Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can excessive heat generated by aggressive use of dental power tools cause?
What can excessive heat generated by aggressive use of dental power tools cause?
- Expansion of the periodontal ligament
- Strengthening of dental enamel
- Inflammation of the pulp chamber (correct)
- Decreased sensitivity in teeth
What is the consequence of untreated periodontal disease on the tooth structure?
What is the consequence of untreated periodontal disease on the tooth structure?
- Enhanced periodontal ligament resilience
- Increased enamel strength
- Spreading of bacteria and potential abscess formation (correct)
- Improved blood flow to the teeth
Which type of teeth typically have one root?
Which type of teeth typically have one root?
- Maxillary molars
- Canines and incisors (correct)
- Maxillary 4th premolar
- Mandibular 1st premolar
What is the main function of the periodontal ligament?
What is the main function of the periodontal ligament?
What does the term 'mesial' refer to in dental anatomy?
What does the term 'mesial' refer to in dental anatomy?
How many roots do most teeth typically have?
How many roots do most teeth typically have?
Which of the following accurately describes a canine's root number?
Which of the following accurately describes a canine's root number?
Which term is used to describe the surface of a tooth facing the lips?
Which term is used to describe the surface of a tooth facing the lips?
What is a common consequence of periodontal disease?
What is a common consequence of periodontal disease?
What does the Triadan system utilize for tooth identification?
What does the Triadan system utilize for tooth identification?
What is the primary composition of enamel?
What is the primary composition of enamel?
Which part of the tooth is covered by cementum?
Which part of the tooth is covered by cementum?
At what junction do the enamel and cementum meet?
At what junction do the enamel and cementum meet?
What is the primary function of the pulp in a tooth?
What is the primary function of the pulp in a tooth?
What common issue can arise with enamel?
What common issue can arise with enamel?
Which of the following structures comprises the majority of the tooth?
Which of the following structures comprises the majority of the tooth?
What is the role of the periodontal ligament?
What is the role of the periodontal ligament?
What changes in older animals can affect the pulp cavity?
What changes in older animals can affect the pulp cavity?
What indicates that a tooth has become nonvital?
What indicates that a tooth has become nonvital?
Which feature of cementum differentiates it from enamel?
Which feature of cementum differentiates it from enamel?
What defines diphyodont teeth?
What defines diphyodont teeth?
What happens to the roots of primary teeth during the eruption of permanent teeth?
What happens to the roots of primary teeth during the eruption of permanent teeth?
If a primary tooth is retained, what can occur?
If a primary tooth is retained, what can occur?
At what week does the first set of incisors typically erupt in canines?
At what week does the first set of incisors typically erupt in canines?
What components make up the periodontal ligament?
What components make up the periodontal ligament?
Which type of tooth is not expected to fall out during eruption?
Which type of tooth is not expected to fall out during eruption?
Which factors may contribute to periodontal disease due to tooth eruption issues?
Which factors may contribute to periodontal disease due to tooth eruption issues?
What is polyphyodonty characterized by?
What is polyphyodonty characterized by?
What can lead to rotation of permanent teeth?
What can lead to rotation of permanent teeth?
Which type of tooth generally erupts last in canines?
Which type of tooth generally erupts last in canines?
What is the dental formula for canines?
What is the dental formula for canines?
Which of the following correctly describes the maxilla's function?
Which of the following correctly describes the maxilla's function?
What indicates the presence of gingivitis in dogs and cats?
What indicates the presence of gingivitis in dogs and cats?
What is a common abnormality associated with the incisive bone?
What is a common abnormality associated with the incisive bone?
What is the primary role of the gingiva in dental anatomy?
What is the primary role of the gingiva in dental anatomy?
Which teeth are typically absent in a feline dental formula?
Which teeth are typically absent in a feline dental formula?
What structural feature connects the two halves of the mandible?
What structural feature connects the two halves of the mandible?
What characterizes brachycephalic head shape in animals?
What characterizes brachycephalic head shape in animals?
What is a typical characteristic of normal free gingival margin in animals?
What is a typical characteristic of normal free gingival margin in animals?
How does the hard palate contribute to the oral cavity?
How does the hard palate contribute to the oral cavity?
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Study Notes
Tooth Eruption
- Diphyodont animals have two sets of teeth: primary (deciduous) and permanent.
- Polyphyodont animals continually replace teeth.
- Primary teeth are absorbed as permanent teeth erupt.
- Canine teeth erupt later than feline teeth.
Tooth Anatomy
- Crown is the visible portion of the tooth, covered by enamel.
- Enamel is the strongest surface of the body, but brittle.
- Cementum covers the root of the tooth and is softer than enamel and dentin.
- Dentin comprises most of the tooth, surrounding the pulp cavity.
- Pulp is the vital portion of the tooth, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and odontoblasts.
- Root anchors the tooth to the periodontal ligament, which attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone.
Root Structures
- Dogs: Most teeth have two roots.
- Incisors, canines, 1st premolar, 3rd premolar, and 3rd molar have one root.
- Maxillary 4th premolar and 1st and 2nd molars have three roots.
- Cats: Most teeth have one root.
- Maxillary 2nd premolar and molars have one root.
- Maxillary 4th premolar has three roots.
- Mandibular 1st premolar, 2nd premolar have one root.
Terminology
- Medial: toward the midline of the face.
- Distal: away from the midline of the face.
- Labial: toward the lips (incisors and canines).
- Buccal: toward the cheeks (premolars and molars).
- Lingual: toward the tongue (mandible).
- Palatal: toward the palate (maxilla).
- Coronal: toward the crown.
- Apical: toward the root.
- Interproximal: between teeth.
- Occlusal: top surface.
- Cusp: point of the tooth.
Tooth Charting
- Triadan System: Uses quadrants (1,2,3,4) to identify the tooth.
- The first number identifies the quadrant.
- The second and third numbers identify the tooth.
- The Rule of 4 and 9 assists in counting teeth when some are missing.
- The canine is the standard tooth used for this rule.
Supporting Structures
- Periodontium: Specialized tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth.
- Gingiva: Soft tissue around the tooth, covering the alveolar bone.
- Periodontal ligament: Attaches cementum to the alveolar bone and counteracts chewing forces.
- Alveolar bone: Supports the tooth roots.
- Mucogingival junction: Juncture of the gingiva and the oral mucosa.
- Sulcus: Space between the free gingiva and tooth.
Cranium and Face
- Cranium protects the brain and associated structures.
- Face: Contains the oral, nasal, and ocular cavities.
- Head Shapes: Mesaticephalic, Brachycephalic, Dolichocephalic.
Mandible
- Supports the lower jaw's teeth.
- Two bones meet at the rostral midline (symphysis) to form the mandible.
- Articulates with the temporal bone to form the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ).
Maxilla
- Part of the hard palate, along with the palatine bone.
- Supports upper canines, premolars, and molars.
- Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
Incisive bone
- Most rostral bone of the maxilla.
- Supports the upper incisors.
- Defects in this bone can cause a cleft palate.
Eye
- Located in close proximity to teeth.
- Infected maxillary premolars or molars can cause suborbital swelling.
- Extraction care must be taken to avoid puncturing the infraorbital foramen, especially in cats.
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