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PolishedSlideWhistle5763

Uploaded by PolishedSlideWhistle5763

2024

Dhia Adeleeya Binti Ahmad Faiz

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geopolitical cold war international relations history

Summary

This document provides a study guide for a 10th-grade history exam, covering definitions and context relating to key geopolitical events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The guide covers terms like geopolitical, sovereignty, containment, nationalization, and Cold War, giving definitions and relevant historical contexts.

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Part I: Definitions Write the correct definition next to its corresponding term using TWO sentences - Your first sentence should be the DEFINITION, your second sentence should be CONTEXT TERM DEFINITION De...

Part I: Definitions Write the correct definition next to its corresponding term using TWO sentences - Your first sentence should be the DEFINITION, your second sentence should be CONTEXT TERM DEFINITION Definition: How the earth's geography affects politics, power, and international relations between 1.​ Geopolitical countries.​ ​ Context: Cuba’s 90-mile proximity to the US made it a key geopolitical location, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Definition: To govern locations, people, and resources, under their own rule without outside 2.​ Sovereignty interference.​ ​ Context: Stalin wanted Soviet sovereignty over post-war Germany during the Yalta Conference (Feb 1945). Definition: Stopping the spread of unwanted ideologies to the people or area.​ 3.​ Containment ​ Context: Containment was a US strategy during the Cold War to prevent the expansion of communism, especially evident during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Definition: When a government takes control of private industries or resources, making them 4.​ Nationalization state-owned.​ ​ Context: Cuba’s nationalization of American-owned businesses and land increased tensions with the US. Definition: A period of political, military, and ideological tension between the US and the USSR, 5.​ Cold War lasting until the end of World War II until the early 1990s​ ​ Context: The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was a critical Cold War conflict over Soviet missiles in Cuba Definition: An agreement between 2 or more countries to work together for mutual benefit.​ 6.​ Alliance ​ Context: The alliance between Cuba and the USSR strengthened after Fidel Castro came to power. Definition: A group of US government officials formed to advise President JFK during the Cuban 7.​ ExComm Missile Crisis (short of “Executive Committee of the National Security Council”).​ ​ Context: Excomm played a crucial role in creating the US response to Soviet missiles in Cuba. Definition: Managing international relations through negotiation and communication to avoid 8.​ Diplomacy conflict.​ ​ Context: Diplomacy between the US and the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis helped resolve Semester 1 Exam 2024: 10th Grade History the crisis, with both sides agreeing to remove missiles. Definition: Using naval or military forces to prevent goods, supplies, or people from entering or 9.​ Blockade leaving a specific area.​ ​ Context: The US imposed a naval blockade on Cuba to stop Soviet ships from delivering more missiles. Definition: Spying to gather information, often about other nation’s military or political activities.​ 10.​Espionage ​ Context: US espionage efforts -which included U-2 spy plane surveillance- revealed the Soviet missile sites in Cuba. Definition: The strategy of preventing an opponent from taking action by threatening severe 11.​Deterrence consequences.​ ​ Context: The US relied on deterrence, threatening nuclear consequences to prevent the USSR from escalating the conflict. Definition: A set of official beliefs or policies that guide a country’s actions, especially in areas like 12.​Doctrine foreign relations or military strategy.​ ​ Context: The Truman Doctrine committed the US to supporting countries resisting communism. Definition: A competition between the US and the USSR to build more powerful and advanced 13.​Nuclear Arms weapons during the Cold War.​ Race ​ Context: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a result of the nuclear arms race because both the US and the USSR had developed many nuclear weapons. Definition: The process of reducing the intensity of a conflict or tension between opposing 14.​De-escalation parties.​ ​ Context: De-escalation occurred when the US and the USSR agreed to remove their missiles, avoiding a nuclear war. Definition: Stalin’s policy focused on strengthening the USSR independently without relying on 15.​Socialism in other countries.​ One Country ​ Context: It emerged in the 1920s after failed efforts to spark political revolution abroad. Definition: Government programs in the USSR aimed to grow industry and the economy quickly.​ 16.​Five-Year Plans ​ Context: Introduced by Stalin in 1928, they focused on heavy industry and agriculture to transform the USSR into a global power. Definition: A policy in the USSR to combine small farms into large, state-controlled ones to 17.​Collectivization increase food production.​ 1 of 12 Semester 1 Exam 2024: 10th Grade History ​ Context: Introduced by Stalin in the late 1920s, it aimed to feed the growing urban workforce but caused widespread famine and resistance among farmers. Definition: Information, often biased or misleading, spread to influence people’s beliefs or 18.​Propaganda actions.​ ​ Context: Propaganda was used to promote Stalin’s policies and portray him as a strong and heroic leader. 19.​Iron Curtain Definition: The division between Eastern Europe, controlled by the USSR, and Western Europe, influenced by the US and its allies.​ ​ Context: Churchill referred to the Iron Curtain in 1946 to describe the growing division between the communist East and the democratic West during the early years of the Cold War. Definition: An official ban on trade with a specific country often to pressure it politically or 20.​Embargo economically.​ ​ Context: The US imposed an embargo on Cuba to prevent trade, as part of efforts to isolate the country. 2 of 12 Semester 1 Exam 2024: 10th Grade History Part II: Short Answer Questions Answer each question using 1 or more full sentences. 