CUT 300 Drugs PDF

Type Mechanism of action Examples Side effects Adverse effects other Loop diuretics "high-ceiling" **DHHF** - Most powerful diuretics - Slow down or turn off Na+ pumps in Loop of Henle - Cause patient to lost more Na+, K+, and water and Ca+ in urine Furosemide - Furosemide cause...

Type Mechanism of action Examples Side effects Adverse effects other Loop diuretics "high-ceiling" **DHHF** - Most powerful diuretics - Slow down or turn off Na+ pumps in Loop of Henle - Cause patient to lost more Na+, K+, and water and Ca+ in urine Furosemide - Furosemide causes Photosensitivity (patient should wear sunscreen, long sleeves, and hat) - Ototoxicity(hearing loss, reversible) - hyperglycemia Should be avoided during pregnancy Clinical use: heart failure, hypertension, edema Thiazide diuretics **DHHF** - Slow down or turn off salt pumps in nephron tubes farthest from capillaries - Na+ and water stay in body and leave in urine - Reduce blood volume and BP Chlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide metolazone - Fluid and electrolyte imbalances - Postural hypertension (dizziness from changing positions) - [Hypokalemia]: dry mouth, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, mood change, muscle cramp, nausea, tiredness Should not be taken while pregnant bc can produce congenital malformation Potassium-sparing diuretics **DHHF** - Slows down Na+ pumps so more Na+ and water leave through urine - Serum K+ stays normal or become higher than normal Spironolactone Triamterene amiloride - Postural hypotension - Hyponatremia: drowsiness, dry mouth, thirst, lack of energy, muscle weak - Women may develop hirsutism (facial hair), irregular cycles, deep voice - hyperkalemia ACE Inhibitors **HHF** - block production of enzyme responsible for angiotensin II production - relaxes blood vessels - decrease water and Na+ buildup in blood (lowers BP) Lisinopril enalapril - Persistent dry cough - Angioedema: diffuse swelling of eyes, lips, tongue caused by drug allergy; can occur any time - End in "-pril" - [Patients should avoid salt substitutes] +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Type | Mechanism | Examples | Side | Adverse | Other | | | of action | | effects | effects | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Angiotens | Blocks | Valsartan | | Angioedem | End in | | in | the | | | a | "-sartan" | | II | effects | Losartan | | | | | Receptor | of | | | | | | Blockers | angiotens | | | | | | (ARBs) | in | | | | | | | II | | | | | | **HHF** | (vasocons | | | | | | | triction, | | | | | | | sodium | | | | | | | and water | | | | | | | retention | | | | | | | ) | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Calcium | Block Ca+ | Amlodipin | | Stevens-J | | | Channel | from | e | | ohnson | | | Blockers | entering | | | syndrome | | | | muscle | Verapamil | | (painful | | | **H** | cells | | | pink rash | | | | which | | | | | | | decrease | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | strength | | | | | | | of heart | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | | | ons | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | dilation | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | arteries | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Class 2 | - 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Dilat | Hydralazi | Tachycard | Stevens-J | In | | Vasodilat | e | ne | ia | ohnsen | pregnancy | | ors | perip | | | Syndrome | hydralazi | | | heral | | Hypernatr | | ne | | **HHF** | arter | | emia | | used | | | ies | | | | safely | | | which | | | | | | | lower | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | BP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Given | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | patie | | | | | | | nts | | | | | | | who | | | | | | | canno | | | | | | | t | | | | | | | take | | | | | | | ACE | | | | | | | inhib | | | | | | | itors | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Cardiac | - Slow | Digoxin: | Toxicity | Appetite | Passes | | Glycoside | heart | used for | | loss, | from | | s | rate | maintenan | Fatigue | nausea, | mother to | | (Digoxin) | by | ce | | vision | fetus | | | block | therapy | Bradycard | problems, | | | **HFT** | ing | with | ia | changes | | | | numbe | heart | | in heart | | | | r | failure | Anorexia | rate, | | | | of | (given in | | fainting | | | | elect | very low | nausea | | | | | rical | doses) | | | | | | impul | | | | | | | ses | | | | | | | that | | | | | | | pass | | | | | | | throu | | | | | | | gh | | | | | | | AV | | | | | | | node | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | ventr | | | | | | | icles | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - stren | | | | | | | gthen | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | beat | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Impro | | | | | | | ve | | | | | | | cardi | | | | | | | ac | | | | | | | outpu | | | | | | | t | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Type | Mechanism | Examples | Side | Adverse | Other | | | of action | | effects | effects | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Human | - Elimi | Nesiritid | Hypotensi | apnea | | | B-type | nate | e | on | | | | Natriuret | exces | | | | | | ic | s | | dizziness | | | | Peptides | sodiu | | | | | | | m | | | | | | **HF** | and | | | | | | | water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Incre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | urine | | | | | | | outpu | | | | | | | t | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lower | | | | | | | BP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Decre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | short | | | | | | | ness | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | breat | | | | | | | h | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | swell | | | | | | | ing | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Positive | - Incre | Namrinone | Hypertens | Ventricul | | | Inotropes | ase | | ion | ar | | | (heart | contr | Dobutamin | | dysrhythm | | | pump | actility | e | Increases | ias | | | drugs) | and | | HR | | | | | cardi | dopamine | | | | | **HF** | ac | | Premature | | | | | outpu | | ventricul | | | | | t | | ar | | | | | | | contracti | | | | | - Blood | | on | | | | | vesse | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | dilat | | | | | | | ion | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Potassium | Potassium | | Nausea | Overdose | | | and | -essentia | | | can cause | | | Magnesium | l | | Vomiting | life-thre | | | | for | | | atening | | | **HF** | healthy | | Diarrhea | ECG | | | | nervous | | | changes | | | | system | | Gas | and | | | | and | | | abnormal | | | | regular | | Abdominal | heart | | | | heart | | discomfor | rhythms | | | | rhythm | | t | | | | | | | | Slow, | | | | Magnesium | | | shallow | | | | -mineral | | | breathing | | | | that | | | | | | | helps | | | | | | | keep | | | | | | | steady | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | rhythm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Patients | | | | | | | taking | | | | | | | diuretic | | | | | | | drugs for | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | failure | | | | | | | can lose | | | | | | | some K+ | | | | | | | and Mg in | | | | | | | urine | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Atropine | - Block | | Drowsines | Ventricul | May cause | | for | s | | s | ar | tachycard | | Bradysrhy | actio | | | fibrillat | ia | | thmias | n | | Blurred | ion | in fetus | | | of | | vision | | | | **B** | vagus | | | Can | | | | nerve | | Tachycard | worsen | | | | (slow | | ia | ischemia | | | | s | | | and heart | | | | HR) | | Dry mouth | blocks | | | | on | | | | | | | heart | | Urinary | | | | | | | hesitancy | | | | | - Incre | | | | | | | ases | | | | | | | elect | | | | | | | rical | | | | | | | impul | | | | | | | se | | | | | | | condu | | | | | | | ction | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | HR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Treat | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | brady | | | | | | | cardia | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | somet | | | | | | | imes | | | | | | | asyst | | | | | | | ole | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Type | Mechanism | Examples | Side | Adverse | Other | | | of action | | effects | effects | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Class IA | - Inhib | Quinidine | Hypotensi | - Quini |...More | | Sodium | it | | on | dine-hypo | adverse | | Channel | Na+ | Procainam | | tension, | effects | | Blockers | movem | ide | Loss of | torsa | | | | ent | | appetite | des | - Proca | | **T** | throu | disopyram | | de | inamide-s | | | gh | ide | Abdominal | point | eizures, | | | cell | | cramping | es | heart | | | membr | | | | block | | | anes | | Diarrhea | - C | s, | | | | | | an | asyst | | | - Decre | | nausea | s | ole, | | | ase | | | low | lower | | | excit | | | t | WBCs | | | ability | | | he | | | | | | | c | - Disop | | | - Slow | | | onduction | yramide-h | | | condu | | | o | eart | | | ction | | | f | failu | | | of | | | i | re | | | elect | | | mpulses | | | | rical | | | & | - Rayna | | | impul | | | l | ud's | | | ses | | | engthen | syndr | | | | | | i | ome | | | - Decre | | | nterval | | | | ase | | | b | | | | HR | | | twn | | | | | | | Q | | | | - Treat | | | RS | | | | PVCs, | | | a | | | | SVT, | | | nd | | | | tachy | | | T | | | | , | | | w | | | | and | | | ave | | | | preve | | | | | | | nt | | | - I | | | | fibri | | | ncrease | | | | llation | | | r | | | | | | | isk | | | | | | | o | | | | | | | f | | | | | | | a | | | | | | | bnormal | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | ife-threa | | | | | | | tening | | | | | | | v | | | | | | | entricula | | | | | | | r | | | | | | | r | | | | | | | hythm | | | | | | | ( | | | | | | | torsades) | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Class IB | - Decre | Lidocaine | Confusion | Cardiac | | | Sodium | ase | | , | arrest | | | Channel | numbe | Mexiletin | drowsines | | | | Blockers | r | e | s | Dysrhythm | | | | of | | | ias | | | **T** | PVCs | tocainide | Tremors | can | | | | | | | worsen | | | | - Decre | | Nervousne | | | | | ase | | ss | Pulmonary | | | | risk | | | fibrosis | | | | of | | Nausea | | | | | ventr | | | | | | | icular | | heartburn | | | | | tachy | | | | | | | cardia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Incre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | CO; | | | | | | | resto | | | | | | | re | | | | | | | rhyth | | | | | | | m | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Inhib | | | | | | | it | | | | | | | prema | | | | | | | ture | | | | | | | ventr | | | | | | | icle | | | | | | | contr | | | | | | | actions | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Class IC | - More | Flecainid | Dizziness | Supravent | Pregnancy | | | power | e | | ricular | -use | | Sodium | ful | | Heart | and | if | | Channel | than | Propafeno | blocks | ventricul | benefits | | Blockers | IA | ne | | ar | outweigh | | | and | | Altered | dysrhythm | risk | | **T** | IB | | taste | ias | | | | | | | | Older | | | - Treat | | Constipat | | adults-us | | | life- | | ion | | e | | | threateni | | | | with | | | ng | | nausea | | caution | | | ventr | | | | | | | icular | | | | | | | tachy | | | | | | | cardia | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | ventr | | | | | | | icular | | | | | | | fibri | | | | | | | llation, | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | treat | | | | | | | SVT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Slow | | | | | | | impul | | | | | | | se | | | | | | | condu | | | | | | | ction | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Class 3 | - Block | Amiodaron | Photosens | - ARDS- | | | Potassium | s | e | itivity | fluid | | | Channel | potas | | | build | | | Blockers | sium | Dofetilid | [hypothyr | -up | | | | chann | e | oidism]{. | in | | | **T** | els | | underline | lungs | | | | and | ibutilide | } | | | | | lengt | | | - Toxic | | | | hens | | | epide | | | | the | | | rmal | | | | durat | | | necro | | | | ion | | | lysis | | | | of | | | (skin | | | | actio | | | disor | | | | n | | | der) | | | | poten | | | | | | | tial | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Treat | | | | | | | ventr | | | | | | | icular | | | | | | | tachy | | | | | | | cardia | | | | | | | & | | | | | | | fibri | | | | | | | llation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Conve | | | | | | | rt | | | | | | | atria | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | fibri | | | | | | | llation/f | | | | | | | lutter | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | norma | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | sinus | | | | | | | rhyth | | | | | | | m | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Slow | | | | | | | condu | | | | | | | ction | | | | | | | throu | | | | | | | gh | | | | | | | AV | | | | | | | node | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Type | Mechanism | Examples | Side | Adverse | Other | | | of action | | effects | effects | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Class 4 | - To | Diltiazem | | | | | Calcium | treat | | | | | | Channel | supra | Verapamil | | | | | Blockers | ventricul | | | | | | | ar | | | | | | **T** | tachy | | | | | | | cardia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Slow | | | | | | | condu | | | | | | | ction | | | | | | | throu | | | | | | | gh | | | | | | | SA & | | | | | | | AV | | | | | | | nodes | | | | | | | -decrease | | | | | | | HR | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Adenosine | - Given | | Facial | - Aller | Should be | | | IV to | | flushing | gy | given as | | **T** | treat | | | rare | a rapid | | | SVT | | Shortness | | IV bolus | | | | | of breath | - Shoul | injection | | | - Mecha | | | d | , | | | nism | | Transient | not | after | | | simil | | dysrhythm | be | given | | | ar | | ias | given | usually a | | | to | | | to | brief | | | calci | | | patie | period of | | | um | | | nts | asystole | | | chann | | | with | before | | | el | | | heart | normal | | | block | | | block | rhythm | | | ers | | | | resumes | | | | | | - Fatal | | | | - Slows | | | cardi | - Half- | | | impul | | | ac | life | | | se | | | arres | | | | throu | | | t | | | | gh | | | | | | | AV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Decre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | HR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Resto | | | | | | | re | | | | | | | patie | | | | | | | nt | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | norma | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | sinus | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Magnesium | - Used | | diarrhea | - Compl | | | Sulfate | intra | | | ete | | | | venously | | | heart | | | **T** | to | | | block | | | | preve | | | | | | | nt | | | - Respi | | | | torsa | | | ratory | | | | de | | | arres | | | | de | | | t | | | | point | | | | | | | es | | | | | | | from | | | | | | | retur | | | | | | | ning | | | | | | | after | | | | | | | patie | | | | | | | nt | | | | | | | has | | | | | | | been | | | | | | | defib | | | | | | | rillated | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | get | | | | | | | back | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | norma | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | rhyth | | | | | | | m | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ventr | | | | | | | icular | | | | | | | dysrh | | | | | | | ythmia | | | | | | | cause | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | low | | | | | | | magne | | | | | | | sium | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Decre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | excit | | | | | | | ability | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Statins | - Most | [Atorvast | Upset | - [Rhab | [Not too | | | commo | atin]{.un | stomach | domyolysi | be used | | | nly | derline} | | s]{.under | during | | | presc | | Gas | line}: | pregnancy | | | ribed | [Lovastat | | muscl | or | | | antih | in]{.unde | Constipat | e | breastfee | | | yperlipid | rline} | ion | break | ding | | | emic | | | down; | bc fat | | | drugs | Fluvastat | Cramps | gener | need for | | | | in | | al | brain | | | - [Inhi | | | soren | developme | | | bit | "-statin" | | ess, | nt]{.unde | | | HMG-C | | | muscl | rline} | | | oA | | | e | | | | reduc | | | pain, | | | | tase | | | vomit | | | | (enzy | | | ing, | | | | me | | | stoma | | | | that | | | ch | | | | contr | | | pain, | | | | ols | | | brown | | | | chole | | | urine | | | | sterol | | | | | | | produ | | | - Decre | | | | ction)]{. | | | ased | | | | underline | | | liver | | | | } | | | funct | | | | | | | ion | | | | - Lower | | | | | | | blood | | | | | | | lipid | | | | | | | level | | | | | | | s | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Type | Mechanism | Examples | Side | Adverse | Other | | | of action | | effects | effects | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Bile Acid | - Help | | GI | | Patient | | Sequestra | body | | discomfor | | should | | nts | lose | | t | | take the | | | chole | | | | tablet | | | sterol | | [Constipa | | with at | | | | | tion]{.un | | least 12 | | | - Bind | | derline} | | to 16 oz | | | with | | | | of water | | | chole | | | | | | | sterol | | | | Colestipo | | | in | | | | l | | | the | | | | can | | | intes | | | | change | | | tine-Chol | | | | the | | | esterol | | | | action of | | | elimi | | | | the | | | nated | | | | anticoagu | | | throu | | | | lant | | | gh | | | | warfarin- | | | stool | | | | decrease | | | | | | | absorptio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | Vitamin K | | | | | | | (bleeding | | | | | | | ); | | | | | | | directly | | | | | | | bind to | | | | | | | warfarin | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Cholester | - 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Activ | Fenofibra | Stomach | - Incre | Can | | | e | te | upset | ased | increase | | | cell | | | creat | effective | | | lipid | Gemfibroz | Diarrhea | inine | ness | | | recep | il | | level | of | | | tors, | | Heartburn | s | warfarin | | | break | | | in | | | | down | | Muscle | patie | Gemfibroz | | | lipid | | weakness | nts | il-intera | | | s | | | with | cts | | | for | | | kidne | with | | | elimi | | | y | statins | | | nation | | | disea | causing | | | | | | se | higher | | | - Decre | | | | blood | | | ase | | | - galls | levels; | | | liver | | | tones | grapefrui | | | produ | | | | t | | | ction | | | | can | | | of | | | | reduce | | | trigl | | | | effect | | | ycerides | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | incre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | use | | | | | | | by | | | | | | | fat | | | | | | | tissu | | | | | | | es | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mildl | | | | | | | y | | | | | | | incre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | HDL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Incre | | | | | | | ase | | | | | | | chole | | | | | | | sterol | | | | | | | excre | | | | | | | tion | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | bile | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Nicotinic | - 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Rhabd | | | | | | | omyolysis | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Thromboly | Dissolve | | | | | | tic | existing | | | | | | Drugs | clots for | | | | | | | heart | | | | | | | attacks, | | | | | | | strokes, | | | | | | | embolism | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Colony-St | Stimulate | | | | Used for | | imulating | bone | | | | kidney | | Agents | marrow to | | | | failure | | | increase | | | | or chemo | | | productio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | of red | | | | | | | blood | | | | | | | cells or | | | | | | | platelets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Improve | | | | | | | ability | | | | | | | to clot | | | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+