Criminology Lecture Notes PDF

CRIM 1: INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY MEANING AND NATURE OF CRIMINALS  WHAT IS CRIMINAL? Criminal – It refers to any person who is charged with a crime and was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and convicted by a competent court in violation of law.  WHAT IS CRIMINAL? Criminal – It...

CRIM 1: INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY MEANING AND NATURE OF CRIMINALS  WHAT IS CRIMINAL? Criminal – It refers to any person who is charged with a crime and was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and convicted by a competent court in violation of law.  WHAT IS CRIMINAL? Criminal – It refers to any person who is charged with a crime and was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and convicted by a competent court in violation of law.  WHAT IS ACCUSED? Accused – a person who is under detention and against whom a Criminal Complaint or Prosecutor’s Information has been filed in a court of law.  WHAT IS ACCUSED? ACCUSED DETAINEE Charged with criminal offense Undergoing trial No Final judgement yet COURT JAIL  WHAT IS SUSPECT? SUSPECT OR SUSPECTS – Individual(s) who is/are pointed to be by the victim(s) and witness(es) to have had committed the crime in issue. Subject person is not considered as a criminal unless otherwise his/her conviction is pronounced in the court.  WHAT IS RESPONDENT? A person who is a subject of Preliminary investigation or inquest proceeding.  WHAT IS DELINQUENT DELINQUENT – a person who merely committed an act not in conformity with the norms of the social order PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR FELONIES: 1. PRINCIPAL (Article 17, RPC) 2. ACCOMPLICE (Article 18, RPC) 3. ACCESSORIES (Article 19, RPC)  PRINICIPAL PRINCIPAL BY DIRECT PARTICIPATION -Those who take a direct part in the execution of the act  PRINICIPAL PRINCIPAL BY INDUCEMENT - Those who directly force or induce others to commit it  PRINICIPAL PRINCIPAL BY INDISPENSABLE COOPERATION -Those who cooperate in the commission of the offense by another act without which it would not have been accomplished.  ACCOMPLICES Accomplices are those persons who (not being included in Art. 17 RPC- Principal) cooperate in the execution of the offense by previous or simultaneous acts.  ACCESSORIES Accessories are those who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime, and without having participated therein, either as principals or accomplices, take part subsequent to its commission in any of the following manners: 1. By profiting themselves or assisting the offender to profit by the effects of the crime. 2. By concealing or destroying the body of the crime, or the effects or instruments thereof, in order to prevent its discovery. 3. By harboring, concealing, or assisting in the escape of the principals of the crime, provided the accessory acts with abuse of his public functions or whenever the author of the crime is guilty of treason, parricide, murder, or an attempt to take the life of the Chief Executive, or is known to be habitually guilty of some other crime.  CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINALS  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON ETIOLOGY Acute Criminals – people violate criminal law due to the impulse of the moment, fit of passion or anger or spell of extreme jealousy.  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON ETIOLOGY Chronic criminals – persons who acted in consonance with deliberate thinking.  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON ETIOLOGY Neurotic Criminals – refer to insane criminals whose actions arise from intra-psychic conflict between the social and anti-social components of their personality  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM Ordinary Criminals – refers to the lowest form of criminal career. They engaged only in typical crimes which require limited skill. They lack organization to avoid arrest and convictions.  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM Organized Criminals – these criminals possess a high degree of organization to allow them to commit crime without being detected and commit to specialized activities which can be maintained and operated in large scale  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM Professional Criminals – they are highly trained and skilled to make possible for them to acquire considerable amount of money without being detected because of experience and special knowledge, their organization and contact with other professional criminals.  