1.​ Describe the geopolitical factors leading to the Cold War. Provide at least TWO examples. The Cold War started because of tensions between the US and the USSR over political and economic systems, democracy versus communism. Examples include the division of Germany after WWII, especially over Berlin, and the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, which created mistrust with the West. 2.​ What were the main goals of the Truman Doctrine? Name TWO. The main goals were to stop the spread of communism and to provide aid to countries threatened by it, like Greece and Turkey. It aimed to protect free nations and support democracy around the world. 3.​ Explain TWO outcomes of the Yalta Conference. The Allies decided to divide Germany into four occupation zones controlled by the US, USSR, UK, and France. They also agreed that Eastern European countries would hold free elections, but the USS later took control instead. 4.​ Identify TWO key policies of Stalin's "Socialism in One Country." Two key policies of “Socialism in One Country” were rapid industrialization made the USSR economically strong and self-sufficient and the collectivization of agriculture to increase food production and support industrial workers. 5.​ Provide TWO reasons why the U.S. implemented the Marshall Plan. It was to rebuild European economies after WWII and prevent economic collapse, as well as to stop the spread of communism by promoting stability and democracy in Europe. 6.​ Name THREE key decisions made at the Potsdam Conference. The three key decisions include Germany’s demilitarization and its military industries dismantlement, Nazi leaders' international court trial for war crimes, and warning Japan to surrender unconditionally or be faced with severe consequences. 7.​ Describe THREE impacts of Stalin's Five-Year Plans on the Soviet Union. The impacts include the USSR rapidly industrialized, increasing production in areas like steel and machinery. Collectivization of farms - especially in Ukraine - led to widespread famine and suffering were also impacted by the Five Year Plans, as well as strengthening Stalin’s control over the economy but caused significant human hardship. 8.​ Identify TWO causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The two causes are the USSR secretly placing nuclear missiles in Cuba, geographically close to the US, and the US’s previous attempt to overthrow Cuba’s communist government in the Bay of Pigs invasion, increasing tensions. 3 of 12 Semester 1 Exam 2024: 10th Grade History 9.​ List THREE actions taken by the U.S. during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The three actions by the US include the placement of a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles, President JFK’s public demand for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba, and the US’s engagement in secret talks with the USSR to resolve the crisis peacefully. 10.​Name THREE measures taken by the USSR to control Eastern Europe after WWII. The USSR established communist governments in Eastern European countries, created military alliances to strengthen influence, restricted free elections, and suppressed opposition to maintain control in order to take over Eastern Europe. 11.​Identify TWO methods used in Soviet propaganda under Stalin. Stalin wanted to portray himself as a heroic leader, hence glorifying himself in posters, films, artworks, etc. The government's decisions to control media and education were also a part of Soviet propaganda to promote the success of the Five-Year Plans and collectivization. 12.​What were TWO consequences of the Great Purge on Soviet society? Millions of people were arrested, executed, or sent to labor camps creating fear and distrust. It also weakened the military and government by removing many experienced leaders and professionals. 13.​Explain TWO impacts of the Cuban Revolution on U.S.-Cuban relations. The Cuban Revolution led to Cuba becoming a communist state, which angered the US and resulted in the severing of diplomatic ties. Because of so, the US decided to impose an economic embargo on Cuba, aiming to isolate the country and prevent the spread of communism in the West. 14.​List THREE major decisions made during the Cuban Missile Crisis negotiations. It includes the USSR agreeing on the removal of its missiles from Cuba, the US’s promise not to invade Cuba, as well as a secret agreement by the US to remove its missiles from Turkey later in time. 15.​What were TWO effects of the Bay of Pigs invasion on Cold War tensions? The failure of the invasion embarrassed the US and strengthened Cuba’s alliance with the USSR. It also increased Cold War tensions by making the US appear weak and fueling Soviet distrust. 16.​Name THREE ways the Space Race influenced U.S.-Soviet relations. It increased competition between the US and the USSR, each trying to prove technological superiority. To that, the launch of Sputnik by the USSR in 1957 caused fear in the US, leading to a focus on science and education. Both nations invested heavily in space programs because of so, showcasing their power and influence globally. 4 of 12 Semester 1 Exam 2024: 10th Grade History 17.​Identify TWO immediate consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Cuba. Cuba remained a communist state, with continued Soviet support and military presence. The crisis also strengthened Fidel Castro’s position, as he was seen as a key player in defying the US and standing up to nuclear threats. 18.​List TWO reasons Khrushchev criticized Stalin in his 1956 speech. He condemned Stalin for using terror and violence to maintain control, leading to widespread fear and suffering. Khrushchev also criticized Stalin for making poor decisions, such as his handling of the Nazi invasion and his forced collectivization policies. 19.​What were THREE long-term consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis on global politics? It led to the establishment of a direct communication line between the US and the USSR, known as the “Hotline,” to prevent conflicts. The crisis also made both superpowers agree to limit nuclear weapons through treaties and made countries more cautious about direct military confrontations, emphasizing the need to avoid nuclear war. 5 of 12

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