Solid Wastes and its Management (Polytechnic University of the Philippines)

Polytechnic University of the Philippines Quezon City Campus Solid Wastes and its Management Group 13 Juliana Mae P. Estrera John Louie Maboloc Robena Panoncio Prince B Palabino BTLED-HE-CM-1-1 People and Earth's Ecosystem Dr. Joel Ferrer December 4, 2024 TABLE OF CONTENT...................

Polytechnic University of the Philippines Quezon City Campus Solid Wastes and its Management Group 13 Juliana Mae P. Estrera John Louie Maboloc Robena Panoncio Prince B Palabino BTLED-HE-CM-1-1 People and Earth's Ecosystem Dr. Joel Ferrer December 4, 2024 TABLE OF CONTENT.......................................................................1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................2 COURSE OBJECTIVE..............................................................2 DISCUSSION................................................................................3-13 CONCLUSION......................................................................13 REFERENCES...............................................................................14-15 CURRICULUM VITAE....................................................................16-19 PPT **SLIDES..................................................................................20** **\ Introduction** Solid waste management is a fundamental part of modern urban planning and environmental conservation. It consists of systematic collection, treatment, and disposal of materials that have become no longer useful. This aims at preventing unsanitary conditions, pollution of the environment and health hazards resulting from the spread of vector-borne diseases. Beyond just the process of elimination of wastes lies technical innovation, administrative efficiency, and sustainability to promote public health and the protection of the environment. This report discusses the historic development, current practices, and future possibilities of solid waste management, all in line with technological advancements, appropriate regulatory framework, and community participation. This way, in understanding complexities in waste management, we may contribute to effectively developing effective strategies for a sustainable city. **Course Objectives** By the end of this course, you will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. **Discussion** **Definition of Solid Waste** Solid waste is any kind of rubbish, refuse, junk, or discarded material is referred to as solid waste. It can be divided into categories based on the location of generation, such as e-waste, municipal solid garbage, and health care waste. Each year, more than 2 billion tons of municipal solid trash are generated. **Statistics Projection of Solid Waste in the Philippines**  The Projected solid waste on every region in the country are: - - - - - - - - - - - - - The total waste in the country is 61,700 million metric tons per day. With a total of 2.1 million metric tons of solid waste that was made this year. More to this, 70 percent of the material value of plastics was lost to the Philippine economy each year, with the equivalent of 790-890 million dollars per year. 33 percent of wastes in the country ended up in landfills or dumps sites while the other 35 percent ended up in the ocean or the open environment. **Importance of Solid Waste Management** Poor waste management contaminates the air, water, and land. It can take many forms, from nonexistent collection systems to inefficient disposal. Open and dirty landfills can spread infections and diseases and contaminate drinking water. Ecosystems are contaminated by the spread of detritus, and the environment and the health of city people are strained by hazardous materials from industrial or electronic waste. **Sources of Solid Waste** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **Impacts of Solid Waste Mismanagement** 1. 2. 3. - 1. 2. **Control of Solid Wastes\ \ **Solid waste management pertains to waste collection, treatment, and disposal, incorporating household garbage, industrial waste, and hazardous substances such as e-waste and biomedical waste. With the rapidity of urbanization and population growth, waste generation has increased; this increases the risks of environmental and health hazards like pollution and diseases. Improper waste disposal, such as open dumping, leads to air, water, and soil pollution and creates breeding grounds for pests and obstructs sewage systems. Effective waste management is important to prevent environmental degradation and protect public health. This can be achieved through waste reduction, segregation, recycling, and the use of advanced disposal technologies. All these challenges require coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and communities. **Types of Solid Waste\ \ Biodegradable**: Organic waste like food and garden debris that decomposes naturally **Sources:** Households, industries, agriculture, and hospitals **Types of Solid Wastes Management** **Recycling** This type of waste