DCMP Studio Production Questions PDF

DCMP: STUDIO PRODUCTION ONE Practice questions PCR: Program control room Trickster mixer: Allows you record, broadcast, stream all at the same time Transition bar: controls transition speed Teleprompter tips: must be 6 feet away from the subject and set on eye level Jog control: speed and dire...

DCMP: STUDIO PRODUCTION ONE Practice questions PCR: Program control room Trickster mixer: Allows you record, broadcast, stream all at the same time Transition bar: controls transition speed Teleprompter tips: must be 6 feet away from the subject and set on eye level Jog control: speed and direction of text displayed on teleprompter CCU: controls white balance, black balance and aperture ENG: electric news gathering Cyclorama: or a green screen used to make an illusion as an unlimited space Fluid head friction gives more smoother movement Teleprompter: A device that helps talent deliver their speech without memorizing Matte shield box: avoid light entering which can makes talent read teleprompter properly Lens donut: it’s a camera accessory that blocks light entering teleprompter and matte box ISO: sensor sensitivity to light Aperture: Size of opening of lens Shutter speed: Amount of time Difference between zoom and dolly? Zoom is the change of focal length without physical move while dolly is the physical movement of camera Zoom handle: F for faster S for slow Recall all 6 camera movements: 1) Dolly 2) Pan 3) Tilt 4) Roll 5) Truck 6) Boom / Jib 5 pin connectors? DMX used for light control 3 pin connectors? XLR used for Audio control The components of studio camera? - Camera body – viewfinder – lens – blue box – communication box – handle with zooming – tripod – teleprompter – headphones Histogram (Left shows pure blackness right shows pure brightness) Jpeg? A way to shrink photo file sizes RAW? All data capture sensor can capture Lossless? No quality loss but bigger files sizes Lossy? Small file sizes some quality is lost Picture of airplane shows on PowerPoint with blur, why? Image is condensed and provokes the quality... motion blur Most common video codec? H.264 White balance is measured in? Kelvin scale 3-point Lighting Key light: Primary light with most intense Fill light: cancel shadow of key light Back light: light from behind Door in light = Barn doors, the main purpose of them is that they direct or shape light. Paper, we put in light? Gel diffuser Work lights? are basically the lights we use to work, no doors! Creative lights? Refer to the lights with barn doors used for studio Difference between image resolution and aspect ratio? Resolution measured in pixels while aspect ratio is width and height Define dynamic range? The difference between the darkest and brightest parts of an image1 4K= 3840 x 2160 Full HD= 1920 x 1080 5K= 5120 x 2880 8K= 7680 x 4320 Different types of exposures? HDR = High dynamic range HDD VR SDD = SDD is faster, more expensive, with short life span = HDD is slower, less expensive, with longer life span Interlaced and progressive = interlaced blurry moving objects = progressive Better moving object images What is a histogram = it's a graph that's shows the brightness of the picture, left shows darkest sides while right shows the brightest sides of a picture, photographers use it to adjust their exposure. List all 6 abbreviations of key compensations in shot scale 1) Extreme long shot = human body appears to be very small on this shot 2) Long shot = human body is visible from head to toe 3) Medium long shot = captures subject and shows body 4) Medium shot = frames the subject from waist up 5) Close up = focuses on subject face and emotions making it visible 6) Extreme close = very tight this focuses on mouth and eyes, makes tears very visible. Full HD = 1920 x 1080 1 inch is = 2.54 Florescent lights are closest to? 4000k Camera lenses are visible but what do they mean? EF = lens mount 70-20mm = Focal length 1:4 = Maximum aperture 072MM = Filter size What do text below stand for? SSD = Solid state drive HDD = Hard disk drive Lavalier microphone and benefit = helps speaker to move freely without holidng a microphone Barn door's purpose = Helps to shape and direct light 1001 DCMP: Exposure Control & Language of the Lens Exposure Triangle (extra notes) Aperture (f-stop): Controls depth of field and amount of light entering the lens. Shutter Speed: Determines motion blur; slower speeds create blur, faster speeds freeze action. ISO: Sensor sensitivity; higher ISO increases brightness but also noise. Lens & Focal Length Prime vs. Zoom Lenses: o Prime Lens: Fixed focal length, sharper image. o Zoom Lens: Variable focal length, versatile but may have lower image quality. Shot Framing Terms: o Wide Shot (WS) o Medium Shot (MS) o Close-Up (CU) o Extreme Close-Up (ECU) Depth of Field (DoF): o Large aperture (low f-number) = shallow DoF (sharp focus on subject, blurred background). o Small aperture (high f-number) = deep DoF (sharp focus on everything). Composition Rules Rule of Thirds: Align subjects along grid lines for balanced composition. Leading Lines: Use natural lines (roads, fences) to guide the viewer’s eye. Headroom & Lead Room: Ensure proper spacing around subjects. Basic Camera & Exposure Controls Camera Anatomy Lens Mount: Connects lens to camera body.  