Diversity in the Living World - Part I PDF

DIVERSITY IN THE LIVNG WORLD  ICSE SYLLABUS A brief outline of the five Kingdom classification. Main characteristics of each kingdom with suitable examples: Monera, Protista, Fungi. Plantae - Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. Animalia - non-chordates from Porifera...

DIVERSITY IN THE LIVNG WORLD  ICSE SYLLABUS A brief outline of the five Kingdom classification. Main characteristics of each kingdom with suitable examples: Monera, Protista, Fungi. Plantae - Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. Animalia - non-chordates from Porifera to Echinodermata and Chordates – all five Classes. Think Critically…………. Five kingdom classification is more appropriate than two kingdoms classification like earlier days? Complete the following table Complete the following table Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Present Present Present Absent Present Present Present Present Unicellular Unicellular Multicellula Multicellula Autotrophic Autotrophic r r and and Heterotroph Autotrophic heterotrophi heterotrophi ic c c Learning intension: Species are named and classified using an internationally agreed system. There are some principles to be followed in the classification of living organisms.  Success criteria: ❑Outline of the Five kingdom classification ❑Identify the basic features of Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi ❑Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics ❑Differentiate between various groups of animals based on their characteristics ❑Differentiate between invertebrates and vertebrates ❑List the identifying features of various plant and animal groups Five Kingdom classification Song Obj: Outline of the Five kingdom classification  The Five Kingdoms Kingdom Characteristics Examples Monera are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. Monera Bacteria, Blue-green algae They lack membrane-bound organelles. Protista Protists are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms. Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium Fungi are non-motile plants that are heterotrophs. Fungi Mushrooms, Yeast, Bread molds They are unable to perform photosynthesis. Plants are multicellular, eukaryotes that perform photosynthesis to obtain their nutrition. They all Moss, Ferns, Grass, Flowering Plantae possess chloroplasts and have distinct cell walls plants, Trees made of cellulose. Animalia Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic. Insects, Birds, Humans Obj: Identify the basic features of Kingdom Monera Kingdom Monera Unicellular prokaryotes DNA or nucleoid is distributed in the cell without being enclosed in a membrane Nuclear material is distributed without a membrane around it These also devoid of membrane bound organelles like mitochondria Obj: Identify the basic features of Kingdom Protista Kingdom Protista Unicellular eukaryotes Few are autotrophic and few are heterotrophic Few are unicellular and few are multicellular Unicellular examples: Chlamydomonas, Unicellular heterotrophs: Amoeba, Paramecium Multicellular photosynthetic : Pandorina Obj: Identify the basic features of Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Achlorophyllous, multicellular, eukaryotic and saprophytic Body is made of thread like hyphae Cells of hyphae are multicellular and continuously distributed in the cytoplasm Ex: Bread mould, Toadstool, Yeast, Penicillium Obj: Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics THALLOPHYTA BRYOPHYTA PTERIDOPHYTA KINGDOM PLANTAE ANGIOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS MONOCOTYLEDONS DICOTYLEDONS  NON – FLOWERING PLANTS ; THALLOPHYTA (thallus-undifferentiated body, phyta-plant) These plants are commonly called Algae. They have thallus like body i.e, plant body is not differentiated into stem, root and leaves but is in the form of an undivided thallus. These plants are aquatic. EXAMPLES: Sea weeds, Kelps  BRYOPHYTA There are the simplest form of land plants. They are the first land plants to live on land and water and are therefore, called the Amphibians of the plant kingdom. Plants have false root like structures (rhizoids) stem like structures (caulids) and leaf like structures (phyllids). Examples: Moss (Funaria) and Liverwort (Riccia, Marchantia) belong to this variety of plants. PTERIDOPHYTA The plant body is differentiated into stem, leaves and roots. Leaves usually have leaflets. Spores are borne on the undersurface of the leaf. They are non-flowering plants. Ex: all ferns  Obj: Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics GYMNOSPERMS These are naked seeded plants that is seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. These are non-flowering plants They bear seeds in structures called CONES The male cone which produces pollen. The female cones bear ovules along the two margins. They are either trees or shrubs They are of two types- cycads and conifers Obj: Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics ANGIOSPERMS This includes all flowering plants Body consists of highly developed plant body that has roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits The seeds are enclosed in a fruit Plant embryos in seeds have structure called Cotyledons. Based on the number of cotyledons (seed-leaves) that form the seed this group is divided into: Monocotyledons (One seed leaf) Example: Rice, Wheat Dicotyledons (two seed leaves) Example: Beans, Mango Obj: Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics Obj: Differentiate between various groups of plants based on their characteristics