Chapter 18 Drug Therapy for Diabetes PDF

Chapter 18 DRUG THERAPY FOR DIABETES Lesson 18.1 (1 of 4)  Describe the differences between diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 and explain why most drugs used for type 2 are not useful for diabetes type 1.  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse eff...

Chapter 18 DRUG THERAPY FOR DIABETES Lesson 18.1 (1 of 4)  Describe the differences between diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 and explain why most drugs used for type 2 are not useful for diabetes type 1.  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of the insulin stimulators and the biguanides.  Explain what to teach patients and families about the insulin stimulators and the biguanides. Lesson 18.1 (2 of 4)  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of the insulin sensitizers and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.  Explain what to teach patients and families about the insulin sensitizers and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of the incretin mimetics and the amylin analogs. Lesson 18.1 (3 of 4)  Explain what to teach patients and families about the incretin mimetics and the amylin analogs.  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of the DPP-4 inhibitors and the sodium-glucose cotransport inhibitors.  Explain what to teach patients and families about the DPP-4 inhibitors and the sodium-glucose cotransport inhibitors. Lesson 18.1 (4 of 4)  List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of insulin preparations.  Explain what to teach patients and families about insulin preparations.  Blood Glucose Control  Diabetes mellitus: Chronic disorder of metabolism  Glucose: A sugar-based nutrient that is critical for energy production in cells and organs  Insulin: Necessary for the metabolism and use of glucose in the body  Hypoglycemia: Blood glucose levels are lower than normal  Pancreas  Alpha cells- release glucagon  Beta cells- release insulin  Type 1 and type 2 diabetes Loss of Glucose Control  Diabetes mellitus  Type I  Type II  Hyperglycemia  Gestational diabetes Classification of Diabetes Mellitus  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM type 1) is an autoimmune disorder in which the beta cells of the pancreas that store and release insulin are destroyed when a person’s own immune system takes destructive actions and produces antibodies against the insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas.  Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) is a disorder in which the person continues to make some insulin but it does not bind well to its receptors so there is a reduced response of the body to insulin, known as insulin resistance.  Glycemic Control  Hyperglycemia  Hypoglycemia 200  Day to day capillary  Fasting >126  Fasting 70-105   Postprandial 200  Long term  HbA1c (glycosylated hemaglobin 