Cultural Anthropology 2024 Revision Class PDF

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024 REVISION CLASS What will be included in the final exam? The exam will be organized in 90 minutes; closed book form; Date: 23 Dec 2024 The test will include 2 parts: 1. MCQ: 25 questions (25 questions x 2pts - 50 pts) Questions will be taken from the MCQ test bank...

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024 REVISION CLASS What will be included in the final exam? The exam will be organized in 90 minutes; closed book form; Date: 23 Dec 2024 The test will include 2 parts: 1. MCQ: 25 questions (25 questions x 2pts - 50 pts) Questions will be taken from the MCQ test bank. Study areas: Lec 1,2,5,6,7, 9. 2. 2 Short answer questions x 25 pts = 50 pts. Ability to provide theories and explanations: 15 points Ability to provide correct and good examples, and statistics where appropriate: 10 points. Questions will be taken from the test bank. The test will comprise one theory question and one reflection question. You must have a structure for your answers. A well-organized writing should answer the questions directly [for theoretical questions] OR include Introduction - Body - Conclusion structure [for reflections] Each paragraph should have topic sentences, supporting ideas and examples. Analyze, compare and contrast where relevant will bring you bonus points. You should use academic/ professional terms in your answers You must have examples to support your definitions/ concepts and analysis. You should read the lecture book to learn how anthropologists write academically to express their ideas with theories, analysis and examples. Please do not write more than 200 words. Hint: You should look for the noted Chapter, find Chapter Checklist for theories, read the whole chapter for details, analysis, case studies, examples and statistics. TEST BANK 2024: Level 1: [Theories] 1. What is ethnocentrism and its critical issues? How is ethnocentrism reduced, according to anthropologists ? [Chapter 2, Haviland, 2017] 2. What is marriage? How do marriages in different cultures vary? [Chapter 9, Haviland, 2017] 3. What are pluralistic societies and multiculturalism? What are the primary causes of fragmentation in pluralistic societies? [Chapter 16, Haviland, 2017]  4. What are the different types of political organizations? How do political organizations establish authority? [Chapter 12, Haviland, 2017] 5. According to anthropologists, what are the primary causes of war and how does it evolve? What nonviolent approaches do humans use to resolve conflicts? Please provide examples. [Chapter 12, Haviland, 2017] 6. What is art? What are the functions of art? [Chapter 14, Haviland, 2017] 7. What are religion and spirituality, and what role do they play in a cultural system? Please provide examples of religions and spirituality in different cultures [Chapter 13, Haviland, 2017] Level 2: [Reflections] 1. What is ethnocentrism and its critical issues? To what extent is ethnocentrism practiced in China? [Chapter 2, Haviland, 2017] 2. Explain the practice of polyandry among the Nayar in India. What social and economic factors contribute to this marriage system? [Chapter 9, Haviland, 2017] 3. What are the struggles for human rights that ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples face across the globe? Please analyze the socio-economic struggles in the case of Inuit people in Canada. [Chapter 16, Haviland, 2017] Note: I know many of you might analyze the case of Inuit people in Canada with knowledge shared by Ms. Leigh McCumber from the seminar on Canadian Indigenous Peoples. It is okay to have your own example but the case in the lecture book is preferable to keep everyone on the same page. 4. What types of supernatural beings and forces are included in the worldview of humans? Please analyze how are God and Goddess worshipped in various cultures and customs [ Chapter 13, Haviland, 2017]  CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY MCQ TEST BANK PREPARATION FOR FINAL EXAM PART 1 – MCQs: 1. Which of the following is the deepest level of culture? A. Behavior B. Facial expression C. Worldview D. Prejudice 3. According to Lloyd Kwast, “what is real” is the basic question to reveal one’s __________? A. Worldview B. Beliefs C. Values D. Behaviors 4. Douglas Olney is an anthropologist who spent time living in Hmong refugee community to study specific aspects of Hmong people, including kinship and social organization, cultural ecology, economics and material culture, and religion, ritual and folklore; His research method is called _______________. A. Ethnology B. Ethnography C. Visual anthropology D. Observation 5. According to Haviland (2016), _________________ uses anthropological knowledge and methods to prevent or solve practical problems. A. Cultural anthropology B. Biological anthropology C. Archaeology D. Applied anthropology 6. The idea that one must suspend judgment of other people's practices in order to understand them in their own cultural terms, is called: A. Enculturation B. Cultural adaptation C. Cultural relativism D. Cross-cultural interaction 7. Please fill in the blank A. Ethnography B. Visual anthropology C. Archaeology D. Applied anthropology 9. Bajau tribe in Indonesia can be seen as the Sea nomads. The Bajau’s spleen is 50% than Saluan, a neighboring group who barely interact with the sea. Bajau spleens aren’t big just because of training, even Bajau villagers who never dive still have disproportionately large spleens. This strange feature of the Bajau is caused by _____. A. Genetically adapted B. Genetically maladaptive C. Cancer genetic therapy D. Injury 1. In anthropology, holism ________. a) approaches the mind, body, society, and environment as whole and distinct influences on the human condition b) applies only to the study of the individual, not to society in general c) considers human nature as the result of co-evolution d) is a perspective on the human condition that incorporates religious elements 3. Franz Boas is known for ________. a) classifying people into different races according to their "superior" or "inferior" attributes b) studying the indigenous peoples of the Canadian west coast c) his commitment to the perspective of cultural relativism d) both B and C 4. Anthropological fieldwork ________. a) typically results in an ethnography b) is the main data-collection method of cultural anthropologists c) involves elements of reciprocity and reflexivity d) all of the above 11. ________ sets anthropology as a discipline apart from sociology. a) The use of quantitative data b) Clinical work c) Comparative research d) The use of surveys 14. Humans often make sense of their world through the use of ________. a) rules b) definitions c) perspectives d) symbols 15. Even within a single cultural tradition, the meaning of an object may differ depending on ________. a) cost b) size c) context d) color 19. What do anthropologists mean by human agency? a) The capitalist system of contracts whereby one person represents another. b) The capacity and ability to exercise some control over one's life. c) Organizations that find and adopt orphan children. d) The ability to act in the place of another. 21. In addition to the traditional four subfields of anthropology, which of the following two focuses might often be associated with more than one of the four subfields? a) Paleography and ethology. b) Medical and applied anthropology. c) Political anthropology in criminology. d) Feminist and Marxist anthropology. 22. Which of the four subfields of anthropology has the most concern with material culture and technology? a) Cultural anthropology. b) Biological anthropology. c) Anthropological linguistics. d) Archaeology. 23. Some cultural anthropologists use ethnology as a research method and perspective. What does an ethnologist do with cultural data? a) They take a comparative approach to understanding cultural institutions and data. b) They record and write down facts about elements of culture. c) They compare human cultural motivation with the instincts of animals. d) They apply their research findings to real-world problems. 25. One practical application of linguistic anthropology is to ___________. a) determine the relative superiority or inferiority of languages b) to record and transcribe unknown, non-Western languages c) teach people European languages to enhance their ability to communicate d) design communication systems for the functionally deaf 26. Which of the following best characterizes the idea of a cultural pattern? a) The behaviour and ideas that members of the specific society repeatedly pass on to one another in the present and across generations. b) The ideals of belief and behaviour preached by the dominant religious institutions. c) The ideals of culture represented in dramatic plays and movies. d) The parts of culture that are the same in every society. 28. Humans and apes share the ability to use symbolic coding, that is, using symbols to represent elements of reality. a) True b) False 31. Cultural anthropology is also known as social anthropology. a) True b) False 32. Informants, those who provide anthropologists with insights into their way of life, can also be known as teachers, consultants, and friends. a) True b) False 39. Cultural relativism means accepting every human belief and behavior in every other society that one may encounter. a) True b) False 40. Cultural evolution works through natural selection as Darwinian evolution does. a) True b) False 47. A symbol will always convey the same meaning within a particular culture. a) True b) False 48. Anthropologists see art as all the ideas, forms, techniques, and strategies that humans use to do what? A. To describe what they think B. To memorize the culture of the moments they create art C. To memorize the society of creativity and inspiration D. To communicate their creativity and inspiration 49. Cooking and building, fashion and oratory, decorating and dressing, and sewing and play are all ________ through which artists and audiences communicate. A. Media B. Art C. Lifestyle D. Living art 50. Cross-cultural research leads anthropologists to argue that appreciation of art is acquired through what social vector? A. Acculturation B. Enculturation C. Cultural loss D. Globalization 52. Art in Western traditions is often associated with notions of what kind of culture? A. High culture B. Low culture C. Shared culture D. Aesthetical culture 55. ______________ is creative word use on display that includes stories, myths, legends, tales, poetry, metaphor. A. Visual art B. Verbal art C. Musical art D. None of these above 57. ________________ are stories that recount the deeds of supernatural powers and cultural heroes in the past. A. Legends B. Epics C. Myths D. Tales 58. Which political organization closely links to nations? A. Band B. State C. Chiefdom D. Tribe 59. Most …. are egalitarian A. Bands B. Secondary groups C. Chiefdoms D. States 65. Social control has 3 aspects: …………, social order, and punishment of offenses A. conflict resolution B. peer control C. economic development D. entertainment 66. Social structure consists of institutions, social groups, statuses and … A. Families B. companies C. laws D. roles 67. Government by divine guidance means … A. theocracy b. Heredity rule c. Feudalism d. democracy 68. Ramadan is the fasting month of … A. Buddhism  B. Islam C. Judaism D. Christianity 69. Beef-eating is a taboo of … A. Christianity B. Buddhism C. Islam D. Hinduism 70. Where does the Pope reside in 21st Century? A. Greece B. Vatican C. France D. Italy 71. Which city is the birthplace of the three biggest world religions? A. Athens B. Cairo C. Mecca D. Jerusalem 72. Which country has the biggest Mahayana Buddhist community? A. Vietnam B. China C. Thailand D. Japan 73. Blood or consanguinal ties are the most common way we experience kinship. Our "kin" is often taken to mean a brother or sister. Marriage, however, changes all of that. Anthropologists refer to kinship established by marriage as _________________. A. An affinal relationship B. A family relationship C. An acquaintanceship D. A romatic relationship 74. Different cultures define kinship differently. Common to many is the idea that kinship helps everyone recognize who is related to who, which helps maintain the integrity of the incest taboo. In addition, nearly every culture includes an explicit understanding of how kinship confers rights around matters such as inheritance. More subtly, and often not made explicit in the defining of kinship, are _________________ A. Bonds among relatives B. Blood relationship C. Close relations D. Expectations placed on different relatives, such as mothers, fathers, uncles, etc. 76. is a signal to describe what type of relationship? A. Sibling relationship B. Parent – child relationship C. Deceased individual D. Marriage relationship 77. is a signal to describe what type of relationship? A. Sibling relationship B. Parent – child relationship C. Deceased individual D. Marriage relationship 78. is a signal to describe what type of relationship? A. Sibling relationship B. Parent – child relationship C. Deceased individual D. Marriage relationship 79. is a signal to describe what type of relationship? A. Sibling relationship B. Parent – child relationship C. Deceased individual D. Marriage relationship 80. is a signal to describe what type of relationship? A. Sibling relationship B. Divorce relationship C. Deceased individual D. Marriage relationship 81. In the United States, law and custom forbid marriage to certain family members. These laws and customs perpetuate:  A. Kindred exogamy B. Kindred endogamy C. Marriage among cross cousins D. None of these above 82. _______________ is the social norm of marrying outside one’s social group. A. Exogamy B. Endogamy C. Marriage among cross cousins D. None of these above 83. In certain remote parts of Tibet, one woman will become married to all of the brothers in a particular family. Which term best describes this practice? A. Matrilineal system B. Patrilineal system C. Polyandry D. Polygamy 83. The process by which a society’s culture is passed on from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society is: A. Cultural adaptation B. Cultural learning C. Enculturation D. Social integration 84. In a _____________________, two or more ethnic groups or nationalities are politically organized into one territo- rial state but maintain their cultural differences. A. Pluralistic society B. Pluralistic political system C. Subcultural society D. Ethnic society 85. When we talk about marriage between two people who maintain an exclusive relationship with one another while the marriage exists, we're referring to marriage as a form of A. Monogamy B. Polygamy C. Polyandry D. Exogamy 86. Traditionally, Nuer men could be married to more than one woman at the same time. Which term best describes this practice? A. Monogamy B. Polygyny C. Polyandry D. Exogamy 87. The family you are born into is known as the family of __________. The family people  construct when they reach adulthood and acquire a mate is the family of __________. A. Orientation. Procreation B. Procreation. Orientation C. None of these above D. Both of these above 88. The __________________ today is more myth than fact. Consisting, by definition, of a kinship unit of a mother, father and offspring, many forces have changed this definition. Historically, it came into existence during the industrialization of the nineteenth century. A. Clan B. Lineage C. Nuclear family D. Extended family 89. The long line of kings and queens that have ruled England have sometimes been a colorful source of contention, some having been challenged on the basis of their legitimacy. This particular genealogical tree depends on highly accurate documentation and is often referred to as ___________________ A. Clan B. Lineage C. Nuclear family D. Extended family 90. __________________ is a descent group constructed through mother's side of family A. Unilineal B. Ambilineal C. Matrilineal D. Patrilineal 91. Ede ethnic minority is a _____________ in Vietnam. A. Unilineal B. Ambilineal C. Matrilineal D. Patrilineal 92. In the custom of the Ede ethnic in Vietnam, the rights to land ownership is not ensured for _____________ because of its _____________ family system. A. Men, matrilineal B. Women, matrilineal C. Men, patrilineal D. Men, patrilocality 93. While kinship is often thought of as a biological and culturally rule-bound process, recent developments have opened the door to kinship that is accomplished __________ A. By religion A. By hobbies  B. By choice C. By love 91. Colonialism is MOST appropriately described as the practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to which of the following? A. Service B. Raw materials C. Goods and service D. Commodity chain 92. ______________ _ is a practice of clearing land for cultivation; also called swidden farming. A. Foraging B. Agricultural production C. Slash and burn agriculture D. Labor immigrants 93. A new cell phone may have glass from Kentucky, a processor made in France, and a body made in Korea. These parts may then be assembled in China and warehoused in California before going to a store in your hometown. Which of the following terms BEST describes the steps involved in creating and getting the phone to the point of sale? A. Globalization B. Supply chain C. Logistics D. Commodity chain 94. _______________ is more common than ___________________ because, where sex ratios are not equal, there tend to be more women than men. A. Polygyny. Polyandry B. Polyandry. Polygyny C. Endogamy. Exogamy D. Exogamy. Endogamy 95. _______________ is usually practiced in response to specific circumstances, and in conjunction with other marriage formats. In other cultures, polyandry resulted from the fact that men traveled a great deal, thus multiple husbands ensured the presence of a man in the home. A. Polygyny B. Polygamy C. Polyandry D. All of these above. 96. In which of the following countries, same-sex marriage is NOT legal? A. Argentina B. Australia  C. Vietnam D. Austria 97. In the second half of the twentieth century, Turkish authorities outlawed the use of Kurdish language and symbols in an effort to eliminate not only Kurdish culture, but even Kurdish identity. What is this type of cultural change? A. Enculturation B. Acculturation C. Deculturation D. Innovation and diffusion 98. __________________ is the process of acquiring one’s culture, ordinarily as a child, in interaction with other members of one’s society A. Enculturation B. Acculturation C. Deculturation D. Innovation and diffusion 99. __________________ is the process of acquiring a “second culture,” usually as an effect of sustained and imbalanced contact between two societies. Members of the “weaker” society are compelled to adopt aspects of the dominant society A. Enculturation B. Acculturation C. Deculturation D. Innovation and diffusion 100. According to World Population Review, the age of consent around the world varies from 11 to 21. Most countries require young people to be at least ________________ before having sex. A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 16 101. Homosexuality is still punishable by death in this country A. The Philippines B. Afghanistan C. Vietnam D. Tibet 102. _________________ is the destruction of a group’s culture, without necessarily killing any of the members of the culture; A. Ethnocide B. Genocide C. Deculturation D. Massacre 103. In modern times, the Nazi “final solution” against European Jews is the very face of  _________________ for most people, but it is by no means the only one. A. Ethnocide B. Genocide C. Deculturation D. Massacre 104. In the late nineteenth-century American slogan, “Kill the Indian to save the man.” This meant erasing the Indian-ness from Indian people, so that they would become “regular Americans”. This is called _________________. A. Ethnocide B. Genocide C. Deculturation D. Massacre 105.._________________ is a type of revitalization movement in which elements of two or more cultural sources are blended into a new and more satisfying cultural arrangement A. Innovation and diffusion B. Syncretism C. Enculturation D. Millenarianism 106. Which of the following art is NOT an UNESCO heritage? A. Art of Xòe dance of the Tai people in Vietnam B. Art of Bài Chòi in Central Vietnam C. Practices related to the Viet beliefs in the Mother Goddesses of Three Realms D. Art of Wife-stealing of the H’Mong people 107. Biological anthropologists focus on ____________________. A. The impact of colonialism on different cultures B. Cross-cultural patterns of contemporary human politics C. How culture is passed genetically from one generation to the next D. Historic data about various cultures E. Human evolution and contemporary human variation. 108. Archaeologists use which of the following as research materials? A. Pieces of old pottery B. Prehistoric stone tools C. Remains of ruined houses D. Contemporary garbage heaps E. All of the above