Culture Final Presentation PDF

CULTURE UNIT III Ms. Kamini Chauhan Culture Nature, characteristics and evolution of culture Diversity and uniformity of culture. Difference between culture and civilization Trans cultural society Culture, Modernization and its impact on health and disease.  Meaning of Culture Cultu...

CULTURE UNIT III Ms. Kamini Chauhan Culture Nature, characteristics and evolution of culture Diversity and uniformity of culture. Difference between culture and civilization Trans cultural society Culture, Modernization and its impact on health and disease.  Meaning of Culture Culture is a very broad that includes in itself all our way of life,  modes of behaviour,  our philosophies and ethics,  our morals and manners,  our customs and traditions,  our religious, political, economic and other type of activities. Meaning  Man is born and brought up in a cultural environment.  Other animals live in a natural environment.  Culture refers to a system of learned behaviour which is shared by and transmitted among the members of a group.  The study of society becomes incomplete without a proper understanding of the culture of the society.  Culture and society go together they are inseparable.  Culture forms social relationships, maintains social order, shapes everyday actions and experiences in the society. Definitions of culture Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities acquired by man, as a member of society. -Tylor Culture is the body of thought and knowledge, both theoretical and practical, which only man can possess. -Roberty CONT. Culture consists in the instruments constituted by men to assist him in satisfying his wants. - C.C. North Nature of culture Culture is a acquired quality. Culture is social, not individual heritage of man. Culture is idealistic. Culture is the total social heritage.  Culture fulfils some needs. Culture is an integrated system.  Language is the chief vehicle of culture. Culture is varies from society to society. NATURE OF CULTURE Culture is an acquired quality: Culture is not innate. Culture is learned. Traits learned through socialization, habits and thoughts are what is called culture. Culture is social, not individual heritage of man: It is a social product which is shared by most members of the group. Nature of culture Culture is idealistic: Culture embodies the ideas and norms of a group. It is the expression of human mind in the course of history. Culture is the total social heritage: It is passed from one generation to another through traditions and customs. Culture fulfils some needs: It fulfils those ethical and social needs of the group. Culture is an integrated system: Its various parts are integrated with each other. New element which is introduced is also integrated. Nature of culture Culture is an integrated system: Its various parts are integrated with each other. New element which is introduced is also integrated. Language is the chief vehicle of culture: Man lives not only in the present but also in the past and future. Through language culture transmits to past to present and present to future. Nature of culture Culture is varies from society to society:  Every society has a culture of its own, it not uniform.  Culture is different from US to India. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Characteristics of culture  Culture is shared and acquired with birth……and it is transmitted from one generation to the next.  Culture is basically a blueprint for living in a particular society. Culture is learnt  It is not an inborn tendency but learnt socially by man.  Unlearned behavior such as closing the eyes while sleeping, the eye blinking reflex and so on, are purely physiological and not cultural.  E.g. Shaking hands or saying “namaskar” or “thanks” on the other hand, are cultural. Characteristics of culture Culture is social  Culture does not exist in isolation neither is an individual phenomenon.  It is a product of society and originates and develops through social interactions.  No man can acquire culture without association with other human beings.  It is the culture which helps man to develop human qualities in a human environment. Cont. Culture is shared  Culture in the sociological sense, is something shared.  It is not something that an individual alone can possess e.g. customs, traditions, beliefs, ideas, values, morals etc. are all shared by people of a group or society.  Culture is something adopted, used, believed, practiced or possessed by more than one person. It depends upon group life for its existence. Cont. Culture is transmissive  Culture is transmitted not through genes but by means of language through generations.  Language in its different forms like reading and writing is the main vehicle of culture.  But language itself is a part a culture. Once language is acquired, transmission of culture may take place by imitation as well as by instruction. Cont. Culture is continuous and cumulative Culture is a “growing whole” which includes in itself….. …….Achievements of the past and….. …….The present and…… …….Makes provision for the future achievements of mankind Culture is consistent and integrated. Culture is dynamic and adaptive  Culture is subjected to slow but constant changes.  Change and growth are latent in culture……culture is therefore dynamic.  Culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world……. adaptive nature. Cont. Culture varies from society to society  Culture of every society is unique to itself ……..they are not uniform.  Culture elements such as customs, traditions, morals, ideas, values, ideologies etc, are not uniform everywhere.  No culture ever remains constant it varies from time to time also. TYPES OF CULTURE MA NO TE N- RIA MA L TE CU RIA LT L UR CU E LT UR E MATERIAL CULTURE Material culture refers to manmade objects created by a society that are related to physical aspects of our life. Example…… Clothing Food items Furniture buildings Non material culture These are intangible outcomes of culture. It comprises of non- physical aspects which we cannot touch, feel, taste or hold. These include words people use, language they speak etc. Non material culture Example … Language Beliefs Habits Rituals Practices Thinking Feeling Acting EVOLUTION OF CULTURE  Evolution of specific culture is difficult to identify. But from the discoveries and inventions cultural development can be identified. But one thing is clear that culture is as old as man. Though the material aspects does not us about the culture but reveals the evolution of culture. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE Culture is a set of behavior of a group. Therefore there are many culture as there are many groups. Culture of one group may differ completely or in certain aspects from other. These variations are known as cultural diversity. Factors responsible for diverse culture are as follows Geographical location  Unconscious behavior imitated and later on become a custom which is the part of culture Flexibility in behavior Technological advancement Religious belief Life style Language UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE  Uniformity of culture is meant by sharing the same type of cultural pattern by the different group of people.  Uniformity of culture is far more complex than it seems.  Unity is, all the culture have their fundamental approach to literature, philosophy, traditions and customs which are normally.  Caste, religious rites, ceremonies are following all the culture.  Further holding that all the culture have music, dance, song etc., Some festivals concern as a national and international festivals. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION What is meant by Culture? The ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society What is meant by Civilization? The society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. Differences Culture civilization  Culture is a term used to  Civilization refers to the denote the manifestation process through which a of the manner in which we region or society, outstretches an advanced think, behave and act. stage of human  Culture represent what we development and are? organization.  Civilization represent what  Culture reflected in we have? Religion, art, dance,  Civilization reflected in Law, literature. administration,  Culture can grow and exist infrastructure.  Civilization cannot grow without civilization.  Culture is Higher level of and exist without culture.  Civilization is Higher level of inner refinement. general development. Key differences between Culture and Civilization Culture civilization  Culture is an end; it has no  As against this, civilization measurement standards. has precise measurement  Culture denote the standards. greatest level of inner  Unlike, civilization which is refinement, and so it is external, i.e. it is the internal. expression of state of the  Change in culture is art technology, product, observed with time, as in devices, infrastructure. the old thoughts and  Civilization is continuously traditions lost with the advancing, i.e. the various passage of time and new elements of civilization like ones are added to it which are then transmitted from means of transportation, one generation to another. communication, etc. are developing day by day. CULTURE AND SOCIALIZATION Culture is defined as the belief, values, behavior and material objects shared by a particular group of people.  Socialization is the process which shapes and defines our thoughts, feelings and also provides us with a model for our behavior. This process of socialization teaches the human being the cultural values and norms which provide the guidelines for our everyday life. CONT. Human infants are born without any culture. They must be transformed by agents of socialization such as family, parents, teachers, peers and mass media into culturally adapt human beings. This general process of acquiring culture is referred to as socialization. Successful socialization can result in uniformity within society. CONT. Through the socialization personality develops. Socialization helps us to perform specific role in society which is culturally bound. TRANS CULTURALSOCIETY Transculturalism is defined as “ Seeing oneself in the other”.  Trans cultural is in turn described as “extending through all human culture” or “involving encompassing, or combining elements of more than one culture". TRANS CULTURALSOCIETY  Cultural traits invented or discovered in one society to another that the way of spread directly (persons or group) or indirectly (radio, TV etc.,) to other societies.  Transmission of culture which is movement of traits through time that is, from generation to generation Cont. Factors influential in the process of Trans cultural Society Availability of transportation and communication. Prestige of the transmitted cultural and its people. Migration. The need for some new element to meet a crisis. Adaptability of the recipients of the new culture. Culture and modernization Most modern societies today are multicultural with people of varied cultures living together. In modern society there is a strong acceptance by different cultures of living together, respecting others culture and exchanging values without the dominance of one over the other.