Dent 1006 Introduction to Oral and Dental Public Health PDF

DENT 1006 – Introduction to Public Oral Health Assoc. Prof. Banu Öter Bahcesehir University School of Dental Medicine Pediatric Dentistry İstanbul [email protected] DENT1006 - Preventive Medicine & Introduction to Public Oral and Dental Health Learning Outcomes 1- To define the concepts of...

DENT 1006 – Introduction to Public Oral Health Assoc. Prof. Banu Öter Bahcesehir University School of Dental Medicine Pediatric Dentistry İstanbul [email protected] DENT1006 - Preventive Medicine & Introduction to Public Oral and Dental Health Learning Outcomes 1- To define the concepts of health, diseases, infection and prevention 2- To learn Health education and health care 3- To know epidemiological methods and epidemiology of dental diseases 4- To identify dental health education 5- To classify the indices for oral diseases 6- To know school dental health 7- To define preventive dentistry 8- To define ethics in dental health care CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın  Learning resources of this course are available from BAU Library: - S. S. Hiremath (2016), Textbook of Public Health Dentistry 3rd Ed, Elsevier - Blánaid Daly,Paul Batchelor,Elizabeth Treasure,Richard Watt. Essential Dental Public Health, second edition. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. - CM Marya (2011), A Textbook of Public Health Dentistry, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers - Saydam G, Oktay İ, Möller, I. Türkiyede Ağız Diş Sağlığı Durum Analizi. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölgesi–Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara, 1990. - Gökalp S, Güçiz Doğan B. Türkiye Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Profili, 2004. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Basımevi, 2006. - World Health Organization, Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, 5th ed. Geneva: 2013. - Çetin Akar. Türkiye’de Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Hizmetlerinin Strateji Değerlendirmesi. Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği Yayınları Araştırma Dizisi: 9, Ankara, 2014. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Introduction to public oral health Concepts of Health Health All communities have their concepts of health, as part of their culture. Health continues to be a neglected entity despite lip service. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Health absence of disease CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Health The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as « a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity« (WHO,1947) CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Health the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Definition of public oral health Dental public health can be defined as the science and practice of preventing oral diseases, promoting oral health, and improving quality of life through the organized efforts of society. Definition of public oral health The science of dental public health is concerned with making a diagnosis of a population’s oral health problems, establishing the causes and effects of those problems, and planning effective interventions. The practice of dental public health is to create and use opportunities to implement effective solutions to population oral health and health care problems. Definition of public oral health Dental public health is concerned with promoting the health of the population and therefore focuses action at a community level. This is in contrast to clinical practice which operates at an individual level. However, the different stages of clinical and public health practice are broadly similar. Definition of public oral health Dental public health is a broad subject that seeks to expand the focus and understanding of the dental profession on the range of factors that influence oral health and the most effective means of preventing and treating oral health problems. Relevance of public health to clinical practice The practice of dentistry is undergoing a period of rapid change due to a wide range of factors in society.  1. Biomedical Concept: 2. Ecological Concept: 3. Psychosocial Concept: 4. Holistic Concept: CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın  Concepts of Health Concepts of Health 1. Biomedical Concept: Health has been viewed as an “absence of disease” and if one was free from disease, then the person was considered healthy. This is known as the biomedical concept. This concept was, however, found inadequate to solve some of the major health problems like malnutrition, chronic diseases, accidents etc. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Concepts of Health 2. Ecological Concept: The ecologists put forward a hypothesis, which viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and disease a maladjustment of the human organism to environment. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Concepts of Health 3. Psychosocial Concept: Health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors. These factors need to be considered while defining and measuring health. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Concepts of Health 4. Holistic Concept: This concept implies that all sectors of society have an effect on health, in particular agriculture, food, industry, education and other sectors. This view corresponds to the view held by ancients that health implies a sound mind, in a sound body, in a sound family, in a sound environment. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Concepts of Health Dimensions of Health Vocational dimension Philosophical dimension Physical Dimension Cultural dimension Mental Dimension Socioeconomic dimension Social Dimension Environmental dimension Spiritual Dimension Educational dimension Emotional Dimension Nutritional dimension Preventive dimension CONCEPTS OF HEALTH 14.10.2022 Restorative Dentistry © Dr.Tuğba Toz Akalın Importance of oral and dental public health What is a public health problem? It is now widely recognized that demands on health care systems will always be greater than the resources available to meet these needs. This dilemma is not confined to the developing world where resources are acutely limited. The richest countries in the world, such as the USA, Germany, and the UK, are faced with similar problems of increasing demands and escalating health care expenditure. For example, expenditure on heath care in the USA rose from 5.1% of gross domestic product in 1960 to 17.6% in 2010 (OECD 2012 ). Across the OECD, the average expenditure on healthcare is now 9.6%. In the UK, spending on the General Dental Services has risen steadily over recent decades. In 1977/78 the figure was £270 million, by 1997/98 it was £1528 million, and in 2012 it was estimated to be in excess of £3.3 billion.  The rate of untreated caries in primary teeth in children aged 1-9 is 43.8%. Dental caries in Children miss over 51 million children hours of school each year due to toothache More than 1.6 billion dollars are spent on health care every year due to complaints related Tooth decay in children to tooth decay and toothache. five times more common than asthma and 7 times more common than fever It is 20 times more common than diabetes What is a public health problem? One response to increasing demands and limited resources is to direct resources to particular priority areas. However, what would be considered an important problem? This is where core public health principles have a major contribution to make. Certain public health criteria that can be used to determine the significance of a health problem are as follows: Millennium development goals The aim of the millennium development goals is to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions in the world’s poorest countries (UN 2000 ). Established in 2000 at the Millennium Summit, all 193 United Nation member states and over 20 international organizations have now agreed to meet eight international development goals by 2015. The goals are: 1 Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger 2 Achieving universal primary education 3 Promoting gender equality and empowering women 4Reducing child mortality rates 5 Improving maternal health 6 Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7 Ensuring environmental sustainability 8 Developing a global partnership for development Dental public health definition: Oral Health Status in the World The report reviews the latest evidence-based data on the status of oral health worldwide in terms of oral disease burden, risk factors, distributions of dental practitioners, health benefits package and the national health response for oral health crises (World Health Organization, 2022). The first of its kind report aims to foster discussion and implementation of the policy reforms on a national and international level amongst the 194 member states. Most importantly, the report presents the first-ever country-wise oral health profile with critical data on the oral health situation in each of the WHO member state. The WHO estimates that globally close to 3.5 billion people (approximately 50% of population) suffer from one or the other form of oral disease. Oral Health Status in Turkey