CURRENT EVENTS, NEWS, TECHNOLOGIES AND OTHER INFORMATIONS (PDF)

HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER CURRENT EVENTS, NEWS, TECHNOLOGIES AND 17. What is R.A. No. 11203? OTHER INFORMATIONS Ans : Rice Tariffication Law 1. Who is the Secretary of the...

HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER CURRENT EVENTS, NEWS, TECHNOLOGIES AND 17. What is R.A. No. 11203? OTHER INFORMATIONS Ans : Rice Tariffication Law 1. Who is the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture? 18. What is R.A. No. 10915? Ans : Francisco P. Tiu Laurel Jr. Ans : Philippine Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Act of 2016. 2. Who is the Secretary of the Department of Agrarian Reform? 19. What is R.A. No. 10816? Ans : Conrado Estrella III Ans : Farm Tourism Development Act of 2016 3. What month is the Farmers and Fisherfolk Month? 20. What is Republic Act No. 10601? Ans : May of every year Ans : Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law 4. What month is the Philippine Agriculturist Month? 21. What is R.A. No. 7607? Ans : July of every year Ans : Magna Carta of Small Farmers 5. What month is the National Cooperative Month? 22. What is R.A. No. 5185? Ans : October of every year Ans : An Act Granting Autonomous Power to Local Government or the Decentralization Act of 1962. 6. What month is the National Livestock and Poultry Month? 23. What is R.A. No. 3844? Ans : October Ans : Agriculture Land Reform Code 7. What month is the National Rice Awareness Month? 24. What is R.A. No. 680? Ans : November of every year Ans : An Act Creating the Bureau of Agricultural Extension 8. What month is the Organic Agriculture Month? 25. What is E.O. No. 172? Ans : November of every year Ans: Approving the Coconut Farmers and Industry Development Plan 9. What is R.A. No. 12022? 26. What E.O. No. 338? Ans : Anti-Agricultural Economic Sabotage Act Ans : Reconstructing the Department of Agriculture , Providing 10. What is R. No. 11953? Funds, Therefor and for other Purposes Ans : New Agrarian Emancipation Act 27. What is E.O. No. 116? 11. What is R.A. No. 11901? Ans : Renaming the Ministry of Agriculture and Food to as Ministry of Agriculture… Ans : Amendments to the Agri-Agra Law 28. What is A.O. No. 28 series of 2008? 12. What is Commonwealth Act No. 85? Ans : Designating ATI as Apex Agency for a Unified and Ans : An Act Creating the Position of Provincial Agriculturists Efficient Agriculture and Fisheries Extension System. Supervisors, and other Local Agricultural Supervisors… 29. What is A.O. No. 3 Series of 2022? 13. What is R.A. No. 11511? Ans : Creation of the National Urban and Peri-Urban Ans : An Act Amending R.A. 10068 or the Organic Agriculture Agriculture Program (NUPAP) a banner program of the Act of 2010. Department of Agriculture 14. What is R.A. No. 11524? 30. What is A.O.No. 36 Series of 2021? Ans : Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund Act Ans : Transfer of the National Training Center on Pig Husbandry from the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) to the 15. What is R.A. No. 11321? Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) and renaming the same as the NATIONAL SWINE RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER Ans : Sagip Saka Act 31. What is A.O. No. 3 Series of 202? 16. What is R.A. No. 11291? Ans : Implementing the National Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Plan Ans : Magna Carta for the Poor  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER 32. What replaced the Philippine Seed Board (PSB)? 46. National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) approved three new plant varieties from the Bureau of Plant Industry Ans : National Seed Industry Council thru RA 7308 or the Seed in Los Baños namely ______ Industry Development Act Ans : “Luntian” mung beans, “Hitik” pole sitao, and “Golden 33. What law created the National Committee on Biosafety Globe” tomatoes. The “Golden Globe” tomato, f, boasts a high of the Philippines (NCBP) ? beta-carotene content and a longer shelf life, improving market longevity and nutritional benefits. Ans : E.O. 430 47. What biological control agent in rice reduces 30-68% 34. It is the first ASEAN country to initiate biotechnology of rice black bug (RBB) population in seven days regulatory system? preventing yield loss of 80% due to bug burn? Ans : Philippines Ans : Metarhizium 35. Which genetically modified organism crops allowed 48. It is a good alternative to commercial fertilizers for for cultivation in the country? vegetables, upland rice, and corn helping farmers save on production cost while causing no harm to humans Ans : Bt corn, Golden Rice, Bt eggplant and environment. Reduces fertilizer use up to 80% and Provides plant resistance to diseases. 36. Bt corn is engineered for resistance to _____ Ans : Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) Ans : Asiatic corn borer 49. What are the common fiber crops and its uses in the 37. Bt eggplant is resistance to_____ Philippines? Ans : Fruit and shoot borer Ans : 38. In the Philippines, rice constitute almost _________of the Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) Filipino diet? Method of Extraction Ans : 40%  Hand stripping  Spindle-stripping 39. Golden Rice is popularly known as ______  Decortication Ans : Malusog Rice Principal Uses  Pulp and paper 40. Golden Rice was developed to fight against_____  Cordage and Twine  Fiber craft Ans : Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)  Textile and fabric  Furniture 41. Malusog rice is a type of rice with a significant amount  Composite and Construction materials of_____ in grains, which when regularly consumed as staple can provide at least 30% of the estimated Kapok ( Geiba pentandra) average requirement for vitamin A. Method of Extraction Ans : Beta Carotene  Manual  Machine 42. In the Philippines, what agencies leads to the development and deployment of Golden Rice? Principal Uses o Filling materials for pillows, cushions and mattresses Ans : DA, PhilRice and IRRI o Used in the manufacture of the life bouys, life belts, waist coats and other life devises at sea. 43. Golden Rice is a brainchild of_______ o Used in surgery as a substitute for cotton o Upholstery materials Ans : Professor Ingo Potrykus, then of the Institute for Plant o Used with other fibers for the manufacture of the Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and of textiles. Professor Peter Beyer of the University of Freiburg, Germany Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus) 44. A modern biotechnology tool that allows the transfer of a specific trait from one organism to another (by Method of extraction adding the specific gene that carries the desired trait)  Retting  Decortication Ans : Genetic Engineering Principal Uses 45. Malusog Rice was initially developed by adding genes  Gunny sacks or bags from daffodil and a common soil bacterium. Later, a  Fabric better version of Malusog Rice was developed using a  Burlap gene from__________ instead. This version has twenty  Floor carpet times more beta carotene than the first.  Tarpaulin  Upholstery cloth Ans : Corn  Towels  Rope  Pulp and papers  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER 53. The oil palm is scientifically known as Maguey (Agave cantala) _______________which belongs to the family of palms that include coconuts. Method of extractions  Retting Ans : Elaeis guineensis Jacq.,  Decortication 54. Oil palm plantations generally remain profitable for Principal Uses __________years , after which they need to be replanted. o Carpets Peak palm oil yields occur anywhere between 10 to 18 o Rugs years of age, and gradually decline thereafter. o Doormats o Bags Ans : 25 years o Ropes o Twine 55. The fresh fruit bunch (FFB) is the name of the fruit of o Cords the oil palm, which contains, ________% palm oil and 4% o Sacks palm kernel when processed. o Paper Ans : 18-25% Pineapple (Ananas comosus) 56. What are the advantages of palm oil ? Method of extraction  Hand stripping and scrapping Ans : Palm oil has several advantages over other vegetable oils,  Decortication it is more durable, more resistant to pressure and high  Retting temperature, and is relatively stable. Further, there is a perceived health benefit to palm oil, as unlike many other Principal Uses cooking oils that are liquid at room temperature, it remains as o Hand Scraped Pina- fabrics for barong Tagalog, a solid, and therefore does not need to be hydrogenated as Kimonos, Panuelos, Gowns, Handkerchief, Table other oils do, and thus does not contain trans-fatty acids. napkins, table linens, table cloth, pillow cases, fans and other household items and fashion accessories. 57. It involves using digital tools and data analytics to o Decorticated pina- textiles for clothing, and home, manage farming practices more efficiently. handmade papers. Ans : Precision Agriculture Salago ( Wikstroemia spp) 58. What are the technologies used in precision Principle Uses agriculture?  Excellent materials for the manufacture of currency papers, banknotes, checks, documentary papers, Ans : stencils, handmade papers for art purposes, calligraphy papers.  GPS & GIS: For mapping fields and analyzing spatial  Used for rope making, fishing lines and nets, clothlines, data. sashes, strainers, wallets, colorful hats and other raw  Remote Sensing: Drones and satellites capture data on materials in making Japanese sliding doors, kimonos crop health and growth. and components for radio and microcomputers. 