management involves turning waste into a new reusable product. Discarded materials such as plastic are melted and shredded to make it something more useful. The purpose of this is to reduce the waste pollution. The recycling process has different processes which are physical reprocessing, biological reprocessing, and energy recovery. **\ \ Landfills** One of the most popular waste management. It is a place that has been selected as a location for dumping waste. The wastes can either be buried in dirt or left in a pile of heaps. This is the most common type of waste management. This can cause health risks due to methane and other landfill gases. It can also contaminate or pollute near water areas and pollute the air. It also takes up a lot of places. **Incineration** Burning all kinds of waste at an extreme level. The waste will turn to ashes but some will shrink into small pieces. The burned wastes will be buried in dirt. This might be an easy way to remove waste but this might cause a lot of environmental problems, this can contribute to global warming. **Composting\ \ **It is a natural process of recycling organic matter like leaves and food scraps into beneficial fertilizers that can benefit both soil and plants.**\ ** **Plasma Gasification** This type of waste management isn't popular. This uses plasma heat to turn organic materials into synthetic gas which is made of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The temperature will range from 10,000F(5537C) to 3,000F(1648C) converting solid and liquid waste into syngas(synthetic gas). **Vermicomposting\ \ **Vermicomposting is a bio-conversion technique that is commonly used to handle solid waste. Earthworms feed on organic waste to reproduce and multiply in number, vermicompost, and vermiwash as products in this bio-conversion process. **Various Methods of Solid Waste Management\ \ ** **Challenges of Solid Waste Control** Managing solid waste effectively is a pressing global issue due to its implications for public health, environmental sustainability, and economic development. Despite advancements in technology and policy, numerous challenges persist. These challenges are multifaceted and require a coordinated approach to address them comprehensively. Below is a detailed exploration of the key challenges faced in solid waste control: 1\. **Collection and Disposal Infrastructure** Many regions struggle with insufficient infrastructure for waste collection, transportation, and disposal. This lack of proper systems leads to widespread issues such as littering and illegal dumping, which harm the environment and public health. Without proper infrastructure, waste accumulates in public spaces, contributing to pollution, creating breeding grounds for pests, and increasing the likelihood of disease outbreaks. Effective waste management requires robust infrastructure to handle waste safely and efficiently. 2\. **Financial Constraints** A major challenge in waste management is the lack of funding, especially in developing countries. Limited financial resources prevent communities from investing in the necessary infrastructure, technology, and personnel to manage waste effectively. As a result, waste management services are inadequate, leading to improper disposal and treatment of hazardous materials. This can exacerbate environmental issues, such as contamination of soil and water, and pose serious health risks to communities that lack proper waste treatment systems. 3\. **Lack of Public Support** There is often resistance to adopting waste management practices due to cultural habits, misinformation, or economic barriers. People may be reluctant to change their waste disposal behaviors, especially when they perceive it as inconvenient or costly. Similarly, businesses may resist implementing sustainable practices if they are concerned about additional expenses. Governments and local authorities may also face challenges in gaining public support for new policies or changes in waste management systems, leading to slower progress in adopting better practices. 4\. **Ineffective Recycling or Composting** Recycling and composting programs are not as effective as they could be due to a lack of facilities, particularly in rural or underserved areas. Many communities do not have the infrastructure to handle recyclables or compost organic waste, leading to large amounts of recyclable or compostable materials being sent to landfills. This contributes to overfilled landfills, wasted resources, and missed opportunities for environmental sustainability. Expanding access to recycling and composting facilities could significantly reduce the volume of waste that ends up in landfills. 5\. **Impact of Climate Change** Climate change has added complexity to waste management, affecting waste generation, transportation, and landfill management. Rising temperatures can increase the decomposition rate of organic waste in landfills, releasing harmful methane gas, a potent greenhouse gas. Unpredictable weather patterns also make it more difficult to manage waste efficiently. Extreme weather events, like heavy rains or floods, can disrupt waste collection systems, while droughts can hinder landfill operations. The impact of climate change makes it even more important to implement sustainable waste management practices. 6\. **Technological Limitations** Many waste management systems still rely on outdated and inefficient technologies for sorting, recycling, and disposal. Manual sorting processes, which are labor-intensive, can be slow and costly, leading to high operational expenses. In addition, the lack of advanced automated technologies means that valuable materials often go unrecycled, reducing the overall efficiency of waste management systems. Investing in new technologies like automated sorting systems, waste-to-energy solutions, and smart waste tracking systems could improve waste management efficiency and reduce costs. 7\. **Changing Consumer Preferences** The rise of e-commerce and the growing use of single-use plastics have significantly increased non-recyclable packaging waste. Many products purchased online come in excessive packaging, which is often difficult or impossible to recycle. Additionally, the widespread use of single-use plastic products, like bottles and bags, contributes to plastic pollution, especially when proper disposal and recycling infrastructure are lacking. Shifting consumer preferences towards more sustainable products and packaging is crucial to reducing the environmental impact of consumer waste. 8\. **Unclear Regulations** Inconsistent and unclear waste management regulations across regions and countries create confusion for waste management companies, businesses, and local governments. The lack of standardized policies makes it difficult to enforce waste management practices effectively, leading to inefficiencies and non-compliance. Different rules regarding what can be recycled or how waste should be disposed of can also confuse consumers. To improve waste management systems, regulations must be consistent, clear, and enforceable, ensuring that all stakeholders understand their responsibilities and can act accordingly. **Solutions and Recommendations** Solutions for solid waste management include reducing waste through reusable items and minimal packaging, reusing and donating materials, and prioritizing recycling and composting in simple term the 3r's. Public awareness and improved infrastructure are essential, alongside safe hazardous waste disposal and innovative technologies for efficient processing. #### #### #### **Reuse** Reusing materials helps conserve resources and reduce waste. For instance, repurposing packaging materials, such as turning cardboard boxes into storage, can significantly cut down on trash. Instead of disposable items like paper napkins and plates, switch to cloth napkins and durable plates. Untreated wood and yard waste can be reused as mulch, which benefits gardens by preventing weeds and retaining moisture. Donating or selling unwanted items such as clothes, books, or furniture ensures they are reused rather than discarded. Additionally, platforms like Freecycle allow people to give away items, extending their lifecycle and reducing waste. #### **Reduce** Reducing waste starts with changing consumption habits. For example, using reusable shopping bags instead of plastic ones and buying products with minimal packaging can significantly lower waste. Refilling water containers instead of buying bottled water also helps reduce plastic. To minimize paper waste, print only when necessary and avoid junk mail by unsubscribing from mailing lists. Setting personal goals to reduce weekly trash encourages mindful consumption. By making small changes, individuals can drastically reduce the amount of waste they generate. #### **Recycle** Recycling is key to effective waste management, as it helps reclaim valuable materials. Sorting recyclables like paper, cardboard, and plastic at home is a simple way to contribute. Composting organic waste like food scraps and yard clippings can keep waste out of landfills while enriching the soil. Purchasing products made from recycled materials, such as garden tools made from reclaimed plastic, supports recycling markets. Participating in hazardous waste recycling programs ensures safe disposal of items like batteries and electronics, preventing environmental harm. **Community Engagement** Educational campaigns raise awareness about waste management and its environmental impacts. Platforms like the Freecycle Network encourage the exchange or donation of items instead of discarding them. ### **Innovative Practices** Sustainable gardening techniques, such as using recycled-content tools and mulching yard waste, help reduce landfill contributions. Improved infrastructure ensures effective systems for waste collection, tracking, and disposal. **Conclusion** In conclusion, solid waste management is essential for keeping cities clean, safe, and healthy. Over time, it has shown the importance of good planning, and involving the community to handle waste effectively. By improving current methods and following proper rules, we can protect the environment and prevent health problems. For the future, simple and sustainable solutions, along with community support, are key to building cleaner and healthier cities. **References** Solid waste management. (n.d.). UNEP - UN Environment Programme. [[https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/solid-waste-management]](https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/solid-waste-management) What is solid waste? (n.d.). [[https://blog.idrenvironmental.com/what-is-solid-waste]](https://blog.idrenvironmental.com/what-is-solid-waste) es *Definition*. (n.d.). [[https://www3.epa.gov/ghgreporting/help/tool2014/definitions/municipal-solid-waste.html\#:\~:text=Institutional%20waste%20includes%20material%20discarded,for%20processing%20and/or%20disposal]](https://www3.epa.gov/ghgreporting/help/tool2014/definitions/municipal-solid-waste.html#:~:text=Institutional%20waste%20includes%20material%20discarded,for%20processing%20and/or%20disposal).\ \ *Nathanson, J. A. (2018). Solid-waste management. In Encyclopædia Britannica.* [[https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management]](https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management) Solid Waste Management. (2021.). VEDANTU. [[https://www.vedantu.com/biology/solid-waste-management]](https://www.vedantu.com/biology/solid-waste-management)\ Singh, A. (2018). Integrated Solid Waste Management. Mantra Softech India Pvt Ltd. [[https://blog.mantratec.com/integrated-solid-waste-management]](https://blog.mantratec.com/integrated-solid-waste-management)\ Patel, Rakesh. "Overcoming 8 Waste Management Challenges in 2023." *Upper*, 21 Feb. 2024, [[www.upperinc.com/blog/waste-management-challenges/]](http://www.upperinc.com/blog/waste-management-challenges/). County, Chester. "Reducing Waste: Solid Waste Management Tips." Chescoplanning.org, 2020, [[www.chescoplanning.org/uandi/ReducingWaste.cfm]](http://www.chescoplanning.org/uandi/ReducingWaste.cfm). Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Statistics of Projected waste in Philippines [[Environmental Statistics \| Environmental Management Bureau]](https://emb.gov.ph/environmental-statistics-2/) Thaddeus, E. (2022). 7 Main Types of Solid Waste [[7 Main Types of Waste Management with Examples 2024]](https://studyabroadnations.com/types-of-waste-management/) Cariaso, B. (2023). Philippines produces 61,000 million metric tons of waste daily [[Philippines produces 61,000 million metric tons of waste daily \| Philstar.com]](https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/08/06/2286595/philippines-produces-61000-million-metric-tons-waste-daily)  **JULIANA MAE P. ESTRERA** BLK 2 Pook Malinis , UP CAMPUS,Quezon City NUMBER: 09666844221 GMAIL: [[julianamaeestrera004\@gmail.com]](mailto:[email protected]) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SECONDARY: Senior High Shool: Stella Maris College 99 Cambridge St. Cubao , Brgy. Erodriguez Quezon City 2022 -2024 (Graduate) Junior High School: Don Quintin Paredes High School Lanzones St., Anonas , Brgy. Quirino 2B Quezon City 2019 -- 2021 (Graduate) Cahigan National High School 2018-2019 Elementary: Cahigan Elementary School Cahigan, Villaba, Leyte 2012 -- 2018 (Graduate) **JOHN LOUIE N. MABOLOC** 5 A Cenacle Drive Brgy. Culiat, Quezon City NUMBER: 09943541157 GMAIL: [[johnlouie.maboloc1\@gmail.com]](mailto:[email protected]) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SECONDARY: Senior High School: Carlos P. Romulo Senior High School Road 10, Brgy. Bagong Pag-Asa, Quezon City 2022-2024 (Graduate) Junior High School: Ernesto Rondon High School 146 Rd 3, Quezon City, 1100 Metro Manila 2018-2022 (Graduate) Elementary: Project 6 Elementary School Road 2, Corner Rd 6, Quezon City, 1100 Metro Manila 2012-2017 (Graduate)  **Prince B. Palabino** 653 Doña Maria st. Sta Mesa Manila. NUMBER: 09690642472 GMAIL: [[palabinop\@gmail.com]](mailto:[email protected]) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SECONDARY: Senior High school: Arellano University Juan Sumulong Campus 2600 Legarda St., Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines. 2022-2024(Graduate) Makati Science Technological Institute of the Philippines 4410 ERL BLDG. OLD STA. MESA 2018-2022(Graduate) Elementary: Padre Burgos Elementary School P. Burgos St., Pasay City, Philippines 2012-2018(Graduate) **Robena Panoncio** 67-F Madasalin St., Brgy. Teacher\'s Village West Diliman Quezon City NUMBER: 09399648764 GMAIL: [[panonciorobena\@gmail.com]](mailto:[email protected]) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Senior High School: Krus na Ligas Senior High School 45 V. Francisco st., Brgy., Krus na Ligas Diliman, Quezon City 2022-2024 (Graduate) Junior High School: Krus na Ligas High School 45 V. Francisco st., Brgy. Krus na Ligas Diliman Quezon City 2018-2022 (Graduate) Elementary: Cruz na Ligas Elementary School 1 Plaza Santa Ines Brgy. Krus na Ligas Diliman Quezon City 2016-2018 (Graduate)