Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing Course PDF

Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing Course MBH211  Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System Assist prof. Ahlam Goda 2024/2025  Outline Lecture expectation. Objectives. Internal and ext...

Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing Course MBH211  Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System Assist prof. Ahlam Goda 2024/2025  Outline Lecture expectation. Objectives. Internal and external organs.  Lecture expectation  General objective At the end of this chapter the student should be able to discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive organs.  Specific objectives At the end of this chapter the student should be able to: Describe the anatomy of the female reproductive system. Differentiate between the internal and external female reproductive system. List function of uterus. Classification of the female genital organs. Female reproductive system is made up of : 1. Supportive structures. 2. Internal organs. 3. External organs. 2. External Female Structures “Vulva”  Mons Pubis ❑ Is a rounded soft fullness of subcutaneous fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone. During puberty, it becomes covered with hair ❑ Is prominence over the symphysis pubis that forms the anterior border of the external reproductive organs  Labium Majus) labia Majora External Large lips ❑They are thick folds of tissue that enclose and protect the other external genital organs, contain sweat and sebaceous glands, which produce lubricating secretions, covered with hair during puberty ❑ Extended from the mons pubis to the perineum to protect labia minora, urinary meatus and vaginal introitus  ( Labium Minus) Labia minora small lips ❑ labia minora lie just inside the labia majora and surround the openings of the vagina and urethra. ❑ A rich supply of blood vessels gives the labia minora a pink color.  Clitoris is a small protruded erectile organ , rich in vascularity, very sensitive to sexual stimulation Vestibules ❑ Is oval-shaped area formed between the labia minora, clitoris, and fourchette. ❑ Vestibule contains the external urethral meatus, vaginal introitus, and Bartholins glands.  Hymen Is an elastic epithelial fold that partially blocks entrance to vagina Is ruptured with the first sexual intercourse Types of Hymen  Perinum Extends from fourchette anteriorly to the anus posteriorly. Varies in length from 2 to 5 centimeters. Is the most posterior part of the external female reproductive organs. Is composed of fibrous and muscular tissues that support pelvic structures Functions of the Female External Genitalia Protecting the internal genital organs from infectious organisms Providing sexual pleasure Enabling sperm to enter the body  3. Internal Female Structures Uterus Internal female Fallopian tubes structure Ovaries Vagina Internal female structure  Vagina Is an elastic fibro-muscular tube and membranous tissue about 8 to 10 cm long. Lying between the bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly. The vaginal lining has multiple folds, or rugae and muscle layer. These folds allow the vagina to stretch during childbirth. The reaction of the vagina is acidic; the pH is 4.5 that protect the vagina against infection.  Vagina ❑ Bartholin glands (located besides the vaginal opening) secrete a thick fluid that supplies lubrication for intercourse ❑Urethral opening is above or in front of vagina  Functions of the Vagina ❑Allow discharge of the menstrual flow ❑The place of sexual intercourse ❑Allow passage of the fetus from the uterus during childbirth Uterus ❑ The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped muscular organ. ❑ Measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60 gm. ❑ Its normal position is anteverted (rotated forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed forward) Uterus Parts The uterus divided into three parts A- Body of the uterus ( Corpus) The upper part is the uterus The fundus is the part of the body or corpus above the area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus Length about 5 cm B- Isthmus ❑ A narrower transition zone located between the corpus of the uterus and cervix. ❑ During late pregnancy, the isthmus elongates and is known as the lower uterine segment C- Cervix Is the lowermost position of the uterus “neck”, length is about 2.5 to 3 cm. Internal os, is the opening in the cervix that runs between the uterus and vagina. The upper part of the cervix is marked by internal os and the lower cervix is marked by the external os. Three Layers of the Uterus 1. The endometrium (Inner mucous layer) 2. The myomatrium ( Muscle layer) 3. The perimetrium ( Serous layer)  Function of the Uterus ❑ Menstruation ----the uterus sloughs off the endometrium. ❑ Pregnancy ---the uterus support fetus and allows the fetus to grow. ❑ Labor and birth---the uterine muscles contract and the cervix dilates during labor to expel the fetus Fallopian Tubes (oviducts or uterine tubes) ❑ There are two tubes extended from the cornu of the uterus to the ovary. They run in the upper free border of the broad ligament. ❑ Length from 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm It is composed of three parts: 1. Interstitial part 2. Isthmus 3.Ampulla 3. Infundibulum  Parts of Oviducts 1.Infundibulum: The outer portion that opens into the abdominal cavity. It contains fimbriae (fingerlike projections). 2. Ampulla: The middle portion of the tube, connects the isthmus with the infundibulum. It is the widest part about 5 cm in length. 3. Isthmus: Is the medial portion of the tube that connects to the uterus.  Function of Uterine tubes Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel by peristaltic movement through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining The mucus secreted by tubes provide nourishment for ovum  Function of Uterine tubes Gamete transport Ovum pickup Ovum transports Sperm transports Final maturation of gametes Post ovulatory oocyte maturation Sperm capacitation Transport of embryo and unfertilized eggs to the uterus  Requirements for normal function ❑Patency ❑Tubal motility i.e. no adhesions and healthy wall ❑Intact mucosa i.e. ciliary function and tubal secretions Ovaries or female gonads or sex glands ❑ Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness, 2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm. ❑ Ovary is located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes. ❑ A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles. Structure of the ovary 1. Hilum: Through which the blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves pass. 2. Cortex: Contains primary follicles in various stages of development. 3. Medulla: Consists of connective tissue, and is surrounded by the cortex. Functions of the ovary Gamete production Oogenesis The ovaries are the site of production and periodical release of egg cells (female gametes) Endocrine function secrete estrogen, testosterone and progesterone Female reproductive system Female reproductive system 39 2024 - 2025 Task (1)  Fill in the space A. ………………………….. B. ………………………….. C. ………………………….. D. ………………………….. E. ………………………….. F. ………………………….. G. ………………………….. H. ………………………….. I. …………………………..