59. It is a method of applying nutrients directly to the 50. What is retting? leaves of plants rather than through the soil. Ans : Its is a process that separates the fiber bundles from the Ans : Foliar Fertilizer central stems thus loosening the fibers from the wood tissues of the fiber crops employing the action of microorganisms and water / moisture. 60. What is Contour Hedgerow System? 51. It involves growing plants in water-based, nutrient- Ans : dense solutions rather than soil. The roots are directly  This system is the planting of hedgerows with exposed to or suspended in the nutrient solution, leguminous tree and other plant species along the which provides everything the plant needs to thrive. contour of sloping lands to provide vegetative barriers to soil erosion while contributing green manure to cash Ans : Hydroponics crops grown in the alley-strips.  The first instrument you need is an A-Frame. This is a 52. What are the different types of hydroponics systems? simple but effective instrument in establishing contour lines. Ans :  Along the edges usually used are Leucaena (Ipil-ipil) and Gliricidia (Kakawate). These vegetative barriers  Nutrient Film Technique (NFT): A thin film of nutrient reduce the length of slope of the land, thus reducing solution flows over the roots, allowing for oxygenation run-off velocity. and nutrient absorption.  Fast growing nitrogen-fixing trees or shrublegumes are  Deep Water Culture (DWC): Plants are suspended in a commonly used as hedgerows. nutrient solution, with roots fully submerged.  They serve as windbreaks to alley crops during strong  Drip System: Nutrients are dripped onto the plants at weather and possible shade to crops. Some of these are intervals, providing consistent feeding. ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) and kakawate  Aeroponics: The roots are misted with nutrients in a (Gliricidia sepium). highly oxygenated environment, leading to rapid growth.  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER  Forage grasses such as napier, king grass, vetiver, and 66. This is considered to be the best coffee in other sugarcane can also be used as hedgerows. These countries because of its excellent flavor and aroma. It is provide continuous supply of fodder for farm animals. known locally “kapeng tagalong”.  The grasses can be mixed with the legume shrubs and other plants in the hedgerow strips. Ans : Arabica  Fruit crops such as banana, jackfruit, citrus, chico, coffee, papaya, mulberry. cashew and mango can also 67. Also known as kapeng barako? be combined with some hedgerows.  Nitrogen-fixing trees or shrub legumes are pruned Ans : Liberica periodically to a cutting height of about 0.5 m every 45 to 60 days to minimize shading. Trimmings are spread 68. The Hylocereus is commonly known as_____ as mulch to the strip or alleyway to sustain crop production. Ans : Dragonfruit 61. These are biologically prepared materials in 69. The genera Fragaria is commonly known as_____ compounded soil mixture containing a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria or rhizobia which Ans : Strawberry symbiotically fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that 70. ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Sinco” are varieties of_____ leguminous plant can assimilate. Ans : Legume Inoculants Ans : Lychee 62. Bugtok disease in banana is caused by what pathogen? 71. What pineapple variety is favored for canning and fresh fruit consumption? Ans : Ans :  Bugtok or Tibagnol” is an endemic bacterial disease severely infecting fruits of a cooking bananas like Smooth Cayene (Hawaiian). Other cultivars grown locally are Cardaba or Saba’, Turangkog or Sab-a, Abuhon, Mundo Queen (Formosa) and Red Spanish (Native Philippine Red). and even dessert type Latundan.  Bugtok is a local term in the Southern Philippines used 72. What is the first Philippine –bred hybrid papaya? to describe fruits which are discolored and hard even when ripe. Ans :  This disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith. "Sinta" is the first Philippine-bred hybrid papaya, semi-dwarf, profile, sweet and flesh and weighs 1.2-2.0 kg./fruit. 63. Moko disease in banana is caused by what pathogen? 73. Seematjan, ‘Seenjonja’, Sri Chompoo’, and Maharlika Ans : are varieties of _____  Bacterial wilt (Moko disease) is a highly contagious Ans : Rambutan disease that infects banana in just few weeks.  This is caused by a soil-borne bacterium, Ralstonia 74. This variety of lanzones is a natural cross between solanacearoum. This is a mechanically-transferable Duku and Paete (Langsat). disease through the use of contaminated tools.  This can also be transmitted by flower-visiting insects. Ans : Longkong The symptoms are manifested within ten (10) days after the entry of the bacterium into the plant. 75. Nagbayto, Makiling and Guevarra are varieties of____ 64. Panama disease in banana is caused by? Ans : Cashew Ans : 76. Variety of citrus locally known as Kalamansi?  Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) is regarded as one of Ans : Kalamondin the most destructive fungal disease of banana in recorded history. 77. This variety of citrus is locally known as “sintones" or  It is first epidemic in Panama in 1890 and proceeded to "dalanghita devastate the Central America and Caribbean banana industries. This has now been reported from all banana Ans : Mandarin growing regions in the Philippines.  This disease is caused by a fungus, Fusarium 78. This variety of citrus is locally, it is known as "lukban" oxysporum f. sp. cubense (E. F. Smith) Snyd. and Hans or "suha” (Foc). Ans : Pummelo 65. Sigatoka disease in banana is caused by? 79. This variety of citrus is locally called "dalandan" or Ans : "kahel", it originated from China. Its varieties cultivated in the country are Hamlin, Pineapple and Valencia  Sigatoka leaf spot disease can be caused by two (2) related ascomycetous fungi: Mycosphaerella fijiensis Ans : Sweet orange Morelet, which is the black Sigatoka and Mycosphaerella musicola Leach ex Mulder causing 80. This variety of citrus is locally known as "dayap’ ? yellow Sigatoka. Ans : Lime  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an 81. It is believed that the 1st cacao seed planted in the independent, non-governmental international organization Philippines was the Criollo variety brought via the that develops standards to ensure the quality, safety, efficiency, Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade in 1670. and interoperability of products, services, and systems worldwide. Ans : Criollo ISO standards cover a broad range of industries, including 82. This variety of cacao is mainly used to give chocolate agriculture, manufacturing, technology, health, and more, its full-bodied flavor. They have bitter taste, thus, often providing guidelines that help organizations achieve consistent blended with superior cocoas. quality and promote innovation. Ans : Forastero 89. In 2023 data, the Gross Value Added in Agriculture, 83. The seed of mangosteen is______ and the plant Forestry and Fishing in the GDP is ____ developed from it carries the same characteristics of the mother plant. Ans : 8.6% Ans : Apomictic 90. What are the leading agriculture and fishery export commodities of the Philippines? 84. Avian flu is caused by what type of pathogen? Ans Ans : The leading Agriculture and Fishery export commodities were : o Fresh Banana ( for Japan) Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a viral infection that o Coconut Oil (for Netherlands ) primarily affects birds, especially wild waterfowl like ducks o Pineapple (for USA) and geese, but it can also infect domestic poultry (chickens, turkeys, ducks) and other animal species. While most strains 91. How many persons are employed in the agriculture do not infect humans, some highly pathogenic strains, like sector? H5N1 and H7N9, have occasionally spread to humans, Ans resulting in severe illness and even fatalities. In 2023, the total employed persons in agriculture and fisheries 85. What is ASF? comprised 23.2 million of the national employment. Ans 92. According to the FPA, what are the banned pesticides in the Philippines? African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar. ASF does not infect Ans humans, but it has a high mortality rate in pigs and can devastate pig populations, causing significant economic losses 1. Endosulfan in the pork industry. There is currently no vaccine or cure for 2. DDT ASF, making prevention and biosecurity crucial in managing its 3. 1-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) spread 4. 2, 4, 5-T 5. Chlordimeform 6. Copper(II) Acetoaresenite (Paris Green) 86. What is a Good Agriculture Practice (GAP)? 7. DBCP 8. Elemental Phosphorus (White & Yellow) Ans 9. EPN 10. Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) is a set of standards and 11. Gophacide practices aimed at ensuring agricultural production is safe, 12. HCH/BHC environmentally sustainable, and economically viable. These 13. Leptophos practices are recognized worldwide and are often used to 14. Mercuric Fungicides improve food safety, worker health, environmental protection, 15. Nitrofen and product quality. 16. Parathion-ethyl 17. 2-Fluoroacetamide (1081) 18. Sodium Fluoroacetate 87. What is HACCP? 