DNA and Cell Cycle Review Answer Key PDF

DNA and The Cell Cycle- Test Review Test day. Student's copy down their test day. To complete this worksheet, you will need to get your notes from class. Then go over work completed in class to find the answers. If you need to use google on your Chromebook, that should be a last resor...

DNA and The Cell Cycle- Test Review Test day. Student's copy down their test day. To complete this worksheet, you will need to get your notes from class. Then go over work completed in class to find the answers. If you need to use google on your Chromebook, that should be a last resort. Part of learning how to study properly is learning to go through your own material that you have collected and worked on. Part 1: DNA 1. DNA stands for: _Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2. The monomer that makes up DNA is called a nucleotide 3. Nucleotides have three parts: i. Sugar (deoxyribose) ii. Phosphate iii. Nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G) 4. Draw a nucleotide and label it in the space provided. XIX sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G). 5. There are four nitrogenous bases. They are called (use the full name and then  letter) : i. Adeninc (A) ii. Thymine (T) iii. Cytosine (c) iv. Guanine (G) 6. What do DNA molecules look like? _double helix; twisted ladder 7. What substances make up the sides of the ladder? Sugar + phosphate 8. What substances make up the rungs of the ladder? nitrogenous bases 9. Can you label the DNA molecule below? S-sugar P-phosphate SINNS N-nitrogenous base P SINNS P SNINS 10. How do sugars and phosphates bond? Covalently (covalent bonds) 11. How do the nitrogenous bases bond together?_hydrogen bonds 12. How do the nitrogenous bases in the ladder pair up: 13. Adenine bonds with Thymine 14. Guanine bones with __Cytosine hydrogen bonds 3 hydrogen bonds 15. One half of a DNA molecule is shown. In the space provided place the letter corresponding to the nitrogen base that will pair up during replication. G phosphate A T G G  sugar T C T C C T A A nitrogen base A G T Τ 16. One half of a DNA molecule is shown. In the space provided place the letter corresponding to the nitrogen base that will pair up during replication. G T T ol A A A G T G ol G T GC A 17. Can you fill in the correct base pairs that bond with the base pairs below?  TA GGCAT ATCCGTAG CT GCA ACT A CGTTG GA 18. Determine the complimentary DNA sequence for AGCTAGGGC. TCGATCCCG 19. What is the complimentary DNA strand for the sequence GCTAATCGAC? CGATTAGCTG 20. How is DNA copied? DNA is copied before. mitosis during interphase. The DNA unwinds and separates. It is copied by enzymes that make two strands the same as the first strand. 21. What are proteins? Proteins build cells and tissues, they are chains. of amino acids. proteins are made on ribosomes. based on instructions on genes found on DNA. 22. What is RNA? RNA Is ribonucleic acid. It carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. There are three types. 23. What are the three kinds of RNA?  messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries the message from nucleus. ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - in the ribosomes building proteins. transfer RNA (+RNA) - corries amino aads. 24. How is RNA different than DNA? DNA - double stranded -deoxyribose sugar -Thymine - RNA - single stranded -ribose sugar -Uracil 25. What is a gene? A gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome that contains the instructions to make specific proteins. 26. What is a mutation? A mutation is any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell. 27. What can cause mutations? IF DNA is not copied correctly it will cause permanent changes to the DNA sequence of the gene. Risk factors include radiation, smoking, etc. 28. In class we learned about different scientists that worked with DNA. Please place the famous discovery made by each scientist beside the name on the table below: Scientist:  29. Rosaland Franklin Discovery: discovered that DNA was two chains of molecules. 30. James Watson and Francis Crick Part2: The Cell Cycle S PHASE DNA REPLICATION S G2 made the current model for DNA (from Franklin's results). Σ INTERPHASE G 1 NUCLEAR DIVISION BY MITOSIS CELL DIVISION (CYTOKINESIS) 31. In class we learned about three stages in the cell cycle. The three stages are: Interphase Stage 1: Stage 2: Mitosis Stage 3: Cytokinesis 32. What type of cells undergo mitosis? _Body cells in humans and 33. Mitosis turns 1 parent cell into a other organ ISMS. 2 daughter cells. 34. Label the diagram below: chromosome  chromatin DNA 35. Name each stage of mitosis and write a brief description in the box of what takes place during that stage. Make a sketch of each stage in each of the circles. Cytokinesis & Interphase Stage: Prophase Description: -chromosomes become Visible nuclear membrane Gi nudeolus disappears Spindle fibres form centrioles move to the poles Stage: Telophase Description: nudcar membrane o nucleolus reappear Spindles disappear 'chromosomes decondense  Two nuclei form ·Cytokinesis begins as the cytoplasm starts to divide. The Stages of Mitosis Stage: Metaphase Description: chromosomes are pulled by The spindle fibres to line up In the middle of the cell. Stage: Anaphase Description: One chromatid from each chromosome moves to each pole of the cell as the Spindle fibres contract. 36. What is cytokinesis? It is part of the cell division process at the end of mitosis where the cytoplasm of the parent cell divides into two daughter cells. 37. How is cytokinesis different in plant and animal cells? In plant cells a cell wall forms between the two nuclei. In an animal cell the cell membrane "pinches" in the middle. 38. What happens in interphase? In interphase, the cell grows, it preforms its functions (like matingproteins) and replicates its DNA. 39. How much time does the cell spend in mitosis? In interphase? The cell spends a few hours in mitosis usually (10% of the time). 90% of the time is in interphase. 40. What is the difference between chromatin, chromatids, chromosomes, and centromeres? Chromatin - is DNA strands organized around proteins, Chromosomes are condensed chromatin so it's easy to move around the cell. Chromatids are Singular copies of the DNA on a chromosome. Centromeres hold the chromatids together to form an X shape. They are in the middle and attach to spindle. 41. Draw the structures above in the box below and label your drawings: chromatin chromosome  centromere 5 protein DNA Ichromat id I 42. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell? 46 43. Label the drawings below: A Prophase B Mctaphase 2 Spindle fibre 1 centriole (aster chromosome E Interphase yenuclear C Anaphase membrane  6 cell membrane 7 Nucleolus 8 centrioles D Telophase 3 sister Chromatids 5 chromatin chromosomes Metaphase 4 cytoplasm xxx centrioles spindle fibre  equatorial platc Anaphase Prophase Interphase Telophas e