English For Academic And Professional Purposes, Quarter 2 2024-2025 PDF

EAPP English For Academic and Professional Purposes QUARTER 2 | 2024-2025 |Bethelen Jewel P. Gaviola KINDS OF REPORT STRUCTURES OF REPORTS 1. Survey Report...

EAPP English For Academic and Professional Purposes QUARTER 2 | 2024-2025 |Bethelen Jewel P. Gaviola KINDS OF REPORT STRUCTURES OF REPORTS 1. Survey Report IMRAD A survey report presents information gathered through a  INTRODUCTION survey, as well as its results and analysis. Introduce the phenomenon. Aims to collect data in the most unbiased way possible in Identify the research problems or questions. order to obtain accurate results.  Methodology Steps in creating a Survey Report Explain the data gathering and procedure.  Decide on the content of the survey Collect data.  Confirm the target audience  Send out the survey through a channel  RESULTS  Analyze the survey results Synthesized the data. Present Findings. 2. Field Report Aims to describe the observations of people, places,  DISCUSSION and/or events. Interpret and present data. This analyze the observation of data and categorize them Solve or suggest solutions. into themes in relation to the research study. Specific Sections Steps in creating Field Report  Preliminaries  Decide on the aspects that need to be observed This includes the title page, abstract, and  Take note of the observations in a systematic way table of contents. Written /Typed notes  Main Body Photos This section covers the introduction, RRL’s, Videos and audio recording methodology, discussion and conclusion. Illustrations and Drawings  References  Analyze the data using themes This has the list of the sources presented  Use a theoretical framework in order to fit all according to a specific referencing format. observations into a research study  Appendices This section contains the transcriptions, field 3. Laboratory Report /Technical Report notes, questionnaires, and other pertinent The laboratory report has two major aims: to document information gathered by the researcher. findings and communicate their significance by sharing reports Structure of Survey Report  Explanation of the nature of respondents Steps in creating a Lab Report and why they were chosen for the report.  Determine what is being observed  Introduction of what is being studied and  Create and control the experiment the  Conduct the experiment in the laboratory  significance of the use of a survey in this  Observe results situation.  Report the Findings  Description of relevant terms in the report. EAPP MEOW!!!! 1  EAPP English For Academic and Professional Purposes QUARTER 2 | 2024-2025 |Bethelen Jewel P. Gaviola Structure of Field Report  In the introduction, highlight the explanation of the 4. Clarity phenomenon being studied and the purpose of the - Use the same tense and point of view, depending report. A field report talks about how certain on what is necessary for the principles are applied in a setting, so it is important section of the report. to give readers a clear background of the report. 5. Consistency  In the methods section, describe the research - This should be applied in terms of formatting, environment and subjects clearly since the nature of the report requires field observation. the formality of language use, style of  Ensure that the presentation of the results is still presentation of results, and citations andm comprehensive, coherent, logical, and complete. referencing.  Provide direct quotations or statements from FEATURES AND STRUCTURES OF SURVEYS interviewed Gather information from a large number of people in a set  respondents to explain or justify interpretations amount of time. of significant results  Postal Survey Method of data collection where questionnaires are sent to Structure of Field Report respondents via mail.  In the introduction, define relevant terms that will be used in the study. A technical report  Telephone Interviews pertains to experimental studies and may cause Remote interview conducted over the phone, typically used confusion if terms are not properly introduced or as a preliminary screening step in the hiring process. defined. The definition of relevant terms should be based on the context of the report, not on their  Face-to-face Interview dictionary meaning. Where the interviewer and respondent interact directly in  Specify in the methods section all necessary person. techniques and procedures that will be included in the report.  Internet Survey  The contents of the results and discussion should Interviews conducted via online platforms or digital be considerate of the target readers of the report. communication tools. Guidelines of making Report Writing MEDIUM OF SURVEY 1. Cohesion  INTERVIEWER-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE - Use transitional words to relate an idea, - The questions can be more complex as the word, sentence, or paragraph to another idea, interviewers can clarify them. However, the word, sentence, or paragraph. presence of an interviewer may pressure 2. Citation respondents to answer "appropriately rather than - You may cite sources in all sections of truthfully. a research report.  SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONAIRE 3. Content - Answered by the respondents alone, should have - Do not just focus on following the guidelines; clear instructions and questions, follow a logical make sure that the content is meaty and is based order, and avoid complex filtering. The on reliable sources. respondents in a self-administered questionnaire are more likely to answer truthfully when not prompted by an interviewer. EAPP MEOW!!!! 2  EAPP English For Academic and Professional Purposes QUARTER 2 | 2024-2025 |Bethelen Jewel P. Gaviola Non-Structured Question TYPES OF QUESTIONS - open-ended and require grouping for analysis 1. Structured questions OPTION - close-ended, offer the respondent a closed set of - the options given to the respondents for each question responses to choose from. should be as exhaustive as possible. This will ensure that  Rating Question they can pick an option that best suits their answer. - asks respondents to explain the degree in which they feel about a certain topic. FILTERING  Ranking Question - Some survey questions may not require responses based - asks respondents to explain how they feel about on previous answers, utilizing filtering to direct something by comparing it to other items in a list. respondents to relevant questions. However, excessive 2. Non- Structured Question filtering should be avoided, as it can confuse participants - open-ended questions are items where there is no and complicate the questionnaire. list of choices to answer. Respondents are simply asked to write their own response to a question. ORDER OF QUESTIONS 3. Partially structured questions - should follow a logical sequence. A common rule is to start - you may still have some doubt or uncertainty with simple questions before moving on to more about other possible responses and are open to complicated ones. new ones(nag sagol ang duha). DOUBLE-BARRELED QUESTIONS DESIGNING A SURVEY - One mistake to avoid is asking a double-barrelled question. Avoid asking two things in one question. This will make it more difficult for you to interpret and analyze the Qualities of a Good Questionnaire data you have collected later on. 1. Valid AMBIGUOUS QUESTION - should ask for precisely what it intends to learn - Avoid ambiguous questions and be as specific as possible 2. Reliable when asking a question. For example, terms such as - should provide consistent answers when the same "seldom," "sometimes," and "often" may mean different question is asked repeatedly within a short time things to different people. Keep questionnaire items short, 3. Interesting preferably less than 20 words. - more likely to be completed by the respondent, thus providing a higher response rate FORMAT 4. Succinct - title should be highlighted and it should give a hint to the - asks questions that are straight to the point and only main objective of the research. answer the research objectives - Divide the questionnaire into sections according to the content (e.g. boxes with bold headings) and it should flow INDEPENDENT FACTOR smoothly from one section to another with filtering if - conditions or elements that act on their own and are not necessary. influenced by other factors - prepare and include a cover letter stating the objective of DEPENDENT FACTOR your study, affiliations, and how you are going to use the - conditions that are influenced or determined by other information that you will gather through the survey. If factors appropriate ensure the confidentiality. PILOT TEST - This can help find any flaws in the questionnaire in terms Structured Question content, grammar, and format. - provide predetermined options EAPP MEOW!!!! 3  EAPP English For Academic and Professional Purposes QUARTER 2 | 2024-2025 |Bethelen Jewel P. Gaviola PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING - observe and compare them. A case group has been exposed to a phenomenon of interest, while a control group DATA COLLECTION has not. After identifying the cases and controls, you go back and observe how your event of interest occurs in the 1. ONE-ON-ONE two groups in the past, which is why case-control studies - interviewer-administered; the respondent answers are referred to as retrospective. questions from the interviewer that are either orally delivered or on a questionnaire 3. COHORT - you follow a group of people with similar characteristics 2. GROUP over a period of time. - group of people questionnaires to answer for a certain amount of time 4. ECOLOGICAL - collect data on individuals or small groups of people. 3. TELEPHONE When you are interested in studying a population - the entire survey, including informed consent, instructions, items, responses, and demographic questions, must be read to participants 4. POSTAL MAIL - This is when the researchers send the survey questionnaires through mail. - dili tanan ma hatagan sa mail mo feedback 5. ELECTRONIC - the advent of the internet and emal, this type of survey administration has become the more reliable  ENSURE CONFIDENTIALITY - Their names should be kept private, and they should also not be associated with their answers.  AIM FOR EASY WIDESPREAD PARTICIPATION - ensure that participating in your survey is convenient for your respondents if it will be done in a venue, make sure it is easily accessible to many people.  CONSIDER PROVIDING INCENTIVES - It can be something as simple as a smal tokart, a snack or any kind of food or in professional workplaces DATA COLLECTION THROUGH OBSERVATION 1. CROSS-SECTIONAL - you only collect data on observed relationships at a single point in time. You can observe several characteristics at once, for example, age and gender, and it does not involve manipulating any variables. 2. CASE-CONTROL EAPP MEOW!!!! 4