CSB 20503 Green Infrastructure, Smart Cities & Societies PDF

CSB 20503 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, SMART CITIES & SOCIETIES The Principle The Dimensions: Economic, Environmental, and Public Health Economic Dimension Environmental Dimension Public Health Dimension Catalyst for Growth: Sustainability: Modern...

CSB 20503 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, SMART CITIES & SOCIETIES The Principle The Dimensions: Economic, Environmental, and Public Health Economic Dimension Environmental Dimension Public Health Dimension Catalyst for Growth: Sustainability: Modern Access to Clean Resources: Infrastructure catalyzes infrastructure can integrate Infrastructure, such as water economic growth, fostering sustainable practices, reducing and sanitation systems, ensures productivity, trade, and environmental impact. access to clean resources, innovation. Green Technologies: directly impacting public health. Job Creation: Major Investments in green Healthcare Infrastructure: Well- infrastructure projects stimulate technologies, renewable energy, established infrastructure is job creation, providing and eco-friendly construction vital for disease prevention, community employment contribute to a more sustainable treatment, and overall opportunities. future. community well-being. Global Competitiveness: Well- Mitigation of Climate Change: Quality of Life: The quality of developed infrastructure Properly designed and managed public health is intricately linked enhances a nation's global infrastructure can play a crucial to the accessibility and reliability competitiveness and attracts role in mitigating the effects of of infrastructure services. investments. climate change. Definition of Infrastructure: physical & organizational structures and facilities essential for the functioning of a society Transportation Energy Water and Sanitation Communication Roads, highways, Power generation Water supply systems, Telecommunication bridges, railways, facilities such as power including reservoirs networks, including airports, and ports. plants. and treatment plants. telephone and internet Public transit systems, Transmission and Example: Sewage infrastructure. including buses and distribution networks systems and Information and subways. for electricity. wastewater treatment communication Renewable energy plants. technology (ICT) sources like solar, systems and data wind, and hydropower. centers. Infrastructure as a Driver of Economic Growth Highways and Airports and Expressways Seaports Energy Grid Telecommunication Expansion Networks Smart Cities Initiatives Employment Generation Through Infrastructure Projects Indirect Direct Job Engineering and Supporting Employment Multiplier Effect Creation Technical Jobs Industries Opportunities Long-term Local Skill Public-Private Social and Employment Employment Development Partnerships Economic Opportunities Impact Programs (PPPs) Inclusion Government Initiatives Infrastructure & Environmental Protection Sustainable Infrastructure Reducing Environmental Practices Impact Adoption of sustainable practices in Implement strategies to minimize infrastructure development ensures that infrastructure’s negative impact on projects are designed, constructed, and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural operated in an environmentally responsible resources. manner. Consideration of environmental impact Incorporation of environmentally friendly assessments to identify and address materials and construction methods that potential ecological consequences. minimize resource consumption and environmental degradation.  Incorporating renewable Renewable Energy energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, Integration into the design and operation of infrastructure projects. Green Building Adhering to green building standards and certifications Top Initiatives of Reducing prioritizing energy efficiency, use of sustainable materials, Standards and environmentally friendly design principles. Carbon Through New Developing and promoting Sustainable transportation systems that reduce carbon emissions, Transportation such as public transit, electric Infrastructure vehicles, and non-motorized Systems transport options. Deploying technologies that capture carbon dioxide Carbon Capture emissions from industrial processes and power and Storage (CCS) generation, preventing them from entering the atmosphere. Introduction to Public Health Ancient History Modern Public Health The Importance of Public Health Public health focuses on preventing diseases from occurring in the first place Disease Prevention through measures such as vaccination programs, education campaigns, and environmental regulation. Public health aims to promote healthy lifestyles and behaviors, such as regular Health Promotion exercise, healthy eating, and smoking cessation, to help individuals maintain good health and reduce their risk of chronic diseases. Public health plays a critical role in preparing for and responding to public health Emergency Preparedness emergencies, such as natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and acts of bioterrorism. Public health ensures that all individuals have access to the resources they need to Health Equity achieve good health, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status. By preventing disease and promoting good health, public health initiatives can help Cost Savings to reduce healthcare costs and increase productivity. Public health efforts can help to build strong, healthy communities by promoting Community Building social connectedness, improving access to resources, and fostering a sense of collective responsibility for the health of all community members. Occupational Health The Dynamics of Infrastructure & Public Health Access to Clean Healthcare Urban Planning and Waste Management Disaster Resilience Water and Sanitation Infrastructure and Air Quality Infrastructure and Emergency Services Response Adequate water and Well-developed healthcare Infrastructure planning Proper waste management Infrastructure resilience sanitation infrastructure are infrastructure, including influences air quality, infrastructure, including and emergency response critical for public health. hospitals, clinics, and including transportation waste disposal and capabilities are vital for Access to clean water for medical facilities, is systems and industrial recycling systems, is crucial mitigating the impact of drinking and sanitation essential for providing zones. Poor air quality, for preventing the spread of natural disasters, such as facilities directly impacts timely and effective often due to inadequate diseases and maintaining floods, earthquakes, and disease prevention and healthcare services to the infrastructure planning, can environmental hygiene. pandemics, on public health. overall community health. community. lead to respiratory and Effective waste Well-prepared Improved sanitation Proximity to healthcare cardiovascular diseases. management reduces the infrastructure and reduces the spread of services enhances disease Sustainable urban planning risk of water and soil emergency response waterborne diseases, prevention, early diagnosis, focusing on clean contamination, limiting the systems can minimize leading to better public and access to medical transportation and reduced spread of infectious casualties, ensure timely health outcomes. treatment, positively industrial emissions diseases and enhancing medical assistance, and influencing public health improves air quality and public health. support community indicators. public health. recovery during and after disasters. The Importance of Clean Water for Public Health Clean water is essential for drinking, sanitation, hygiene, and food preparation. Contaminated water can contain harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemical and industrial pollutants. The Water Supply Issue in Malaysia These contaminants can cause various waterborne diseases and illnesses caused by Unequal microorganisms transmitted through Aging Distribution of Climate Change contaminated water. Infrastructure Water Resources Efforts to improve access to clean water can Poor include improving infrastructure, increasing Pollution Management & funding, and promoting sustainable water use Governance practices.  