19. Strychnine 20. Thallium Sulfate Ans 21. Triphenyltin 22. Aldrin Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a 23. Dieldrin systematic approach to food safety that focuses on identifying, 24. Endrin assessing, and controlling potential hazards throughout the 25. Heptachlor food production process. Originally developed for NASA to 26. Toxaphene/Camphechlor ensure safe food for astronauts, HACCP is now widely applied 27. Azinphos Ethyl across food industries to manage food safety risks and is often 28. Organotin Compounds integrated into Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good 29. Parathion-methyl Manufacturing Practices (GMP). 30. Chlordane 93. According to the FPA, what are the restricted pesticides 88. What is ISO? in the Philippines? Ans : Ans  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER Spodoptera frugipeda Pentachlorophenol (SeverelyRestricted) (PCP) 96. One of the control measures for Fall Army Worm is the For use in wood treatment only by FPA application of pesticides with_________as active Accredited wood treatments plants ingredients? and institutions. Aldicarb Importation not allowed except in Ans : Azadirachtin / Neem cases of emergency as determined by the authority. 97. Anthracnose, Scab and Diplodia stem end rot in mango Carbon Disulfide Adequate time for aeration is required are caused by______ after treatment before commodities are processed into food or feed. Ans Carbon Tetrachloride Adequate time for aeration is required Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloesporioides) after treatment before commodities Scab ( Elsinoe mangiferae) are processed into food or feed. Diplodia stem end rot (Lasiodiploidia theobromea) Chlorobenzilate Importation not allowed except in cases of emergency as determined by 98. Sooty mold, Gumosis and Seedling wilt in mango are the authority. caused by what pathogens ? Chloroform Adequate time for aeration is required after treatment before commodities Ans are processed into food or feed. Deltamethrin Banning of the use of Deltamethrin in Sooty mold (Capnodium mangiferae ) Banana Gummosis (Phytopthora palmivora) Entropop For use in banana plantations only. Seedling wilt (Pythium spp. ) Ethyl formate Adequate time for aeration is required after treatment before commodities 99. What are the different fruit abnormalities in mango? are processed into food or feed. Fipronil Banning of the use of Fipronil in Ans : Banana through bud injection HCN Generating Adequate time for aeration is required “Bioko” and “Kasoy-kasoy” Materials after treatment before commodities are processed into food or feed. 100. What is also known as “ Mango midge, leaf gall midge, gall fly and mango leaf gall? Inorganic Arsenicals For use by FPA Accredited wood (Arsenic Trioxide) treatment and wood preserving plants Ans : only. Lindane (Gamma- The only allowed use to date is on Cecid fly (Procantarinia spp) BHC) pineapple plantations by soil pre- The damage is locally known as kurikong plant application. Methidathion For use in banana plantations only. 101. What disease in coconut is derived from the Methyl Bromide Adequate time for aeration is required Bicol term “ gadan-gadan” which means dead or dying after treatment before commodities ? are processed into food or feed. Monocrotophos Allowed use is for beanfly control on Ans : Cadang –Cadang legumes only. Paraquat Restricted for institutional Use Only. 102. What is Coconut Leaf Pruning? Approval of use will be based on strick compliance by the imported/end-user Ans of the requirements act for its use. Phenamiphos For use in banana and pineapple Coconut Leaf Pruning (CLP) involves removal of coconut leaves plantations. at the lower crown supporting maturing bunches (from buko to Phosphine Adequate time for aeration is requiredharvestable nuts) to allow adequate sunlight for the normal Generating after treatment before commodities development and high yield of perennial and annual crops Compounds are processed into food or feed. especially sun loving crops. The technology has several implications on cultural and cropping systems as well as additional income from the sale of pruned leaves and their 94. What is the biological control for Cocolisap / Coconut byproducts. Scale Insect (CSI), Aspidiotus rigidus? 103. What are the advantage of Coconut Leaf Ans : Pruning Technology ? An endoparasitoid, Comperiella calauanica, laid its eggs to the Ans body of CSI, whose larvae live as parasites that will eventually emerged through the formation of exit holes and kill their host o Generates additional income. CSI. o Provides wider choice of marketable annual and perennial crops to be underplanted Comperiella was first found in Calauan, Laguna by the o Obtains higher yields and better growth characters of pioneering researchers at the De La Salle University and the intercrops resulting in cropping system with higher scientists from National Crop Protection Center. efficiency and farm productivity o Minimizes the adverse effects of drought on fruit set 95. The Fall Armyworm is scientifically known as_____ o Serves as a mechanical control measure for damages caused by pests and diseases on lower and older leaves Ans  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER 104. What are the recommended vegetables for o Chemical Control- Trunk inject palms within 20 m intercropping under coconut palms? radius from infected with fungicide containing Fosetyl -Al. Ans : o Biological Control - Regular application of organic and bio-control agents (Trichoderma) for suppression of o Vegetable intercropping under coconut palms is one of pathogens. the popular intercropping practices in rural areas for o Resistant Varieties - Plant coconut varieties that are many good reasons. It requires short period of less susceptible or tolerant to bud rot disease, thereby planting time, smaller area (vacant spaces between avoiding use of pesticide. coconut), provides additional income to coconut farmers and nutritious food for farm communities. 108. What is Asiatic Palm Weevil? o Vegetable intercropping such as tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, squash, okra, ginger, etc. is highly Ans recommended under coconuts aged one to six years old or 26-60 years old. These vegetables can be o A lethal pest of coconut and 30 other plant species intercropped in plots under the interrows of coconuts. o Infest 5-20 years old, when the trunk tissues are still soft and succulent. 105. What are the benefits of the coconut-vegetable o Mated female deposits eggs by scooping small holes on cropping system? wounds on trunk or fronds o After hatching, larva bores deeply into the trunk and Ans : spends its entire life cycle inside o Larvae and adults continuously chewed on the inside  Vegetable crops can be planted anytime of the year. of the trunk There is stable and continuous demand as it is o The feeding can reach the growing point and kill the consumed daily in everyone’s dining table. palm  Its nutritive value and health benefits are well-known. o Infestation that started on the base of trunk can result  It intensifies land use which increases returns on cash to toppling and death of palms inputs.  Provides labor utilization pattern and income 109. How do you detect Asiatic Palm Infestation? distribution.  Alleviates poverty and improves food security in rural Ans : areas. o Infestation is not visible outside since the pest dwells, 106. Which causes the bud and nut rot in coconut? feeds and breeds inside the trunk o Presence of frass or chewed coconut wood oozing out Ans : of holes o Presence of holes and tunnels on the base of the trunk  Phytophthora palmivora Butler is a water mold which o Audible gnawing or nibbling sounds coming out of the causes bud rot and nut rot disease of coconut holes.  The water molds produce three types of spores: sporangia that can be moved by wind or water, 110. What are the different management practices zoospores that are motile in water, and for Asiatic Palm Weevil? chlamydospore that are very long lived in the soil  It can cause fruit and root rots, stem canker, leaf and Ans. seedling blights in over a thousand plant species  The causal organism is disseminated by wind, rain Curative treatment-Drill, Pour, Plug Method splashes, insects and human activities  Disease spread is favoured by high relative humidity o Determine entry point and extent of the feeding by of 94-100% and temperature of 24oC and below tapping on the trunk  It infects palms of all ages but young palms (less than o Drill two holes slanting downwards, about 6cm deep, 20 yr old) are more susceptible. 30 cm apart, above the point where approximately the  Early diagnosis is frequently not possible thus infected pests are burrowing palms often die o Prepare the recommended insecticide solution (for  If the plantation has humid and cool conditions, all beetles) or use botanical biocide (tubli extract 70%) palms can be infected and die from the disease o Pour the solution into the holes, taking care that there  Once infected, there is a very low chance of recovery is no spillage o Temporarily cover the holes with wooden plugs 107. What are the Diseases Management o After 3 or 4 days, inspect if the gnawing/ nibbling recommended for bud and nut rot in coconut? sounds are still audible, repeat the treatment. o If no sounds were heard, cover holes tightly with Ans : wooden plugs and apply coal tar on the cover. o If the active feeding is right below the pith, insecticide o Mechanical Method - Cut and burn infected trees as is poured directly onto the crown. soon as disease is detected to avoid further spread. Pheromone trapping Cultural Method  Commercial palm weevil lures is used at a rate of one  Adopt proper spacing and avoid high density trap for every 1-2 ha. Lure is placed in store bought or planting. fabricated pail that have small windows and rough  Implement regular field sanitation and provide outside surface. Trapping is enhanced with the adequate drainage in water logged areas. addition of food baits.  