DISEASE V PDF

5 Diseases 218T CENTURY "Critical Thinking " Communication Warm-up...

5 Diseases 218T CENTURY "Critical Thinking " Communication Warm-up SKILLS " ANALYSING " EVALUATING " SPEAKING Look at the picture given alongside and answer the following questions orally. 1. What are the children doing? 2. Are they doing the right thing? 3. What can happen if they eat such food? A condition in which certain functions of the body get disturbed or some parts of the body get damaged is called a disease. Different types of diseases can affect different parts of the body and their functioning. The indications given by the body to show the presence of a disturbance or a disease are called symptoms. For example, fever is a symptom of a disease. If you get an infection in your throat, throat pain is asymptom of the infection. Diseases can be of two types -communicable and non-communicable diseases. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Diseases that can pass from one person to another person are called communicable or infectious diseases. Such diseases are caused by microorganisms that can be seen only under amicroscope. Disease-causing microorganisms or microbes are also called germs. using amicroscope disease : condition in which certain functions of the body get disturbed or some parts of the body get damaged *symptoms : indications given by the body to show the presence of a disturbance or a disease communicable diseases : diseases that can pass on from one person to another person germs : disease-causing microorganisms  Did You Know? AmicroScope is an instrument used to see objects that are to0 small to be seen by the nakedeye. The purpose of a microscope is to magnify extremely small objects so that scientists can see and study them. disease. When a germ enters A germ of aparticular type can cause a specific body. Germs are the human body, it causes the corresponding disease in the of four main types-bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Spread of communicable diseases Germs are found everywhere around us. They live in polluted air, unclean water and in soil. They also live inside the bodies of plants, insects and animals. Germs can reach the human body through various ways. Spread from one person to another When aperson carrying the germs of a particular disease comes in contact with ahealthy person, the germs can get transferred. The germs enter the body of the healthyperson and that person then suffers from the disease carried by the germs. Measles, COVID-19 and ringworm are some infectious diseases that can spread through direct contact between adiseased and ahealthy person. 21sT CENTURY " Critical Thinking " Communication Speak On SKILLS " SYNTHESISING INFORMATION EXPLAINING " SPEAKING Conduct adiscussion on COVID-19 (a disease caused by the novel coronavirus) that caused havoc all over the world during 2019-2021. Spread through food and water Germs carrying diseases such as cholera, typhoid, jaundice and food poisoning are found in food and water. Such food and water are said to be contaminated. When a person eats or drinks such contaminated food and water, the germs reach the body and cause diseases. 214 contaminated: made dirty, polluted or poisonous by the addition of a chemical, waste or infection  Some germs grow in overripe Food cooked in unclean Germs can get into your fruits and spoilt food. vessels or kept in unclean food when youtouch it with places may have germs. dirty hands. Keep your surroundings clean. Do not eat food Wash your hands before Do not eat such food. you touch food or water. kept in unclean places. Germs from the air often Germs can get into your body Flies carry germs. settle on food and drinking through faeces. water that are kept open. Do not eat food or drink Wash your hands with soap fruit juices or water from Keep food and water covered. and water after you go to roadside stalls. the toilet. Flies that sit and feed on contaminated food and water carry the germs on their bodies. They sit on clean food and water, and contaminate them too. Therefore, it is necessary to keep food and water covered and protected from such organisns at all times. One should avoid eating Flies contaminate food. food from roadside stalls that keep food uncovered. It is also important towash hands each time before eating as wellas after eating. Did You Know? The food we eat might appear to be clean but it still contains some amount of germs. The acid present in the stomach helps to kill the germs that enter our body through food. Spread through air When a person suffering from aparticular disease coughs orsneezes, thegerms in the person's body are released into the air. These germs float in the air and es  reach other people in the surroundings. When a healthy person breathes in the air containing the germs, he/she too gets the disease. Diseases such as measles, Covid-19, chickenpox, tuberculosis, influenzaand cough spread throughair. Communicable diseases spread through air. Spread through insect bites Mosquitoes and bugs suck and feed on the blood of humans and animals. When they bite a sick person, they also take up the germs present in the person's different types of mosquitoes blood. As they move on to bite another person, they pass on these germs to his/her body. Diseases such as malaria, dengue andchikungunya are spread through mosquito bites. Did You Know? Atype of fish called Guppy is known to feed on insect larvae and survive in any kind of habitat. They have been introduced intomany rivers in Asia to reduce numbers of larvae of mosquitoand control the spread of malaria disease. 21sT Quick Check CENTUr Analysing SKLLS Tick () the correct options. 