7 Most Common Waterborne Diseases ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI) E. coli is a bacteria with various strains, some dangerous and some beneficial TYPHOID FEVER Symptoms of dangerous strains of E. coli are similar to those of dysentery and other waterborne 7 1 Symptoms include gradually increasing fever, muscle aches, fatigue, sweating, diarrhea, or constipation. diseases. vaccines are recommended for people traveling in areas Avoid water possibly contaminated by human with poor sanitation and unsafe water. and/or animal feces (like ponds, rivers, and Typhoid is treated with antibiotics. swamps). HEPATITIS A CHOLERA Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by consuming contaminated food and water or 6 2 The disease is spread through contaminated by coming in close contact with someone water and causes severe dehydration and who has the infection. diarrhea. The best way to prevent hepatitis A is by Cholera can be fatal within days or even hours getting the vaccine of exposure to the bacteria, but only 1 in 10 people will develop life-threatening symptoms. SALMONELLA GIARDIA Most cases of salmonella come from ingesting 5 3 This waterborne disease is shared through food or water contaminated with feces. contaminated water, most often in ponds and Undercooked meat, egg products, fruits, and streams, but it can also be found in a town’s water vegetables can also carry the disease. supply, swimming pools, and more. 4 DYSENTERY An intestinal infection, dysentery is a waterborne disease characterized by severe diarrhea and blood or mucus in the stool. Water Supply Technology Service Quality Continuity of supply Water quality Water pressure Threats To Rivers River pollution Institutional Responsibility and Governance Physical alteration of river systems Policy and regulation Destruction of highland catchment areas Service provision Over-exploitation of fisheries resources Standardization Introduction of exotic species into the riverine Comparing the performance of water and sanitation environment service providers The health issues related to drainage water management: Water-related vector-borne diseases Fecal/ orally transmitted diseases Chronic health issues related to exposure to residues of agrochemicals Case Study: Masdar City, Abu Dhabi Case Study: Portland EcoDistrict, Oregon, USA Economic: The district focuses on economic development through sustainable practices, including energy-efficient buildings, local business support, and creating green jobs. Environmental: The district prioritizes sustainability with green roofs, stormwater management systems, and renewable energy initiatives, contributing to environmental conservation. Health: Emphasis on walkability, bike- friendly infrastructure, and promoting healthy lifestyles supports community well- being, fostering a healthy and active population.  Description: Infrastructure projects often require significant upfront investment, making it challenging for governments or private entities High Initial to secure the necessary funds. Costs Impact: Delayed or stalled projects, limiting the development of essential infrastructure. Description: Infrastructure projects typically have long payback Long Infrastructure periods, making it difficult for investors to see immediate investment Payback returns. Period Impact: Investors may hesitate to commit funds, especially when Funding economic conditions are uncertain. Description: Governments, especially in developing countries, may Challenges Government Budget Constraints have limited budgets for infrastructure projects due to competing priorities such as healthcare, education, and social welfare. Impact: Insufficient funds may lead to delayed or scaled-down infrastructure projects. Description: Private investors may be hesitant to invest in Private infrastructure projects due to regulatory uncertainties, political risks, Sector and concerns about the profitability of projects. Reluctance Impact: Limited participation from the private sector can strain public resources and hinder the implementation of essential projects. Environmental Risks of Infrastructure Development Habitat Disruption Pollution and Contamination Climate Change Impacts Description: Infrastructure development can Description: Construction activities and Description: Poorly planned infrastructure disrupt natural habitats, displacing flora and infrastructure operations can result in may contribute to climate change through fauna and potentially causing ecological pollution and environmental contamination, increased greenhouse gas emissions, imbalances. affecting air, water, and soil quality. deforestation, and alteration of natural Impact: Biodiversity loss, habitat Impact: Adverse health effects on nearby landscapes. fragmentation, and potential long-term communities, damage to aquatic Impact: Exacerbation of climate-related ecosystem damage. ecosystems, and degradation of air quality. events, such as floods, storms, and heatwaves, impacting both the environment and public health.  Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Top 3 Possible Innovative Financing Models Solutions Government Guarantees and Subsidies Environmental Risks of Infrastructure Development Future Trends in Infrastructure Development Smart Infrastructure Green and Sustainable Resilient Infrastructure Integration Infrastructure Planning Description: Integrating technology and Description: A growing emphasis on Description: Proactive planning and data-driven solutions into infrastructure, environmentally conscious and design to enhance infrastructure creating smart cities and intelligent sustainable infrastructure practices. This resilience against climate change, systems. This includes using the Internet involves prioritizing renewable energy natural disasters, and other unforeseen of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), sources, eco-friendly construction challenges. and advanced analytics. materials, and low-carbon technologies. Impact: Minimizes vulnerabilities, Impact: Enhances efficiency, improves Impact: Mitigates environmental impact, ensures continuity of services during resource management, and enables reduces carbon emissions, and aligns disruptions, and enhances real-time monitoring and optimization of infrastructure development with global infrastructure’s long-term sustainability infrastructure systems, contributing to sustainability goals, promoting a greener and adaptability in the face of changing sustainability and resilience. and healthier future. environmental conditions.