Chapter 1 Study Sheet Anatomy PDF

**[Chapter 1 Study Sheet Anatomy ]** - **Superior:** body part is above another; closer to head - **Inferior:** body part is below another; toward feet - **Anterior**: toward the front - **Posterior:** toward the back - **Medial:** Imagine a line drawn down the middle of the body...

**[Chapter 1 Study Sheet Anatomy ]** - **Superior:** body part is above another; closer to head - **Inferior:** body part is below another; toward feet - **Anterior**: toward the front - **Posterior:** toward the back - **Medial:** Imagine a line drawn down the middle of the body dividing it into 2 equal halves; medial means closer to the midline - **Lateral:** toward the side away from the imaginary line - **Proximal:** closer to a point of attachment to the trunk - **Distal:** body part is farther from the point of attachment to the trunk - **Bilateral:** refers to paired structures -- one on each side - **Ipsilateral:** refers to structures on the same side of the body - **Contralateral:** refers to structures on opposite sides - **Sagittal section :** divides the body into right and left portions - **Median or midsagittal section :** divides the body into right and left equal parts -- goes through midline - **Parasagittal section:** divides the body into unequal right and left parts -- section is lateral to the midline - **Transverse (horizontal) section :** divides the body into superior and inferior portions - **Frontal (coronal) section:** section divides the body into anterior and posterior sections **The 6 Functional Categories of organ systems and their systems with major organs are:** - ***[Body covering ]*** - **Integumentary system** -- major organ is skin - ***[Support & Movement ]*** - **Skeletal system** -- major organs are bones - **Muscular system** -- major organs are skeletal muscles - *[**Integration & Coordination** ]* - **Nervous system** -- major organ is brain - **Endocrine system** -- major organ is thyroid gland - ***[Transport ]*** - **Cardiovascular system** -- major organ is heart - **Lymphatic system** -- major organ is spleen - ***[Absorption & Excretion ]*** - **Digestive system** -- major organ is stomach - **Urinary system** -- major organs are kidneys - **Respiratory system** -- major organs are lungs - ***[Reproduction ]*** - **Reproductive system** -- major organs are ovaries and testes **The body can be divided into two parts** ***[Appendicular portion ]*** Includes upper and lower limbs Appendicular portion does not have body cavities ***[Axial portion ]*** Includes head, neck, and trunk Axial portion contains 2 major cavities and several smaller cavities that house body organs **Two Major Body Cavities** **Dorsal cavity** **Ventral cavity** Smaller cavities within major cavities: ***[Dorsal cavity contains: ]*** Cranial cavity -- brain Vertebral cavity -- spinal cord ***[Ventral Cavity contains: ]*** **Thoracic cavity** -- heart, lungs, mediastinum **Abdominopelvic cavity** -- organs of digestive system and reproductive system Organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are collectively known as viscera Ex. Heart, lungs, stomach... **Thoracic cavity is divided into smaller cavities** **Mediastinum** -- contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus **Pericardial cavity** -- contains heart **Pleural cavity** -- contains lungs Thoracic cavity is separated from abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm Sheet of skeletal muscle **Abdominopelvic cavity is divided into two cavities** **Abdominal cavity (aka peritoneal cavity):** Contains stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, most of the small and large intestine **Pelvic cavity :** Area enclosed by the bones of the hip (pelvic girdle) Contains terminal part of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal organs of reproduction **Thoracic Membranes** - ***[Pleural membranes ]*** - Parietal pleura - Visceral pleura - Pleural cavity: Potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura membranes which contains the serous fluid - ***[Pericardial Membranes ]*** - Parietal pericardium - Visceral pericardium - Pericardial cavity :Potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardium which contains the serous fluid **Abdominal Membranes** ***[Peritoneal Membranes ]*** - **Parietal peritoneum** - **Visceral peritoneum** - **Peritoneal cavity:** Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum which contains the serous fluid **Four Abdominal Quads** Supine body position -- face up Prone body position -- face down **Anatomical Position** Body erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, arms at sides with palms facing forward **Terms To Know** - **Abdominal-** The region between the thorax and pelvis - **Acromial-** Point of the shoulders ( a crumb on shoulder) - **Antecubital-** The space in front of the elbow (anti elbow) - **Axillary-** Armpit (put some ax on them pits) - **Brachial-** arms - **Buccal-** Cheeks ( buccal fat dissolver) - **Calcaneal-** Heel ( crusty part) - **Carpal-** Wrist (carpal tunnel) - **Celiac-** abdomen (celiac disease) - **Cephalic**- Head (hydrocephalic) - **Cervical-** Neck (why does it sound like cervix) - **Costal-** Ribs (cost a lot) - **Coxal**- Hips (cox on hips) - **Crural-** Legs (you\'re cruel why did you hit my legs) - **Cubital-** Elbow (my elbows not a cube) - **Digital-** Fingers or toes (digits) - **Dorsal-** Back (dorsal fin) - **Femoral-** Thigh ( think of the major artery) - **Frontal-** Forehead ( wigs cover forehead) - **Genital-** The external reproductive organs (outside coochies) - **Gluteal-** Buttocks (booty) - **Inguinal-** The groin, depressed area of the abdominal wall near thigh (side coochie) - **Lumbar-** The loins, the region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis - **Mammary-** The breast (boobssss) - **Mental-** Chin ( are you mental mate????) - **Nasal-** Nose - **Occipital-** Lower posterior region of the head - **Oral-** Mouth - **Orbital-** Bony sockets of the eyes - **Palmar-** Palm of hands (don\'t over think this one) - **Patellar-** Front of the knee ( not patella not patella) - **Pectoral-** The anterior of the chest - **Pedal-** Foot ( you drive with your what) - **Pelvic-** The pelvis (dude really?) - **Perineal**- The perineum, inferior most region of the trunk between the buttocks and the thighs. ( the big ole gucci) - **Plantar-** The sole of the foot ( plant the bottom of foot) - **Popliteal-** Area behind the knee ( Quamire 3^rd^ hole) - **Sacral-** Posterior region between the hips (tramp stamp) - **Sternal-** The middle of the thorax, anteriorly - **Sural**- Calf - **Tarsal-** The ankle - **Umbilical-** Navel - **Vertebral**- The spinal column