Chapter 1: Introduction to Basic Concepts of Physics PDF

11 of 1 Chapter (1) Introduction to basic concepts of physics 1  Content of this chapter 8D 61 9193 Types of motion (translational motion and periodic motio...

11 of 1 Chapter (1) Introduction to basic concepts of physics 1  Content of this chapter 8D 61 9193 Types of motion (translational motion and periodic motion). a o Displacement,as.ws Em momentum, si Velocity, Acceleration, Newton's laws of motion Forces inj s Work and energy. mass t a speed 2  1.1 What is Physics Physics is the study of the natural phenomena and expressed these phenomena as a mathematical equations which is called Laws of nature. The laws of physics can be used to predict the results of future experiments. Physics is based on experimental observations and quantitative measurements. Physicist is a scientist who studies physics, through observation of natural phenomena and try to find Physics is the science of patterns and principles that relate these phenomena. measurements  1.1.2 SI Units System & Standards The measurement of any quantity is made relative to a particular standard or unit. 3 All measured physical quantities have units. Units are VITAL in physics!! The SI system of units: SI = “ Systéme International ” (French) M 70kg MI Kg S More commonly called the “MKS system” (meter-kilogram-second) or more simply, “the metric system” t 3s 4  1.1.3 SI or MKS System Defined in terms of standards (a standard  one unit of a physical quantity) for length, mass, time, …. s Length : The standard unit of length is Meter (m) (kilometer = km = 1000 m) Time : The standard unit of time is the second (s). Mass : The standard unit of mass is the Kilogram (kg) (kilogram = kg = 1000 g) In e 5  1.1.4 Base Quantities versus Derived Quantities Physical quantities can be divided into: Base quantities was 7 are It is the seven quantities in 3 31 the SI system and must be 841 define in terms of standard 7 856 6  1.7 SI Derived Quantities and Units All physical quantities are defined in terms of the base quantities Both the quantity and its unit are derived from a combination of base units, using a defining equation. Example: Derived units for speed, acceleration and force: Distance (m)  velocity (m/s) Speed (m/s)  Acceleration (m/s2 )  Time (s) Time (s) Force (Newton, N)  Mass (kg)  Acceleration (m/s 2 ) 1N  1Kg.m/s 2 = A ratio of mass (kg) to volume (𝒎𝟑 ) 88 Density 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 7  v a 5 f ME yEKg t.mg pens y M s2 1 L MY M length 4887m g m ice me  1.1.5 Unit Prefixes 15,41  Prefixes correspond to powers of 10.  Each prefix has a specific name.  Each prefix has a specific abbreviation.  The prefixes can be used with any basic units.  They are multipliers of the basic unit. 8  49 1000 K 103 jp 7 106 7000000 7M 3 w 0 m 10 IW 7 10 0,222 7 79 16g pais 9 3km d 7mm and 100 im M mass fit m meter w F M milli dis 153  1.1.6 Other Systems of Units A second metric system is the Centimeter-Gram-Second, abbreviated is (CGS) system. In which the centimeter, gram, and second are the standard units of length, mass, and time. Centimeter = 0.01 meter, Gram = 0.001 kilogram The British engineering system takes as its standards the foot for length, the pound for mass, and the second for time. T British (foot-pound-second) system. Still used in some countries like USA. 9