Type 2 Diabetes Drug Comparison PDF
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Uploaded by EntrancingTheory9758
William Paterson University
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Summary
This document is a comparison of different drug classes used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. It compares the mechanism of action, routes of administration, A1C lowering, weight effect, and associated costs of various medications like Biguanides, SGLT2 inhibitors, and Insulin Analogs.
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Type 2 Diabetes Drug Class Comparison * Hypoglycemia T2DM Drug Class Mechanism...
Type 2 Diabetes Drug Class Comparison * Hypoglycemia T2DM Drug Class Mechanism Route A1C Lowering Weight Effect* Cost Risk Decreases hepatic production of Biguanides (metformin) glucose; increases insulin sensitivity Oral No Potential for weight loss SGLT2 inhibitors Increases urinary glucose excretion Oral No Weight loss Increases glucose-dependent insulin ** GLP-1 receptor agonists release; decreases glucagon secretion; SQ/Oral No slows gastric emptying Weight loss** Increases glucose-dependent insulin GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists release; decreases glucagon secretion; SQ No (e.g. tirzepatide) slows gastric emptying Weight loss Increases glucose-dependent insulin DPP-4 inhibitors release; decreases glucagon secretion Oral No Neutral Increases insulin sensitivity in ^ Thiazolidinediones muscle, fat and liver cells; increases Oral No glucose entry into cells Weight gain Stimulates insulin secretion from Sulfonylureas pancreatic beta cells Oral Yes No Weight gain Insulin Analogs SQ Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat tissue; Yes inhibits hepatic glucose production Weight gain Titrate to response Human Insulin SQ/Inhaled More clinical pearls at pyrls.com ® 2023 Cosmas Health, Inc. and/or its affiliates SQ = subcutaneous *The extent of A1C lowering and weight change is highly variable based upon factors including but not limited to baseline A1C, baseline weight, patient-specific characteristics, lifestyle modifications, and whether monotherapy or a multi-drug regimen is being utilized. **The GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and subcutaneous semaglutide have notably greater A1C-lowering efficacy and weight loss effects than other GLP-1 receptor agonists. ^Pioglitazone is generic and has low cost; however, rosiglitazone (Avandia®), which is currently unavailable in the U.S., is not available as a generic. References: ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al., American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care 2023;46(Suppl. 1):S140–S157. Individual product manufacturer prescribing information.
