Tagalog Literature Notes PDF

(Take note niyo to, future LPTs; madaming lumalabas dito) MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA 1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop 2. DING-DONG – bagay 3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin 4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal 5. TARARA-BOOM-DE-AY - dasal o orasyon 6. COO-COO - sanggol FILIPINO POETS AND THEIR PEN NAM...

(Take note niyo to, future LPTs; madaming lumalabas dito) MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA 1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop 2. DING-DONG – bagay 3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin 4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal 5. TARARA-BOOM-DE-AY - dasal o orasyon 6. COO-COO - sanggol FILIPINO POETS AND THEIR PEN NAMES ▪︎BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture Writings ▪︎DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoe” (novel) ▪︎EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been translated many times ▪︎ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr. ▪︎JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion ▪︎MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE - Masterpiece is ▪︎“Don Quixote” that is most influential ▪︎NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila – Spanish Culture Writing ▪︎PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st modern English short story ▪︎SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – Mark Twain - “Adventures of Tom Sawyer” - “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel) SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN - sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap. PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS ▪︎ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito Bagumbayan ▪︎ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog ▪︎EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo ▪︎EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian ▪︎GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura ▪︎JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa ▪︎JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan ▪︎JUAN LUNA – Buan ▪︎MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,Piping Dilat ▪︎MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),Kalipulako MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP WALANG PAKSA: 1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran. 2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.) 3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp. 4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo” 5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!) 6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP AYON SA KAYARIAN: 1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan 2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa 3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa 4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap MGA URI NG KWENTO ▪︎1. PABULA (fable) – hayop ▪︎2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya ▪︎3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay ▪︎4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan) ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb) 1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo 2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo 3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective) 1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan 2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad 3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas) MGA URI NG TULA 1. PATULA (Moro-moro) 2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido) MGA AWITING BAYAN 1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon 2. DIONA – kasal 3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati) 4. KALUSAN – paggawa 5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma) 6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig 7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata 8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan 9. TALINDAW – pamamangka PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO 1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli) 2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo” 3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA - muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan 4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad 5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan 6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy) 7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS 1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc. 2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – ito/this etc. 3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc. 4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp. 5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when etc. 6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which, who MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO ▪︎AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by Confucius) ▪︎AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris) ▪︎AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles) ▪︎BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece ▪︎CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer) ▪︎DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante) ▪︎EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain ▪︎ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made by Homer. ▪︎ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia ▪︎KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) ▪︎MAHABRATA – India ▪︎UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.) MGA URI NG PANITIKAN 1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN: a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral 2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay. a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya o KUMINTANG – Tagalog o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua o TATUANG - Bagobo b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI – own feeling MGA TULANG LIRIKO: o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan o ELEHIYA – yumao o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid o ODA – papuri B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN a. KOMEDYA b. MELODRAMA – musical c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa e. SAYNETE -karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook C. TULANG PATNIGAN a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap. b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING: 1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig 2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang pangatnig 3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao 4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG 5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo. PAGLALARAWAN: 6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o EKSAHERASYON 7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na. 8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong feeling. 9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin” 10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ extra words PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN: 11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO PAGSASATUNOG: 12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang paksa 13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila 14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!... IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA: ▪︎ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho ▪︎ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan ▪︎EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan ▪︎PAG-UYAM – sarcasm ▪︎LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari. UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH 1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since 2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG) - para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit 3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE 1. ARTICLES – a, an, the 2. OPINION 3. SIZE 4. AGE 5. SHAPE 6. COLOR 7. MATERIAL 8. PURPOSE CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM 1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung 2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme 3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character. 4. ELEGY –death of individual 5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure 6. EULOGY – message for the dead 7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme 8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables) 9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene 10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings 11. NARRATIVE – tells story 12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric 13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way 14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines 15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS ▪︎BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic. - Spainards paid P200 000 1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini - rights of soldiers - no Visayas yet in right of territories 2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American Const. 3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel - Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule. 4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos - Martial Law – 60days max - Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba 5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles - past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, 1987) - Bill of Rights are for the criminals JUS SANGUINI – blood JUS SOLI – place SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS 1. COMMUNIST – classless society - State plans and controls economy 2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted 3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS ▪︎(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut) ACTS 1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) - Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia 2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S. 3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC) - fight global warming decreasing green house gases 4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION - environment and sustainable development 5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election - Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior 6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS - recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom 7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade 8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS 1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent 2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids 3. JESUITS 4. DOMINICANS – richest 5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools MARTYR PRIESTS 1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization 2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead, uses muscle) HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered fire & clothes HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can produce materials) UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY ▪︎ANATOMY – inner organs ▪︎ENTOMOLOGY – insects ▪︎BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals ▪︎ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in environment ▪︎EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth ▪︎GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi ▪︎HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians ▪︎HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues ▪︎MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance) ▪︎ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites ▪︎PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants ▪︎PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system ▪︎TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms SCIENCE PROPONENTS ▪︎CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy ▪︎ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae) ▪︎ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule) ▪︎ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus ▪︎MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & ▪︎THEODORE (Zoologist) - found all plants consist of cells ▪︎RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr. existing cells EARTH’S SPHERES ▪︎ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from meteors Divided into five: 1.Troposphere 2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere 5. Exosphere ▪︎HYDROSPHERE – water ▪︎LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust ▪︎BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth ▪︎CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE 1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System - believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago - Responsible for weather and climate 2. MERCURY – named after Roman God - no satellite and atmosphere - discovered by Mariner Ten 3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2) - Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth 4. EARTH 5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9) 6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less) - has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs 7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks) - made mostly of hydrogen 8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel - Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet