CRJU 330 Final Exam Study Guide PDF

Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 9 o Be familiar with types of murder (serial murder, mass murder, spree murder) o Serial Murder ▪ Killing of several victims in three or more separate incidents over weeks, months, or even years...

Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 9 o Be familiar with types of murder (serial murder, mass murder, spree murder) o Serial Murder ▪ Killing of several victims in three or more separate incidents over weeks, months, or even years o Mass Murder ▪ Killing of four or more victims at one location on a single occasion o Spree Murder ▪ Killing at two or more locations with almost no time break between murder o Relationship between aggravated assault and murder o Nearly all murders arise from aggravated assault o Both murder and aggregated assault require violence as a means of resolving issues o Assault ▪ Threatening to commit bodily harm to a person or placing in fear of harm o A majority of murders are the result of aggravated assault ▪ Relies on the use of violence o Homicide ▪ The most serious violent offense Bc there are typically witnesses and evidence ▪ Crime that holds the highest priority of solving by law enforcement and the public o Racial disparities in arrest rates are highest for crimes of violence ▪ Income inequalities o You are more likely to be murdered/assaulted in your own home or the home of friends, relatives, acquaintances o The “Terrible Triad” o Bedwetting o Fire-starting o Cruelty to animals o Most were products of dysfunctional families o Kids who experience these issues in their youth are more likely to be serial killers when they get older o Cultural, Criminal, situationally violent offenders o Culturally violent offenders ▪ Live in a subculture where violence is an acceptable problem-solving tool ▪ Used to explain the prevalence of violent crimes among low-income minority communities o Criminally violent offenders ▪ Violence is a tool for criminal acts (robbery) ▪ Mental illness or brain damage characterizes pathologically violent offenders o Situationally violent offenders ▪ Commit violent acts on rare occasions, often under provocation (domestic) ▪ Referred to as crimes of passion, individual temporarily loses control and is often regretful o Organized vs. Disorganized Serial killers o Organized Serial Killers ▪ Plan offenses ▪ Highly intelligent ▪ Concern with concealment of crime & transportation and dispose of victims ▪ Keep trophies ▪ Return to scene ▪ Normal appearance & socially competent ▪ Sex with victims ▪ Diurnal  ▪ Ex: Ted Bundy and John Wane Gacy oDisorganized Serial Killers ▪ Unplanned ▪ Low intelligence ▪ Opportunity, blitz attack, no disposal ▪ Not concerned with concealment, sloppy ▪ Socially and sexually incompetent ▪ “creepy”, awkward, can not maintain healthy relationships ▪ Necrophilia ▪ Tend to be nocturnal ▪ Ex: Jeffery Dahmer o Holmes & DeBurger development typologies for serial murders o Victims of the offender represent someone who inflected some perceived pain ▪ Visionaries Believe to suffer from psychosis Kill in response to voices and/or visions ▪ Mission-oriented Compelled by some perceived task Possible rid society of “undesirables” ▪ Hedonist Thrill seekers Murder for comforts, profit, or pleasure ▪ Power and control Enjoy and need to exert power/control over helpless victims Deprive pleasure in watching others suffer (sadist) o Workplace violence o Violence that occurs within a place of work o Men make up 80% of victims o Number 2 cause of death in the workplace for men and number 1 leading cause of workplace death for women is murder o Types of workplace violence ▪ Criminals with no connection ▪ directed at employees by customers, clients, students ▪ Against coworkers, supervisors, or managers by current/former employees ▪ Non-employee with personal relationship with employee Chapter 10 o Property Crimes: Theft & Larceny o Property crimes are among the first to be punished by law o Theft/ Larceny ▪ Basic offense of theft (larceny) is defined as “taking of property without the owner’s consent” ▪ Those who engage in property crimes can range from being professionals to amateurs o Occasional Property Crimes o Lack official criminal history o Lack specialized knowledge of criminal techniques o Crime is not their sole means of livelihood o Do not identify with criminal role o Common crimes ▪ Shoplifting Product that is missing from inventory Can be internal or external Snitches o Amateur shoplifters o Do not view themselves as criminals  o Steal small inexpensive items ▪ Vandalism ▪ Motor vehicle theft ▪ Check forgery o Professional Robbers o Crime is their sole livelihood and engage in crime for economic benefit o The criminal career is highly developed o Considerable skill is involved o Highly status in the criminal world is bestowed on professional criminals o Professional criminals are more successful than others at working a avoiding detection and imprisonment o Boosters/ Heels ▪ Professional shoplifters ▪ Skill and planning are utilized ▪ Focus on high end items o Shadow professionals ▪ Supplement legitimate incomes by stealing ▪ Such as a pawn shop o Cannon ▪ Professional pickpocket o Vandalism: Predatory vandalism, professional vandalism, vindictive vandalism, wanton vandalism o Vandalism ▪ The willful destruction of property without consent of owner or agent of owner o Predatory vandalism ▪ Destructive acts for gain such as destroying vending machines to steal content Opportunist o Most likely drunk o Professional vandalism o Vindictive vandalism ▪ Destruction out of hatred such as targeting a particular racial or ethnic group Attack on something due to hate for a person or group o Wanton vandalism ▪ Senseless destruction ▪ Usually committed by juveniles ▪ Rationalized by the offender as not really criminal since there was no purpose and no monetary gain o Conventional, professional, occassional criminals o Conventional property crime ▪ Minor levels of career criminality ▪ Many have early histories of truancy, vandalism, fighting, gang membership, and law enforcement contact ▪ Strong societal reaction ▪ Often lower-class ▪ Less easily deterred ▪ More likely to identify with criminal behavior o Occasional offender ▪ Do not view their activities as criminal ▪ Short or no criminal record ▪ Do not commit crimes as a means of livelihood ▪ Mild societal reaction ▪ Strongly identify with middle-class values ▪ Easily deterred from future crimes ▪ Weak criminal identification o Professional criminals ▪ Those who earn a considerable portion of their livelihood in criminal pursuit ▪ Crime is sole livelihood  ▪ Criminal career is highly developed ▪ Considered skill is involved ▪ High status in the criminal world ▪ Overall success at avoiding detection o Graffiti: Tagger, Conventional, Ideological, Gang o Gang graffiti ▪ Used by gangs to mark turf or convey threats of violence o Tagger graffiti ▪ Ranging from high-volume simple hits to complex street art o Conventional graffiti ▪ Often isolated or spontaneous acts of “youthful experience” o Ideological graffiti ▪ Convey political messages or racial, religious, or ethnic slurs o Arson: Crime concealment arson, excitement arson, profit-motivated arson, revenge arson o Arson ▪ Any willful or attempted malicious burning of a structure o Profit-motivated arson ▪ Insurance fraud where structures are purposely torched in order to collect on their insured values o Revenge arson ▪ May take place as a means of getting even such as fired employees or a jealous boyfriend/girlfriend o Vandalism arson ▪ Arson is an expression of hatred toward a particular group of individuals o Crime concealment arson ▪ Way to dispose of other crimes such as murder or physical evidence or draw attention away from crime being committed elsewhere o Sabotage arson ▪ Fires set during labor or racial strife, prison riots, or other civil disturbances o Excitement arson ▪ Carried out by pyromaniacs, individuals who have a morbid fascination with setting and observing fires o Motor vehicle theft o Joyriding ▪ Intended as temporary adventure and enjoyment ▪ Almost exclusively committed by juveniles ▪ No monetary gain o Short-term transportation ▪ Borrowed then abandoned o Long-term transportation ▪ Stolen as a permanent means of transportation o Profit motivated ▪ Highly organized theft rings permanently alter the vehicle’s identity Chapter 14 o Public order crime: definition and characteristics o Crime without victims or legislated morality refers to a number of activities that are illegal because they offend public morality o Usually considered a non-predatory crime o These crimes outnumber other recorded crimes o Broken windows policy o Important to maintain an image o The need to regulate deviant conduct o Signs of disorder can contribute to more serious crimes o These behaviors disrupt social, commercial, and political life o Prostitution (different types) o Practice of having sexual relations with emotional indifference on a promiscuous and mercenary basis o The act of soliciting, selling, or seeking paying customers is prohibited o Brothels ▪ Sometimes called whorehouses, cathouses, or bordellos, managed by madams o Streetwalkers ▪ “hookers” do business on the streets, managed by pimps o Bar girls ▪ Common in cities that serve military populations o Call girls ▪ “escorts’ top of the prostitution profession, very selective of clientele o Massage parlors ▪ Forms of commercial sex are sold under the guide of a health spa or massage service o Johns (definition and motivation) o A customer of prostitution o Motivated by ▪ Expectations of mystery and excitement ▪ Special “professional” services ▪ Easy, non-entangled sex o Paraphilia (exhibitionism, voyeurism, fetishism, sadism, masochism) o Abnormal sexual practices involving strong sexual interest in nonhuman objects, giving or receiving pain, sexual interest in children below the age of consent o Exhibitionism ▪ The purposive public exposure of private sexual parts, in order to elicit shock in unsuspecting victims o Voyeurism ▪ Invading the privacy of another by viewing him or her unclas or in a sexual situation ▪ Legal would be topless bars ▪ Illegal would be without persons consent o Fetishism ▪ Involves obtaining erotic excitement through the perception of objects associated with the opposite sex o Sadism ▪ The attainment of sexual gratification by means of inflicting pain on others o Masochism ▪ Attainment of erotic satisfaction through suffering pain; nonconsentual o Drugs commonly abused o Cannabis: Marijuana, THC, Hashish o Depressants: barbiturates, tranquilizers o Stimulants: amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine, meth o Hallucinogens: LSD, mescaline, peyote, PCP o Inhalants: nitrous, aerosols o Narcotics: opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, methadone o Addiction & Crime o Crime related to supporting someone's addiction o The crime associated with drug addiction is due to the high-cost addicts must pay for illegal sources o Unless addicts have occupations that provide either high income, then most must steal to support their habits o Many resort to dealing drugs themselves to ensure their supply Short Answer 1. Identify and describe the four types of motor vehicle theft a. Joyriding i. Intended as temporary adventure and enjoyment ii. Almost exclusively committed by juveniles iii. No monetary gain b. Short-term transportation i. Borrowed then abandoned c. Long-term transportation i. Stolen as a permanent means of transportation d. Profit motivated i. Highly organized theft rings permanently alter the vehicle’s identity e. 2. Identify and describe four types of graffiti a. Gang graffiti i. Used by gangs to mark turf or convey threats of violence b. Tagger graffiti i. Ranging from high-volume simple hits to complex street art c. Conventional graffiti i. Often isolated or spontaneous acts of “youthful experience” d. Ideological graffiti i. Convey political messages or racial, religious, or ethnic slurs