HTML Input Elements: Text Areas, Radio Buttons, Checkboxes, and More PDF

A text area is defined by the tag, which has similar attributes to the text field, but also has rows and cols attributes to specify the height and width of the text area in characters. For iinstance, the following code; Top of Form Name:\ Message: Bottom of Form. Radio Button: A radio button in H...

A text area is defined by the tag, which has similar attributes to the text field, but also has rows and cols attributes to specify the height and width of the text area in characters. For iinstance, the following code; Top of Form Name:\ Message: Bottom of Form. Radio Button: A radio button in HTML is an input element that enables the user to choose a single option from a set of associated options. It is defined by the tag, which includes a name attribute to designate the group name and a value attribute to specify the option value. It is important to note that only one radio button in a group can be selected concurrently. For example Male Female Other The code presented above entails the creation of three radio buttons labeled as \"gender\", each possessing distinct values namely \"male\", \"female\", and \"other\". It is crucial to note that only a single option can be selected by the user at any given time. To establish a link between the text and its corresponding radio button, the tag is employed. The implementation of radio buttons proves 41 advantageous when the objective is to constrain the user to selecting a sole option from a predetermined set of alternatives. Checkboxes Input Tag: A check box input tag in HTML refers to an input element that permits the user to choose or unchosen one or multiple options from a given list. This specific input element is characterized by the tag, which includes a name attribute to specify the input\'s name, as well as a value attribute to determine the option\'s value. Furthermore, a check box can possess a checked attribute to denote its default selection status. For example: I agree to the terms and conditions. This code snippet generates a checkbox element with the identifier and name of \"agree\", accompanied by a corresponding label. The inclusion of the checked attribute denotes that the checkbox will be pre-selected. The checkbox\'s value is either \"on\" or the value specified in the value attribute, if provided. Notably, the checkbox\'s value will only be transmitted to the server if it is checked. A password input tag: A password input tag in HTML is a way to create a text field that allows the user to enter a password securely. The text is masked with symbols, such as dots or asterisks, so that it cannot be read by others. The password input tag is created by using the \`\` tag with the \`type\` attribute set to \`\"password\"\`. For example: html , this code will create a password field with the id and name of \"pwd\". The user can type any text value into this field, but it will be hidden from view. The value of the password field will be submitted to the server along with the name attribute when the form is submitted. Some of the attributes that can be used to customize the password input tag are: Maxlength: This attribute specifies the maximum number of characters that the user can enter into the password field. It must be a positive integer value. If the user enters more characters than the maxlength, the input will be invalid. 42 Minlength: This attribute specifies the minimum number of characters that the user must enter into the password field. It must be a non-negative integer value that is smaller than or equal to the maxlength. If the user enters fewer characters than the minlength, the input will be invalid. Pattern: This attribute specifies a regular expression that the value of the password field must match to be valid. The regular expression must follow the JavaScript syntax. For example, \`pattern=\"\[A-Za z0-9\]{8,}\"\` means that the password must contain at least 8 alphanumeric characters. Required: This attribute indicates that the user must enter a value into the password field before submitting the form. If the password field is empty, the input will be invalid. Disabled: This attribute indicates that the user cannot interact with the password field. The password field will be grayed out and its value will not be submitted to the server. Select Menu HTML Tags: A select menu tag in HTML is a way to create a drop-down list that allows the user to choose one or more options from a set of predefined values. It is created by using the tag, which contains one or more tags as its children. Each tag represents an option in the list, and has a value attribute that specifies the data to be submitted to the server when the option is selected. Optionally, you can also use the tag to group related options together under a label. Here is an example of a select menu tag in HTML: Choose a car: Volvo Saab Mercedes Audi The above code will create a drop-down list with four options: Volvo, Saab, Mercedes, and Audi. The user can select one of them, and the value of the selected option will be sent to the server as the value 43 of the name attribute, which is "cars" in this case. The label tag is used to associate the drop-down list with a descriptive text for accessibility purposes. The id attribute is used to identify the drop-down list in the document. Some of the attributes that you can use to customize the select menu tag are: Multiple: This Boolean attribute allows the user to select more than one option at a time. When this attribute is present, the drop-down list will be displayed as a scrolling list box instead of a single-line menu. Size: This attribute specifies the number of visible options in the drop-down list. If the multiple attributes are also present, this attribute determines the height of the list box. If the multiple attributes are not present, this attribute has no effect unless the value is 1, in which case the drop-down list will be displayed as a text box. Required: This Boolean attribute indicates that the user must select an option before submitting the form. If this attribute is present, the browser will display a validation message if the user tries to submit the form without selecting an option. Disabled: This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot interact with the drop-down list. The drop-down list will be grayed out and its value will not be submitted to the server. Difference Between Text field and Password tags in Html A text field and a password field are both types of input elements in HTML that allow the user to enter text data. Some of the main differences are: A text field shows the user's input as plain text, while a password field masks the user's input with a symbol, usually a dot or an asterisk. This is to prevent other people from seeing the user's password or other sensitive information. A text field allows the user to copy and paste the input value, while a password field does not. This is to prevent the user from accidentally exposing their password or other sensitive information to other applications or websites. 44 A text field can have different types of validation, such as email, number, url, etc., while a password field only accepts text values. This is to allow the user to enter different kinds of data in a text field, depending on the purpose of the input. A text field can have a default value, while a password field cannot. This is to avoid displaying the user's password or other sensitive information by default. Definition of Cascading Style Sheet (CSS): CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language that is widely used in web development for the purpose of defining the presentation and visual appearance of HTML or XML documents. It serves the purpose of separating the structural elements (HTML) from the presentational aspects (CSS) of a web page, allowing web designers to apply a variety of styles, including but not limited to colors, fonts, and spacing, to HTML elements. The utilization of CSS empowers developers to create visually appealing and consistently-designed layouts across a multitude of web pages, thus enriching the overall user experience and streamlining the maintenance and updating process of website designs. As an indispensable tool in web development, CSS offers the means to exert control over the positioning, styling, and overall presentation of elements within a website, thereby contributing to the creation of professional and cohesive web interfaces. CSS works by applying rules to HTML elements that match certain selectors, such as element names, classes, or ids. Each rule consists of one or more declarations, which specify the properties and values that affect the selected elements. For example, the following CSS rule sets the text color of all paragraphs to red: css p { 45 } color: red; The whole structure is called a ruleset, (The term ruleset is often referred to as just rule.) Note the names of the individual parts: Selector: This is the HTML element name at the start of the ruleset. It defines the element(s) to be styled (in this example, elements). To style a different element, change the selector. Declaration: This is a single rule like color: red; It specifies which of the element\'s properties you want to style. Properties: These are various methods of styling an HTML element. (In this particular instance, color is a property of the elements.) In CSS, one selects the properties to be affected within a rule. Property value: Situated to the right of the property---after the colon---lies the property value. This determines one particular appearance among numerous possibilities for a given property. (For instance, there exist various color values other than red). In addition to the selector, it is necessary for each ruleset to be enclosed in curly braces ({}). In each declaration, a colon (:) must be employed to separate the property from its value or values. Furthermore, within each ruleset, a semicolon (;) should be used to separate each declaration from the subsequent one. There are various methods available for incorporating CSS into HTML documents, including inline styles, internal style sheets, external style sheets, or imported style sheets. The hierarchical order and placement of the CSS sources can have an impact on how the styles are implemented, as per the cascade and specificity rules. To incorporate CSS into HTML, it is necessary to establish a linkage between the style sheet and the HTML document by employing one of the following methods.: - Inline styles: Inline style in CSS refers to the technique of directly applying CSS styling to an HTML element using the style attribute. This method allows for the application of a distinct style to 46 an individual HTML element, while avoiding any impact on other elements or the need for a separate CSS file. For instance, This is a paragraph with inline style. \- Internal style sheets: An internal style in CSS refers to a technique employed to apply styles exclusively to a specific HTML document. This is achieved by incorporating a section. By utilizing this approach, it becomes feasible to customize the visual properties of the various elements present on said page, including but not limited to color, font, size, alignment, and more. To illustrate, an internal style could be employed to render all headings in blue and all paragraphs in red. Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge that internal styles suffer from certain drawbacks, namely increased file size, reduced code reusability, and the inherent limitations with regard to style management across multiple pages. The ensuing example provides a straightforward demonstration of an internal style implemented via CSS: 47 **This is a heading** This is a paragraph. \- External style sheets: An external style in CSS is a method of applying styles to HTML elements through the use of a distinct file with a.css extension. External styles prove advantageous in establishing consistent and reusable styles across numerous web pages. To establish a linkage between an external style sheet and an HTML document, it is necessary to utilize the element within the section of the HTML file. Here is an example of how to link an external style sheet to an HTML document: html Selecting by classes: The utilization of class selection in CSS involves the application of style rules to HTML elements that possess a specific class attribute. The purpose of a class attribute is to group elements that share common characteristics or functionality. For example, a class can be used to centrally align all headings on a webpage or modify the color of all the links. To select elements by class in CSS, one must utilize a period (.) followed by the class name. For instance,.center selects all elements that have class=\"center\". Moreover, it is possible to combine the class selector with an element selector to achieve a higher level of specificity. For instance, p.center selects only the elements that have class=\"center\". The following example illustrates the practical implementation of class selection in CSS: /\* This will select all elements with class=\"center\" \*/ p.center { 48 text-align: center; color: blue; } /\* This will select all elements with class=\"large\" \*/.large { font-size: 24px; } What is Selecting by Identity: Selecting by identity in CSS involves utilizing the id attribute of an HTML element to apply a distinct style to said element. The id attribute is exclusive to each page, thereby necessitating the id selector to choose a single element. To select an element with a particular id, simply prepend the element\'s id with a hash (\#) character. For instance, \#demo would successfully select the element with id=\"demo\". For example, the following color add color yellow to the first name. **Demo of the \#id selector** My name is Donald. I live in Duckburg. My best friend is Mickey. What is Box Model: The CSS box model is a fundamental concept that elucidates how the dimensions and structure of an element are influenced by its content, padding, border, and margin attributes. This model can be represented as a box encompassing each HTML element, wherein 49 individual layers correspond to specific properties. To illustrate this concept, consider the following exemplar of the box model: **Demonstrating the Box Model** The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around every HTML element. It consists of: borders, padding, margins, and the actual content. This text is the content of the box. We have added a 50px padding, 20px margin and a 15px green border. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.