Schizophrenia Past Paper PDF

Schizophrenia(s) What is the essence of this disorder?  Q: Historically, what are the essential elements that have defined schizophrenia? — Not clearly described until around 1800. — In 1800’s, proposals included: – Is it found especially in women? – Is it hereditar...

Schizophrenia(s) What is the essence of this disorder?  Q: Historically, what are the essential elements that have defined schizophrenia? — Not clearly described until around 1800. — In 1800’s, proposals included: – Is it found especially in women? – Is it hereditary? – Is it “loss of mind?” Called “démence.” – Does it have early onset & a quick progression? Called “démence précoce.” What are the key symptoms? Emil Kraepelin (c. 1896): Dementia praecox — Hallucinations & delusions — Bizarre behavior — Ill for a long time What are the key symptoms? Eugen Bleuler (c. 1908): “Schizophrenia” (= splitting of the mind) Disordered thought process: — Loosening of Associations — Autism — Affective disturbance — Ambivalence  What are the key symptoms? Kurt Schneider (c. 1930): “First-rank” symptoms of schizophrenia — Hearing voices — Things being done to you by external forces — Perceptions that are delusional and hard for. others to understand  What are the key symptoms? DSM-5-TR (2013,2022): Need impaired functioning for at least 6 months, & at least 2 (inc one of the first 3) of the following for 1 month: — Delusions — Hallucinations — Disorganized speech — Disorganized or catatonic behavior — Negative symptoms such as: restricted or flat affect, avolition, poverty of speech (alogia), social withdrawal  What schizophrenia is like: Video clip World of Abnormal Psychology: The Schizophrenias https://www.learner.org/series/the-world- of-abnormal-psychology/the-schizophrenias/ (watch from 1:00 to 11:50) — About 1% of the population will suffer an episode of schizophrenia at some point. — Longevity: was comparatively short in the past, so could be a reason why schizophrenia wasn’t observed — Age of onset: – Males: average onset = 23 – Females: average onset = 28  Lower Social Class & Schizophrenia — Does low social class breed schizophrenia? (breeder hypothesis) OR — Does schizophrenia cause one to drift to lower social classes? (drift hypothesis) One study of men with schizophrenia: Distribution across social classes Social Patients Their Their Census Class (%) Fathers % Brothers % Norms % Higher 4 16 Middle 48 58 Lower 48 27 Distribution across social classes Social Patients Their Their Census Class (%) Fathers % Brothers % Norms % Higher 4 29 21 16 Middle 48 48 56 58 Lower 48 23 23 27  Previous DSM subtypes of schizophrenia — Undifferentiated — Paranoid — Catatonic — Disorganized (was called “hebephrenic”)  “David,” and some historical perspective: Frontline: Broken Minds — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U- t0jVLSzWY Can watch David c. 15:13 – 17:45 (when audio cuts out temporarily) & Historical perspectives19:20 - 26:22 & David again 30:56 – 34:20.