Q: What is the key structural difference between grey matter and white matter?​ A: Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter contains axons. Pregunta 6​ ✅ Q: What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of projection neurons?​ A: Glutamate Pregunta 7​ ✅ Q: Which neurotransmitter is typically inhibitory in the nervous system?​ A: GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) Pregunta 8​ ✅ Q: What is the function of the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater?​ A: They form the meninges, which protect the CNS. Pregunta 9​ ✅ Q: What are the three main anatomical orientation planes of the brain?​ A: Sagittal, Coronal, Axial (Horizontal) Pregunta 10​ ✅ Q: What embryological structure gives rise to the nervous system?​ A: Neural tube Pregunta 11​ ✅ Q: Which type of neuron transmits signals over long distances in the nervous system?​ A: Projection neurons Pregunta 12​ Q: In the nervous system, what is the equivalent of a "nucleus" in the CNS when found in the ✅ PNS?​ A: Ganglion Pregunta 13​ Q: Which of the following neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending ✅ on the receptor type?​ A: Dopamine Pregunta 14​ ✅ Q: What is the function of synapses in neuronal communication?​ A: They allow neurons to transmit signals to other neurons or effectors. Pregunta 15​ ✅ Q: What is the main role of the ventricular system in the brain?​ A: To circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for cushioning and nutrient transport. Pregunta 16​ ✅ Q: The brainstem consists of which three structures?​ A: Medulla, Pons, Midbrain