Diagnostic Procedures Cheat Sheet PDF

Diagnostic Procedures X-Ray (Radiography) Uses ionizing radiation to generate images of internal organs, soft tissues, and bones Assess colors: Black = air, white = bone, gray = tissue Completed in minutes & officially read by radiologist within 1-2 hours of scan CT...

Diagnostic Procedures X-Ray (Radiography) Uses ionizing radiation to generate images of internal organs, soft tissues, and bones Assess colors: Black = air, white = bone, gray = tissue Completed in minutes & officially read by radiologist within 1-2 hours of scan CT (Computed Tomography) Uses many x-rays to generate 3D anatomical images (each set of scans takes 5 - 10 mins) Donut-shaped scanner that may or may not use contrast Contrast is helpful for tumor identification Best way to see detail of bony structures Check renal function before giving contrast If contrast is used: Increase fluid intake, monitor output closely, & hold metformin 24 hours prior and 48 hours after MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Uses magnetic fields & radio waves to generate 3D anatomical images (lasts 15 - 60 minutes) Great for visualizing brain, spinal cord, & nerves (may show soft tissue/organ changes) May or may not use contrast Ensure client has no metal objects in/on them Old machines may deactivate pacemakers Contraindications: agitation, old tattoos Assess for claustrophobia  EGD (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy) Flexible, lighted tube with camera guided through the mouth and throat that allows for visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum EGD with biopsy = gold standard for diagnosing gastritis Post-procedure, prevent aspiration (NPO until gag reflex returns) & monitor for signs of perforation (pain, bleeding, fever) Thoracentesis For this procedure, a needle is inserted through the chest wall to remove fluid or air from the pleural space Can be diagnostic or therapeutic! Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) Spinal needle is inserted into subarachnoid space to collect CSF sample (with suspected infections like meningitis and meningoencephalitis) Can be used to measure CSF pressure, inject medications, or instill contrast dye into spinal canal Post-procedure, keep client lying flat for several hours, monitor for complications (such as increased ICP), & increase fluid intake Bronchoscopy Tube inserted into the airways to visualize lung/airway structures and collect tissue specimens for biopsy Assess respiratory status, monitor for signs of pneumothorax, keep client NPO until gag reflex returns, reassure that temporary sore throat/hoarse is possible due to trauma to the larynx and/or pharynx