Dental Anatomy-1 - Tagged (1).pdf

Dental Anatomy Overview Chapter 1 Small Animal Dental Procedures for VT and Nurses  Teeth Gingvia Tongue Primary Soft palate Structure Movable fold of tissue overlying the hard palate s Co...

Dental Anatomy Overview Chapter 1 Small Animal Dental Procedures for VT and Nurses  Teeth Gingvia Tongue Primary Soft palate Structure Movable fold of tissue overlying the hard palate s Connects to the pharynx Smooth no papilla Hard palate Papilla rostrally sense of smell and taste Play a role in mastication and breathing  Dental Formula Canine Feline 2 x (13/3,C1/1, P4/4, M2/3) 2 x (13/3,C1/1, P3/2, M1/1) 42 teeth 30 teeth Cats are normally missing 1st upper premolar and 1st lower premolars and 2nd lower premolar Gingiva  Soft tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth  Covering of the alveolar bone that supports the teeth  Mainly pink but can be fully or partially pigmented  2 types  Attached-  Free gingiva- Free Gingival Margin  Juncture of the gingiva and the rest of the oral mucosa is termed Mucogingival junction  Junction between the free gingiva and tooth is the sulcus  Normal depth  Up to 3mm canine  Up to 1mm feline  Pockets greater than these depths indicate presence of connective tissue loss (gingivitis) Gingiva Perio and Homecare.doc  Cranium and Face Cranium- protection of the brain and associated structures Face –oral, nasal, and Bones ocular cavities 3 primary head shapes Mesaticephalic Brachycephalic Dolichocephalic  Mandible  Supports the teeth of lower jaw  2 bones meeting at the rostral midline (symphysis) create the mandible  Fibrous joint  Doesn’t fuse totally in canine and felines  Forms the TMJ joint with the temporal bone Maxilla  Along with the palatine create the hard palate  Support the Upper canines, premolars and molars  Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity  Incisive Bone Most rostral Supports the Defects in this bone of the upper incisors bone cause a maxilla cleft palate Talk about the EYE  Close proximity to the teeth  Infected and abscessed maxillary premolars or molars can cause suborbital swelling  Minimal distance between the orbit and the infraorbital foramen  Care must be taken to avoid puncturing this site when extractions must be done  Cat!!   Diphyodont-2 sets of teeth  Polyphyodonty-teeth continually Eruption of replaced Primary Teeth  Primary=Deciduous teeth  Roots of primary teeth are absorbed as the permanent teeth erupt Tooth Week of Eruption Week of Eruption type (K9) (Fe) Incisors 3-4 2-3 Canines 3 3-4 Premolars 4-12 3-6 Molars None  Eruption of Permanent Teeth  Do not fall out and erupt at the same rate Tooth Canine Fe  As permanent tooth emerges type Month of Month of primary tooth is lost Eruption Eruption  If this does not occur, Incisors 3-5 3-4 primary tooth is retained Canines 4-6 4-5  2 teeth should not occupy the same space Premolars 4-6 4-6  Leads to rotation and Molars 5-7 4-5 malocclusions of permanent teeth  Debris accumulate leading to periodontal disease   Crown  Enamel  Cementum  Dentin Anatomy  Pulp of the  Root Tooth   Periodontal ligament Periodontium  specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Supporting Structures Periodontiu m  Crown  Most visible portion of the tooth  Made of enamel  Tip of crown is the cusp  Meets the root at the cementoenamel junction (CJE)  Problems:  Wear  Discoloration  Fractures (Fx)   Covers the crown  Approx. 1 mm in depth  Strongest surface of the body  Composed of mineral with a Enamel small quantity of water  Mineral content creates the strength of the enamel but makes it brittle too  Chips are a common finding  Cementum  Mineralize Connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth  Begins at the CEJ and continues apically  CEJ is also known as the neck of the tooth  Where enamel and cementum meet  Dull and often pitted  Softer than enamel and dentin  Periodontal ligament penetrate cementum to help keep root of tooth in socket  Dentin Comprises the majority of the tooth Porous and yellow in color Odontoblast which continues to fill in the pulp cavity of a vital tooth This can cause the pulp cavity of older animals to be smaller  Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and Vital portion of nerves, a tooth odontoblasts make up the pulp Provides Pulp nourishment, sensation and defense Injury of the Pulp chamber pulp cavity will joins the cause the tooth periodontal to become ligament at the nonvital apex of the Change in color tooth  Warning!!  Aggressive or improper use of dental power tools can cause excessive heat with the pulp chamber resulting inflammation  Scalers  Polisher  Drills Untreated periodontal disease can Bacteria may spread apically lead to pulp inflammation and creating an abscess and alveolar necrosis bone loss  Composed of dentin and covered with cementum Anchor tooth with the Roots attached periodontal ligament Tip of the root is apex  Canine Root Numbers Number of roots Tooth One root Incisors, Canines. 1st premolar & 3rd mandibular molar Three roots Maxillary 4th premolar and 1st and 2nd molar All other teeth have 2 roots   All other teeth are one rooted  Cats do not have Feline Root  Maxillary 1st premolar, 2nd or 3rd molar Numbers  Mandibular 1st premolar, 2nd premolar and 2nd or 3rd molar Number of Tooth Roots One root Incisors, Canines, maxillary 2nd premolar and molar 3 roots Maxillary 4th premolar  Periodontal Ligament  Attaches the Cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bone and the cementum of adjoining teeth  Strong fibers that make up the ligament counter act forces from chewing, trauma, and extraction  Somewhat elastic allows the tooth to move slightly  Nerves located in the ligament contribute to the sensations of cold, heat, pressure  Periodontal disease causes destruction of the periodontal ligament, gingiva, bone, and tooth loss  Medial- toward the midline of the face Distal- away from the midline of the face Labial- towards the lips (incisors and canines) Buccal- toward the cheeks (premolar and molars Directional Lingual- toward the tongue (mandible) Palatal- toward the palate (maxilla) Terminolog Coronal- toward the crown y Apical- toward the root Interproximal- between teeth Occlusal- top surface Cusp- point of tooth  Maxilla Mandibl e Distal Distal Direction Mesial Mesial al terms Labial Labial Palatial Lingual Buccal Buccal  Anatomic Tooth type Number of the tooth Ex I2 (lower right 2nd incisor), 2M (upper left 2nd molar)  Tridan  Quadrant (1,2,3,4)  First number identifies the quadrant  2nd and 3rd identify the tooth  Rule of 4 and 9  Used to aid counting teeth when there are teeth missing  Canine is the standard Charting  Triadan Charting Right Left 1 2 4 3 Right Left Canine Maxilla