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# What is the Scientific Method? **Scientific Research Workshop** Scientists follow these steps to investigate natural phenomena: 1. **Make Observations:** Observe a phenomenon. In the case of bread, combining flour, salt, water, and yeast creates dough, kneading makes it like a sponge, and th...

# What is the Scientific Method? **Scientific Research Workshop** Scientists follow these steps to investigate natural phenomena: 1. **Make Observations:** Observe a phenomenon. In the case of bread, combining flour, salt, water, and yeast creates dough, kneading makes it like a sponge, and the volume increases. 2. **State the Problem:** Determine the best temperature for bread dough to rise. 3. **Formulate a Hypothesis:** Examples include: * The hotter the dough, the faster it rises. * Room temperature is best, because yeast is a living thing. * Temperature doesn't influence the process. 4. **Design an Experiment:** Identify the control factor (everything else that remains consistent). The variables are temperature. The constants are amount of dough, humidity, light, and time. **Materials:** * Fresh yeast tablets * Flour * Water * 3 glass containers * Marker * Thermometer **Procedure:** **Step 1:** Dilute 25g of yeast into 200cm³ of warm water. **Step 2:** Combine 250g of flour with the water and yeast. Knead the dough well. **Step 3:** Divide the dough into three equal pieces. Place each piece in a glass container, marking its height. Cover each with a cloth or damp paper towel. **Step 4:** Place the containers in different locations: * Refrigerator (4-5°C) * Warm place * Bowl of water (60-70°C). Keep the water temperature constant. **Step 5:** Mark the height of the dough every 5 minutes. **Analysis of Results:** * Examine results and answer the questions: * At what temperature is yeast most active (4-5°C, room temperature, or above 60°C)? * If the fastest-growing sample is left for more hours, will yeast activity continue or stop? * Repeat the experiment using samples from the water (60°C) bowl and refrigerator. Does the yeast activate when it reaches room temperature? * **Draw Conclusions:** Summarize the findings and discuss them with classmates. **Observational Studies:** In ecological/geological investigations, variables in natural settings cannot be controlled. Research is conducted by observing how things are, such as an example of how altitude affects plant growth. **Example of Observational Study (diagram):** (A diagram shows altitude and different types of plants/trees. Temperatures are listed at different elevations on the mountain (e.g., 8°C, 10°C, 12°C, 14°C)). **Temperature's Role in the Study:** The diagram shows that temperature varies with altitude. This variation impacts the kinds of plants that grow at different elevations..