Sensor: Determines image quality and crop factor. Viewfinder & LCD Screen: Used for framing shots. Autofocus vs. Manual Focus: o Autofocus: Faster, but may hunt in low light. o Manual Focus: Precise control, used in filmmaking. Camera Modes Auto Mode: Camera selects settings. Manual Mode (M): Full control over exposure. Aperture Priority (A/Av): User sets aperture, camera adjusts shutter speed. Shutter Priority (S/Tv): User sets shutter speed, camera adjusts aperture. Program Mode (P): Camera sets aperture and shutter but allows minor adjustments. ISO & Grain Lower ISO (100-400): Clean image, good for daylight. Higher ISO (800+): More noise, useful for low light. Three-Point Lighting Lighting Setup 1. Key Light: Main source, strongest. 2. Fill Light: Softens shadows. 3. Backlight: Separates subject from background. Types of Lighting Natural Light: Sunlight, must be adjusted throughout the day. High-Key Lighting: Bright, minimal shadows. Low-Key Lighting: Dark, moody atmosphere. Lighting Modifiers  Reflectors: Bounce light onto subject. Diffusers: Soften harsh light. Barn Doors: Shape the light beam. Types of Lighting Hard Light: Strong shadows (e.g., direct sunlight). Soft Light: Smooth transitions between light and shadow. Practical Lighting: Light from visible sources like lamps, candles. Bounce Lighting: Light reflected off a surface. Flat Lighting: Even light, often used in news and sitcoms. Chiaroscuro Lighting: High contrast, dramatic (common in film noir). Video Compression & Codecs Codecs & Compression Codec: Compresses and decompresses video files. Common Codecs: o H.264 (efficient for web streaming). o ProRes (high quality, large file size). Lossy vs. Lossless Compression: o Lossy: Reduces quality (JPEG, MP4). o Lossless: Maintains quality (RAW, PNG). Frame Types in Video Compression I-Frame (Intra-frame): Full image, used as a reference. P-Frame (Predicted frame): Stores changes from previous frame. B-Frame (Bidirectional frame): Uses both past and future frames for compression. Export Settings  Resolution: 1080p (Full HD) or 4K. Bitrate: Higher bitrate = better quality, larger file. Frame Rate: o 24 fps: Cinematic look. o 30 fps: TV broadcasts. o 60 fps: Smooth motion, sports. ENG (Electronic News Gathering) Interview Setup Pre-Shoot Checklist Camera & Audio Setup: o Charge batteries. o Check memory cards. o Test microphone levels. Lighting Setup: o Use bounce cards for natural light. o Ensure balanced light on the subject. Interview Framing Use medium close-up (MCU) for single interviews. Maintain proper eye-line alignment. Audio Considerations Lavalier Mic: Clip-on, great for interviews. Shotgun Mic: Directional, reduces background noise. Studio1: Studio Equipment and Operations: Program Control Room (PCR)  Also known as the Gallery / Master Control Room (MCR). Uses Tricaster Mixer (NewTek) for live streaming and recording. Communication Panels: Used for inter-crew communication. Studio Camera System Parts: Camera body, viewfinder, lens, tripod, teleprompter, focus/zoom handles. Tripod Best Practices: o Always release friction before movement. o Lock frictions when stationary. Camera Balancing: o Proper balance ensures smooth camera movements. Viewfinder & Teleprompter: o Adjust height to the operator’s eye level. o Ensure good sightline for talent. Lighting Techniques Three-Point Lighting Setup 1. Key Light - Primary light source. 2. Fill Light - Softens shadows. 3. Backlight - Separates subject from the background. Types of Lighting High Key: Bright, low contrast. Low Key: Dark, moody atmosphere. Hard Light: Strong shadows. Soft Light: Gentle light with no harsh shadows. Bounce Light: Reflects off surfaces to create softness. Camera & Exposure Control  White Balance (WB): o Adjust color temperature (3200K for tungsten, 5600K for daylight). Dynamic Range: The difference between darkest blacks and brightest whites. Studio Audio & Signal Flow Audio Mixer (AVID S2): o Controls multiple microphones. o Ensure levels do not peak at 0dB to avoid distortion. Microphone Placement: o Lavalier (clip-on) o Boom mic (directional) Video Signal Output: o Use SDI (Serial Digital Interface) for high-quality transmission. o BNC connectors ensure stable signal flow. Recording & Compression Codecs & Compression: o H.264 / H.265 (HEVC) - Standard video compression formats. o Interlaced (i) vs. Progressive (p) scanning. File Formats: o JPEG (lossy) vs. RAW (lossless) for images. o MP4 (H.264) recommended for high-quality compressed video. Memory Cards & Hard Drives: o SD Cards (Speed Class 10, UHS-1 recommended for video). o External Hard Drives (SSD preferred for editing speed). Field Production & ENG Setup Electronic News Gathering (ENG) Interviews:  o Position camera at eye level for natural framing. o Monitor battery life, recording time, and audio levels. Field Lighting: o Use reflectors, diffusers, and LED panels for soft lighting. o Consider weather conditions when filming outdoors. Studio Crew Roles & Responsibilities Director: Oversees production, communicates vision. Producer: Manages logistics and scheduling. Camera Operator: Frames and captures shots. Audio Engineer: Mixes and monitors sound levels. Floor Manager: Coordinates on-set movements. Talent: Hosts and presents on-camera. Post-Production Workflow Adobe Creative Cloud is used for editing. File Naming Conventions: o Organize footage systematically (e.g., Date_Project_Scene_Take). Backup Footage: o Always have multiple copies on external hard drives.