Application of Information and Communication Technology (CS-143) Lecture Notes PDF

Application of Information and Communication Technology (CS-143) Lecture-02 Instructor: Sajiya Tariq Lecture Outline Data vs. Information Generations of Computer Data vs. Information Data – Raw, unorganized facts – Can be in the form of text, graphic...

Application of Information and Communication Technology (CS-143) Lecture-02 Instructor: Sajiya Tariq Lecture Outline Data vs. Information Generations of Computer Data vs. Information Data – Raw, unorganized facts – Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video Information – Data that has been processed into a meaningful form Information Processing – Converting data into information Computers then and Now First-generation computers (1946-1957) – Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes – Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat – ENIAC and UNIVAC Second-generation computers (1958-1963) – Used transistors – Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable – Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data Computers Then and Now Third-generation computers (1964-1970) Used integrated circuits (ICs) Hard drives were used for storage. Keyboards and monitors introduced Fourth-generation computers (1971-present) Use microprocessors IBM PC, Apple Macintosh Use keyboards, mouse, monitors, and printers Use magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks for storage Computer networks, wireless technologies, Internet introduced 12/24/2022 5 Computers then and Now Fifth-generation (now and the future) – Infancy stage – May be based on artificial intelligence (AI) – Will likely use voice and touch input – May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology