Data Gathering Instrument PDF

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion Class check in RECALL Why is there a need to compute for the acceptable sample size and choose for an appropriate sampling technique? SAMPLING INFERENCE RECALL When is it appropriate to choose probability sampling...

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion Class check in RECALL Why is there a need to compute for the acceptable sample size and choose for an appropriate sampling technique? SAMPLING INFERENCE RECALL When is it appropriate to choose probability sampling technique? DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT Chapter 3 DIGITAL THERMOMETER FOR BODY TEMPERATURE  The conclusions drawn in a research study are only as good as the data that is collected APPROPRIATE AND GOOD RESEARCH INSTRUMENT  01 INSTRUMENTATION Instrument is the general term that researchers use for a measurement device (survey, test, questionnaire, etc.). Instrumentation is the course of action or the process of developing, testing, and using the device. 01 INSTRUMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Concise Valid and reliable Sequential Easily tabulated 01 INSTRUMENTATION CONCISE A good research instrument is concise in length yet can elicit the needed data. 01 INSTRUMENTATION VALID AND RELIABLE The instrument should pass the tests of validity and reliability to get more appropriate and accurate information. VALIDITY denotes the extent to which an instrument is measuring what it is supposed to measure. RELIABILITY denotes the extent to which an instrument produces similar scores across various conditions and situations, including different evaluators and testing environments. 01 INSTRUMENTATION SEQUENTIAL Questions or items must be arranged well for it to be favorable to both researchers and respondents. 01 INSTRUMENTATION EASILY TABULATED Since you will be constructing an instrument for quantitative research, this factor should be considered. Hence, before crafting the instruments, the researcher makes sure that the variable and research questions are established. Data Gathering Techniques for Quantitative Research  1. DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS This technique is used to analyze secondary sources that are available mostly in churches, schools, public or private offices, hospitals or in community, municipals, and city halls.  2. OBSERVATION Making direct observations is a simple and unobtrusive way of collecting data. OVERT COVERT  3. PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES Technique applied for physiological measures involves the collection of physical data from the subjects. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS These includes personality inventories and projective techniques. Personality inventories are self-reported measures that assess the differences in personality traits, needs, or values of people. EXAMPLE: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)  5. QUESTIONNAIRES List of questions about a particular topic, with spaces provided for the response to each question and intended to be answered by a number of people. 5. QUESTIONNAIRES yields more honest responses guarantees confidentiality minimizes bias based on question-phrasing modes  COMMON TYPE OF SCALES IN A QUESTIONNAIRE 1. LIKERT SCALE It is a common scaling technique which consists of several declarative statements that express a vew point on a topic. This kind of scale is typically used to measure respondents' agreement with various statements.  COMMON TYPE OF SCALES IN A QUESTIONNAIRE 2. SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE The respondents are asked to rate concepts in a series of bipolar adjectives. It has an advantage of being flexible and easy to construct.  WORDINGS 1. State questions in an affirmative rather than in a negative manner. 2. Avoid ambiguous questions e.g. those which contains words like “many”, “always”, “usually”, “few”.  WORDINGS 3. Avoid double negative questions (e.g Don’t you disagree with the idea that minors be not allowed to drink liquors?) 4. Avoid double-barreled questions (asking two questions in one question) Example: Will you be happy joining the Division Quiz Bee and be given additional examinations afterwards?  YAY OR NAY Read the following phrases and answer YAY if is a characteristic of a good instrument or NAY if not.  SET YOUR GOALS BEFORE YOU START  SET YOUR GOALS YAY! BEFORE YOU START  WRITE LEADING QUESTIONS  WRITE LEADING NAY! QUESTIONS  WRITE QUESTIONS WITH ENOUGH ANSWER OPTIONS WRITE QUESTIONS WITH ENOUGH YAY! ANSWER OPTIONS USE JARGON AND ACRONYMS USE JARGON AND NAY! ACRONYMS  PILOT TEST YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE PILOT TEST YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE YAY!