Internet Access - Computer Science Textbook - PDF

Okay, here is the conversion of the provided text into a structured markdown format, while describing the image. ## Chapter 8: Internet Access The image shows a brightly colored cartoon of children sitting at computers. The text introduces the concept of the Internet. **Students!** Most of you m...

Okay, here is the conversion of the provided text into a structured markdown format, while describing the image. ## Chapter 8: Internet Access The image shows a brightly colored cartoon of children sitting at computers. The text introduces the concept of the Internet. **Students!** Most of you must have heard about some terms like e-Mail, net chatting, video conferencing, e-commerce, etc. If yes! then are you excited and curious to know more about them? All of them are based upon the most wonderful feature of computer and communication technology i.e. Internet. The image then shows a colorful drawing illustrating the "Internet" with the "www" symbol. **Definition of Internet:** A network of interconnected computers across the world forms the Internet. It is a structure joining various computer networks together with the help of a telecom line or other communication channels like satellite. It can also be defined as the 'Network of networks.' It provides access to communication services and information resources to millions of users around the globe, 24 hours a day for all 365 days of a year. Internet offers exchange of graphics, sound, software, text, etc. through different web sites. ### Ways to connect to the Internet Internet connection can be established in different ways: **Broadband Connection:** It is a type of connectivity which establishes connection to Internet, without the use of a telephone line. It offers a higher speed of data transfer. **Wi-Fi** It stands for Wireless Fidelity. It is a type of network that supports data communication without the use of wire based media. For Wi-Fi to work, the user needs 'Broadband Internet Connection'. Such network can establish connection in a range of 100-300 ft. **WiMAX** It stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is a bigger form of connection in comparison to Wi-Fi. It provides wireless access up to 50 Km. To establish WiMAX, a tower similar to a cell phone tower is required. The internet connectivity to the user is provided through a wireless link between the tower and the user. **Hotspot** A hotspot is a wireless network access point of computing devices like laptop or smartphone that enables to access Internet. Such Internet accessed devices enables to create a wi-fi network among networked devices. Hotspot networks are more common in cafes, libraries, airports, hotels, etc. Such network is established in a very less time, without using any extra device. Smartphones are commonly used as wi-fi hotspots. **To activate hotspot on a mobile:** The image displays a screenshot of mobile settings, illustrating the 'Wireless and networks' option. Open 'Wireless and networks' from 'Settings'. ### Common Terms on the Inernet **WWW (World Wide Web)** The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of information on Internet. It contains millions of websites that provide information in combination of text, photographs, graphics, audios, videos, etc. **Note:** Net Surfing refers to browsing of the Internet by navigating from one web page to another in a web browser. **URL (Uniform Resource Locator)** Every webpage on Internet is identified by its unique web address which is known as its URL. The image displays a browser address bar with the text “http://“ written in it. **Search Engine** When a person wants to get a particular information but does not know the website's address or URL, search engines helps to search and retrieve the required information on the internet. The image shows a magnifying glass over a computer with the Google logo on the screen. A search engine is an information fetching tool that helps to find any type of information that exists on World Wide/internet. For example: Google, Yahoo, Bing are common search engines. **Web Browser** It is an application software that enables to locate and display content of websites on the Internet. The popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, etc. The next image displays a Google search web page with labels. * **Back & forward** * **Refresh/Stop** * **Address Bar** * **Favorite Bookmark** * **Search Bar** **Address Bar:** As the name suggests, it is a place where the website address is typed. It also acts as a search bar. **Back & Forward:** The Back and Forward buttons allow a user to move between websites that have been recently visited. **Search Bar:** It prompts to type the keyword i.e. related word of Search. A list of suggested websites which contain the same keyword is shown below the Address bar. **Tab:** It enables to view various websites in the same window with the help of different tabs. To open a new tab: * Click on the 'New' tab button as displayed in the image or press 'Ctrl+T' key combination from the keyboard. * **Refresh Button:** It is used to reload the opened webpage. * **Favorite/Bookmark:** It enables to easily access the website that is marked as Favorite. Marked website is visible in the 'Favorite Bar'. * **To mark the website as favorite:** Click the 'Star' button present on the right side of the address bar. * **History:** It refers to the list of webpages which has been recently visited by a user. * **Home:** It is used to open the default home page of the web browser. * **Stop:** It is used to stop the loading process of the webpage. **Search by Image** Google Images is a great place to search for pictures and photos by typing in relevant keywords. Also you can search about anything by uploading a related picture to it. **To search by image:** * Click on the image option as displayed in the image * Click on the Upload an image option. * Select the image. Shows the similar images and information related to it. ## Netiquette Existence of Internet has become very important in our lives. It helps us in so many ways. We can communicate with friends, family or with anyone on the Internet through e-mail, chatting or other social media platforms. There are different social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter which enable to connect to people but for availing the facilities of social media, we should abide by some manners and ethics. Though these are great platforms but some of us go beyond our boundaries and misuse the resources. In order to avoid such situation and to be a sensible citizen we should adhere to some netiquette (Internet related manners). Netiquette means keeping proper, ethical and sensible etiquette or maintaining good manners during online communication. **We must follow the below mentioned netiquette:** * We should be respectful to every other online user and be cautious of the language used.
 * We should express our emotions properly by using appropriate caps, exclamation, etc.
 * We should be cautious while sharing any kind of personal information and also respect privacy of other individuals.
 * We must read the guidelines before signing-in any social media platform.
 * We should not share someone's content without citing the name of the owner.
 * We should not abruptly leave a conversation online in between.
 * We should avoid talking to strangers on the Internet as it might put us in trouble. * We should not ping and disturb others. ### Exercises **2. Select the most suitable alternative:** **(a) Interconnection of networks is referred as .........................** (i) Internet (ii) Hotspot (iii) Wi-fi (iv) None of these **(b) The place where the address of any website is typed is called as .........................** (i) Space bar (ii) Address Bar (iii) Search Bar (iv) All of these **(c) The feature that enables to view various websites in the same window is called .........................** (i) Tab (ii) Space Bar (iii) Search Bar (iv) None of these **(d) The ......................... button is used to reload the website.** (i) Refresh (ii) Window (iii) Both (i) and (ii) (iv) None of these **3. State True or False:**