Guinea Worm & Trichinella Species PDF

DARCUNCULUS MEDINENSIS Guinea worm or Medina worm. Distribution: [email protected] in areas where communities use shallow ponds or walk- in open wells as sources of drinking water. Morphology: adult: white and has smooth surface. The fe...

DARCUNCULUS MEDINENSIS Guinea worm or Medina worm. Distribution: [email protected] in areas where communities use shallow ponds or walk- in open wells as sources of drinking water. Morphology: adult: white and has smooth surface. The female is very long measuring up to one meter The male die after fertilizing the female. Habitat: in the sub cutaneous tissue of the lower limbs. Larva: it is large 500- 700 m in length. Anterior end is rounded and the tail is pointed and long. Can be seen coiled or uncoiled in wet preparation. [email protected] Intermediate host cyclpos which usually live in water. the infection of man throw drinking water containing cyclops which contain L3. [email protected] [email protected] Pathology and symptoms: 1- when the female reach the surface of the body, it liberate toxic substance that produce a local inflammatory reaction in form of blister. 2- urticaria, erythema, vomiting and fever. [email protected] 3- when blister contact with cold water it rupture and produce abscesses, ulceration and necrosis. secondary infections may occur , lead to cellulites and septicemia. [email protected] [email protected] Lab diagnosis: the lab diagnosis are limited because the larva normally washed in to water. A diagnosis usually made when the blister has rupture and the anterior end of female can be seen. Or by place a few drop of water on ulcer to encourage [email protected] discharge of the larva, then collect the water on slide then exam it under the microscope. The best remedy for removing the adult worm is a slow process of daily gently rolling the worm around a small stick and slowly pulling it out of the skin With this method you must be careful not to pull [email protected] apart the worm as it will recoil back into the skin and cause secondary infections [email protected] TRICHINELLA SPECIES Include: T. spiralis: infect domestic pigs, rats, cats and dogs. T. nativa: infect all the carnivores. In Arctic T. nelsoni: infect carnivores and wild pigs. T. spiralis Distribution: in Africa, Asia and America. Morphology: Adult: white, very small female: 4mm in length posterior end is bluntly and rounded. has single ovary with vulva which open in the half of the body. Male: 1.5 mm in length. The posterior end curved with two lobular caudal appendage. Habitat in small intestine Larva: it usually seen coiled inside lemon- shape cyst and lie longitudinally along the muscle fibres. Calcified larva appear black. LIFE CYCLE:  Direct life cycle  Definitive host: Pigs  Accidental host: Human(dead end of parasite).  Infective form: encysted larva in muscle. by ingestion of encysted larva L1 raw or insufficiently cooked meat.  SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS:  Trichinellosissymptoms are often mild Severe trichinellosis can cause:  fever and chills.  facial swelling.  joint and muscle aches, and rash. Lab diagnosis: 1- muscles biopsy, direct or digestion technique. 2- intra dermal test. ( +ve 2-3 week after infection) Bachman skin test. 3- -Stool examination to detect adult incase of sever diarrhea. 4- Xenodiagnosis 5- serology: ELISA, Latex agglutination test.