Avoid intercropping coconut with alternate hosts like cacao, durian, papaya and black pepper. Farm Sanitation  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER  Removal of all dead infested palms and extermination can be used to manage many insect pest species. One of all stages of the pest. particular strain of GMF can cause mortality in larval, pupal and adult stages of the coconut rhinoceros Preventive chemical treatments beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.). o Once in contact, the conidia of the fungus will  Palms located around the infested palms are sprayed germinate on the host beetle and penetrate its cuticle. with chemicals at the base of trunk or on new holes to It will multiply in the hemocoel and other tissues ward off possible entry of the pest. Avoid wounding causing mummification. the trunk as this attracts the weevil. o A white mass of fungus first appears on the surface of the mummified body of the beetle about 10 days from Implementing quarantine measures infection. It turns to green after 3 to 5 days.  Thorough inspection of planting materials and plant 114. What are the recommended organic fertilizers parts to avoid infestation. for coconut? Biological control Ans  One predator and one entomopathogen were found to o Alternative sources of fertilizers for coconut such as attack the weevils. Five to ten adult earwigs organic fertilizers are now being used by farmers in (Chelisoches morio) can be released to an infested combination with chlorine nutrient sources as KCl palm. (44% Cl) and NaCl or common salt (50% Cl) inorganic fertilizers. Several farm wastes e.g. animal manures 111. What is Rhinoceros beetle? specifically goat manure and coconut farm by- products are usually produced right in the farmer’s Ans backyard. Aside from their nutritional value, they have high organic matter content, which improve soil o Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) physical and chemical conditions thus providing better o Rhinoceros beetle is the most prevalent pest of the water retention and soil aeration. coconut palm o The abundance of breeding areas allows rapid Sources Of Organic Fertilizers population increase o Goat Manure o Adults are the destructive stage o Coconut Husk o Adult bores into the crown, penetrating 10-50 cm o Coconut Coir Dust down to the pith (Giblin-Davis, 2001) o Coconut dry leaves, stipules, branches o Beetle bites and sucks the juice through the tight core of the pith Advantages Of Using Organic Fertilizers o It bores outwards emerging from the base of a central o Reduce inorganic fertilizer inputs frond. o Improve soil properties o As the young leaves emerge, they bore the triangular o Balance nutrient source cuts o Maximize utilization of farm residues and waste o In young palms, the bud may be distorted or may products loosen from the crown and eventually dies o Tunnelling and feeding may hit the growing point and Disadvantages Of Using Organic Fertilizers kill the palm  Presence of toxic substances o Percent frond defoliation of 40% and higher can result  Variable fertilizer quality to yield loss  Slow release of mineralized-nutrients  Bulky and difficult to transport 112. What are the management options for  Should be combined with Cl-containing fertilizer to be rhinoceros beetle infestation? more effective in case of animal manures or with nitrogen fertilizers for coconut wastes residues Ans  Goat manure may not always readily and sufficiently available Cultural Control o Collect and utilize coconut debris like slabs, leaves, 115. What are the benefits of drinking coconut rachis, cabbage to avoid biomass piling water? o Scatter thinly decomposed matter on the ground as fertilizer Ans o Plant covercrops if intercropping is not practiced o Practice farm sanitation  Coconut water is the aqueous part of the edible o Regular inspection of all possible breeding sites and endosperm of the coconut fruits. Fully mature coconut collection of all stages of the beetle contains at least 250 grams of water. It contains 6% essential nutrients and 94% of water.  Biological Control using the Green Muscardine Fungus  Coconut water is used effectively as a natural beverage (GMF) due to its low calorie and fat contents.  Biological Control Using Oryctes nudivirus  It is called "nature's sports drink" and dubbed as the  Chemical Control Using Pheromone "fluid of life" due to its unique contents: low amount of calories, carbohydrates and fats, and moderate levels 113. What is biological control for rhinoceros of electrolytes i.e. potassium, magnesium and calcium. beetle? 1. Boost Hydration - Coconut water has hydrating Green Muscardine Fungus (Metarrhizium anisopliae) properties that keeps the essential fluid in the body. It is low in acidity with well-balanced mineral and sugar o The green muscardine fungus (GMF) is a naturally contents which make it a potential beverage for occurring entomopathogen that has many strains and rehydration.  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER 2. Supplies Essential Electrolytes- Coconut water supplies essential electrolytes such as potassium, 127. Goat is mostly farmed in which region? magnesium and calcium. These electrolytes transmit electrical charges in the body that help in muscle Ans : Central Visayaz functioning. 3. Energizes Body and Mind - Coconut water is an 128. Dairy production is mostly confined in what isotonic drink. It helps in revitalizing and regaining region? energy after suffering from dehydration, fatigue, and exhaustion from daily activities. Ans : CALABARZON 4. Reduces Blood Pressure- Coconut water contains high amount of potassium which may help lower blood 129. Chicken is mostly farmed in which region ? pressure and potentially decrease the risk of blood clots forming in the arteries. Ans : Central Luzon 5. Improves Digestion- Coconut water contains bio- active enzymes and dietary fibers that facilitate 130. Chicken eggs are mostly produced in what digestion and prevent the occurrence of acid reflux, region? diarrhea and constipation 6. Aids in Unitary tract bladder problems- Coconut water Ans : CALABARZON is naturally diuretic. The high potassium content of coconut water increases the urge to urinate, flushing 131. Duck is mostly farmed in which region? out toxins and cleans the urinary tract. 7. Regulates Blood sugar level- Coconut water is a good Ans : Central Luzon source of magnesium which improves insulin sensitivity and decreases blood sugar levels of people 132. Duck eggs are mostly produced in which with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. region? 8. Delays Aging- Coconut water contains cytokinin hormone that regulates the aging of the human body. Ans : Central Luzon It restores strength and elasticity of the skin and reduces age spots, wrinkles and sagging. 133. Fresh Bananas are mostly exported to which 116. Palay / Rice is mostly produced in which country? region? Ans : Japan Ans : Central Luzon 134. Coconut Oil is mostly exported to which 117. Corn is mostly produced in which region? country? Ans : Cagayan Valley Ans : Netherlands 118. Coconut is mostly produced in which region? 135. Pineapple and products are mostly exported to which country? Ans : Davao Region Ans : USA 119. Sugarcane is mostly produced in which region? 136. Tobacco Manufactured is mostly exported to Ans : Western Visayaz which country ? 120. Banana is mostly produced in which region? Ans : Republic of Korea Ans : Davao Region 137. Tuna is mostly exported to which country? 121. Pineapple is mostly produced in which region? Ans : Japan Ans : Northern Mindanao 138. Seaweeds and Carageenan are mostly exported to which country? 122. Coffee is mostly produced in which region? Ans : USA Ans : SOCCSKSARGEN 139. Desiccated coconut is mostly exported to 123. Mango is produced in which region? which country ? Ans : Ilocos Region Ans : USA 124. Carabao is mostly farmed in which region? 140. Rubber is mostly exported to which country? Ans : Western Visayaz Ans : Malaysia 125. Cattle is mostly farmed in which region? 141. Tobacco unmanufactured is mostly exported to which country? Ans : Northern Mindanao Ans : Republic of Korea 126. Hog is mostly farmed in which region? 142. Copra Oil Cake is mostly exported to which Ans : Central Visayaz country?  HIRAYA MANAWARI / CAGMAT REVIEW CENTER Ans : Republic of Korea 143. Wheat and Meslin are imported from which country ? Ans : Australia 144. Rice is imported from which country? Ans : Vietnam 145. Soybean oil is imported from which country? Ans : USA 146. Milk, Creams and Products is imported from which country? Ans : USA 147. Palm oils is imported from which country? Ans : Indonesia 148. Coffee comes from which country? Ans : Indonesia 149. Fertilizer is imported from which country? Ans : China 150. Meat of Bovine comes from which country? Ans : Brazil 151. Chicken Meat comes from which country? Ans : Brazil 152. Urea comes from which country ? Ans : Malaysia Compiled by Hiraya Manawari / Cagmat Review Center 2024.