1. Adisease that spreads through contaminated food and water is O cholera. Omalaria. 2. Adisease that spreads through air is typhoid. influenza. 16 3. Adisease that spreads through mosquito bite is dengue. cough.  List of some communicable diseases Prevention Diseases Germs Causes Symptoms avoid food and cholera bacteria contaminated food frequent water from and water vomiting. watery stools unclean sources high fever, avoid food and typhoid bacteriacontaminated body ache, water from food and water, sometimes through headache, unclean sources contact with an stomach ache, infected person diarrhoea or constipation protozoa mosquito bite high fever, take preventive malaria headache, medicine, do body ache, not let water nausea, chills collect in your surroundings influenza virus contaminated air, cough, running avoid contact contact with an nose, fever, with an infected headache person infected person ringworm fungi poor hygiene, scaly ring follow proper infection contact with an formation on hygiene, avoid infected person skin or arms contact with an and legs, itchy infected person rash on the skin isolate the COVID-19 virus Itspreads through fever, dry (corona-small droplets from cough infected person, nose and mouth associated wear a face virus) that are expelled with difficulty mask to avoid when the infected in breathing, inhaling infected person coughs or chest pain or air, wash your sneezes. These pressure, loss hands frequently droplets often settle of speech or with soap, use an alcohol-based down on surfaces of movement, various objects. If tiredness hand sanitiser aperson touching if outside, maintain at least such infected 6 feet distance surface touches from people if his eyes, nose or you go Outside mouth, he/she can 217 become infected.  Prevention of communicable diseases Communicable diseases can be prevented by following the given measures: separate A person infected with a communicable disease should be kept from healthy persons of the family. kept and cleaned Things touched and used by an infected person should be separately. time to prevent flies Food and drinking water should be kept covered allI the from sitting on them. prevent the growth Waste bins and sewage pipes should be kept covered to of germs on them. Mosquitoes Water should not be allowed to collect and stand in any place. increase in the and flies lay eggs in such places. This in turn causes an number of flies and mosquitoes. In seasons when there are lots of mosquitoes, one should apply mosquito repellent creams and sleep under mosquito nets to avoid mosquito bites. While going outside, one should wear a face mask, carry a bottle of hand sanitiser and maintain 6 feet distance from other people. One should practise personal hygiene by washing hands with soap regularly. Vaccination Many germs are present around us most of the time. They can enter our body and cause manydifferent kinds of diseases. To prevent such germs from causing diseases, vaccines can be taken. vaccine being given as vaccinesare given a vaccine prepares the body is prepared to oral drops as injections or the body to fight fight against infection oral drops against certain germs caused by the germs Vaccines are prepared from weaker germs of a particular disease. When these vaccines are introduced in to a human being, the human body develops the ability to kill those germs as they are weak and cannot grow inside the body to cause that particular disease. Vaccines prepare the body to fight against germs I8 the next time they enter the body.  Vaccination thus helps to fight against common diseases caused by germs present in the surroundings. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called non-communicable or non-infectious diseases. Such diseases are generally caused by improper functions of Quick Check 2167 CENTUKY " Remembering Some body parts or by the lack of SKILLS Match the following: proper nutrients in the diet. That is why they are sometimes also A B COVID-19 protozoa called deficiency diseases. Some of these diseases are passed on cholera virus from parents to their children. ringworm infection bacteria malaria fungi Cancer, diabetes, heart problems and anaemia are some non-communicable diseases. List of some deficiency diseases Diseases Symptoms Causes Cure night improper vision in lack of vitamin A eating carrots, blindness dim light in the diet spinach, fish, eggs, papayas rickets bowlegs, knock vitaminD taking milk,fish, knees, thickening and calcium meat, fish liver of knees and ankles deficiency oils, egg yolk, cheese goitre Swelling in the neck iodine deficiency using iodised salt, region in the diet eating seafoods Scurvy bleeding gums lack of vitamin C regular intake of in the diet lemons, oranges vaccination : injecting weakened germs in the body to prepare the body to fight against those germs the next time they enter the body * non-communicable diseases :diseases that do not spread from one person to 219 another  Diseases Symptoms Causes Cure anaemia fall in haemoglobin deficiency of iron eating spinach, level in blood, nuts, pulses, fish weakness and eggs kwashiorkor Swollen stomach, lack of proteins taking diet rich in and proteinssuch as stunted growth marasmus pulses, eggs and milk CONCEPT RECALL a i n i nd gi s t a n c e Maintainine f r op m eople Contac Food and water Using face mask Vaccination Air Personalhygien Insects Prevention and cleanlines5 Spread Communicable DISEASES Non-communicable Hon of I m p r o p ef rn c t i o t iceny diseaseS Some bod p y arts EXERCISES I. Tick () the correct options. 1. It is acommunicable disease COVID-19 anaemia 220 Ogoitre )diabetes