Democratisation of Technology - Makers PDF

Makers and the Democratisation of Technology DIY revolution or geek anarchy? M. Shukla  Outline Context Enablers Examples Disruptive technologies Conclusi...

Makers and the Democratisation of Technology DIY revolution or geek anarchy? M. Shukla  Outline Context Enablers Examples Disruptive technologies Conclusion M. Shukla  Context of the Maker Movement  DIY approach, micro-fabrication encompassing traditional crafts to cutting edge technology.  Designs and ideas shared online  In the UK from the mid to late nineties domestic level access to web technologies enabled connection/exchange of information  Web 2.0 technologies then went on to enable relational connection – online social networks  Sharing of music, video, daily thoughts etc  Increase in ‘cheap’ mass manufactured items, especially from the likes of China and India M. Shukla  Keep in mind...  Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote in the Communist Manifesto that, “By proletariat is meant the class of modern wage labourers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live.” Adrian Bowyer 2 February, 2004 in Wealth without money http://reprap.org/wiki/BackgroundPage M. Shukla  Examples of Enablers  Arduino – Open source hardware microcontroller  Web based Communities of Practice e.g. DIY Drones & UKHAS  Make Magazine – Traditional magazine from O’Reilly Media  Technology based road to market e.g. Etsy M. Shukla  Arduino http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno M. Shukla  Raspberry Pi https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/ M. Shukla  DIY Drones http://diydrones.com/ M. Shukla  Hack, Make, and more https://hackspace.raspberrypi.org/issues http://makezine.com/volume/make-35/ https://store.rpipress.cc/products/the-magpi-magazine-74 M. Shukla  Etsy – a site for crafts http://www.etsy.com/press?ref=ft_press M. Shukla  More recently https://www.etsy.com/press?ref=ft_press https://www.statista.com/statistics/409371/etsy-annual-revenue/ M. Shukla  Disruptive technologies?  Crowdsourcing/crowdfunding - Peer to peer finance, micro- investment  Kickstarter - $6,838,584,763* pledged to projects  Personal fabrication 3d printers & scanners  RepRap - Opensource  Shapeways (commercial)  Thingiverse (Shared content, commercially based) M. Shukla * As of September 2022  Henry Segerman http://www.shapeways.com/model/35112/hilbert- curve.html M. Shukla  Fabrication  Two kinds of approach:  Additive  Subtractive  An example of additive: 3d printing  An example of subtractive: CNC machining M. Shukla  Fabrication cont..  Two main† approaches to 3d printing:  Fused Filament Fabrication(FFF) also known as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)  Resin Printing* or Stereolithography or optical fabrication t R ep l icator MakerB o x VAT ak r St artt £2 19 9 E iM Approx £100 Approx M. Shukla † e.g. Polymer Powder Sintering, Material Jetting, Binder Jetting etc *More currently known as digital light processing (DLP)  Advantages & Disadvantages Customisation of a run and products Size of platform Rapid prototyping New/complex shapes and structures Limited Materials Safety of materials – plastics & food? ‘Tool-less’ production Intellectual property issues In-situ production (e.g. on a boat) 3d design software capability Sustainability & environmentally friendly Cost of printers Less waste Speed of printers Efficient (quick & cheap) Unchecked production New business models (e.g. Shapeways) Energy requirements and air emissions Bioprinting etc Warehousing requirements Ethical issues - bioprinting/Chemputers Jobs Jobs M. Shukla  CNC  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8I3diD1lpho M. Shukla  Criticisms  The Maker Movement/culture has faced criticisms based around gender and race inclusivity as well as democratisation  E.g. Make founder Dale Dougherty publicly discrediting Naomi ‘Sexy Cyborg’ Wu, apologises for it in 2017. Wu is the ‘Face’ of Make in 2018 from Leah Buechley’s video M. Shukla  Controversy Scientific American Amping Up Brain Function: Transcranial Stimulation Shows Promise in Speeding Up Learning November 25, 2011 Electrical stimulation of the brain accelerates learning January 10, 2012 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=amping-up-brain-function M. Shukla http://www.learning-mind.com/electrical-stimulation-of-the-brain-accelerates-learning/  Sally’s war This is quoted from: Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow by Yuval Noah Harari 2015 Harari is describing the events as recounted https://www.newscientistcom/article/mg21328501-600-zap- your-brain-into-the-zone-fast-track-to-pure-focus/ And/or https://theweek.com/articles/476866/how-electrical-brain- stimulation-change-way-think M. Shukla  My tDCS Note that DIY tDCS’ are not without their own dangers including self- reports of going blind M. Shukla  3D-printed gun on display at V&A museum After the Defence Distributed controversy in 2012 the Victoria and Albert museum exhibited the Liberator Also if you have Netflix, see the documentary ‘Print the Legend’ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10314763/3D-printed-gun-on-display-at-VandA-museum.html M. Shukla Tuesday 17 September 2013  Pringle Can Night Vision M. Shukla  Conclusion The past ten years have been about discovering new ways to create, invent, and work together on the Web. The next ten years will be about applying those lessons to the real world. Chris Anderson http://emergenteconomics.com/2013/07/16/makers/ M. Shukla M. Shukla M. Shukla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/TrevorBaylis_Jan2006.jpg  Framework Platform M. Shukla