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON MENTAL ATTITUDE Active aggressive criminals – those who perpetrate crime in an impulsive manner usually due to the aggressive behavior of the offender  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON MENTAL ATTITUDE Passive inadequate criminals – those who commit crimes because they are urged and pushed to it by means of inducement, by reward or promise without considering its consequence  CLASSIFYING CRIMINALS BASED ON MENTAL ATTITUDE Socialized delinquents – those people who are normal in their conduct and behavior but merely defective in their social process. PENOLOGY LESSON TITLE: INTRODUCING THE BRIEF CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY Lesson Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students shall be able to: 1) define penology; 2) explain the concept of penology; 13 and 3) familiarize the different penal institutions in the Philippines. PENOLOGY – refers to the study of punishment of crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.  ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PENOLOGY The term derived from the Latin word “poena” which means pain or suffering. Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. Francis Lieber was the sociologist who coined the term “penology” which means punishment for criminals. PENAL MANAGEMENT – refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as jails or prisons. CORRECTIONS – a branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION – the study and practice of a system management of jails or prisons and other institution concerned with the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. PUNISHMENT - it is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually involves pain and suffering. PENALTY - defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of law. Prison- a confinement facility having custodial authority over an individual sentenced by a court to imprisonment which is administered by a national government. Jail- are primarily adult penal institution used for the detention of law violators, which is administered by a province, city or municipality  IN THE PHILIPPINES: HISTORY OF PRISONS SPANISH REGIME:  1. BILIBID PRISON (OROQUIETA ST. MANILA) ▪ April 10, 1866 ▪ Carcel Y Presidio Correccional ▪ could accommodate 1,127 prisoners ▪ Carcel was designed to house 600 prisoners ▪ Presidio could accommodate 527 prisoners. 2. SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM ▪ Zamboanga City ▪ August 21, 1869 ▪ established to confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners ▪ Governor Ramon Blanco AMERICAN PERIOD:  1. IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM  Puerto Princesa, Palawan  November 16, 1904  “Luhit Penal Settlement”  Established by Governor Luke Wright ▪ Sub-colonies: ▪ Central ▪ Montible ▪ Sta. Lucia ▪ Inagawan  2. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN  Mandaluyong City, Manila  November 27, 1929 ▪ Established through Act No. 3579 ▪ Prison Director Ramon Victorio ▪ Women’s Prison  4. DAVAO PENAL COLONY (DAPECOL) January 21, 1932 Panabo City, Davao del Norte Established on through Act No. 3732 Founded by Lt. Col. Paulino Santos  THE TRANSFER OF OLD BILIBID PRISON OLD BILIBID PRISON NEW BILIBID PRISON  NEW BILIBID PRISON  Muntinlupa  In November 15, 1940, Old Bilibid Prison (Manila) was transferred to Muntinlupa  In January 22, 1941, officially named as New Bilibid Prison ▪ 2 Satellites: ▪ Camp Bukang-liwayway- Minimum Security ▪ Camp Sampaguita- Medium Security MINIMUM SECURIT Y PRISONER MEDIUM SECURIT Y PRISONER MAXIMUM SECURIT Y PRISONER PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC 1. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM Sablayan Occidental, Mindoro Sept. 26, 1954 Established through Proclamation No. 72 Established under the Directorship of Alfredo M. Bunye  2. LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON (LEYTE)  Jan 16, 1973  Established through Proclamation No.1101  Established under the Directorship of Gen. Vicente R. Rabal Jail- are primarily adult penal institution used for the detention of law violators, which is administered by a province, city or municipality.  TYPES OF JAILS: 1. Lock-up Jails – is a security facility, common to police stations, used for temporary confinement of an individual held for investigation. 2. Ordinary Jails – is the type of jail commonly used to detain a convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less than three years.  T YPES OF ORDINARY JAIL Provincial Jail City Jail District Jail Municipal Jail 3. Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a facility that houses minimum custody offenders who are serving short sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work programs. It provides full employment of prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities. Note: There were 8 national penitentiaries built in the Philippines. However, the Old Bilibid Prison now became the Manila City Jail and we were left with 7 as enumerated above. LESSON TITLE: DISCUSSING THE CONCEPT OF THEORY Lesson Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students shall be able to: 14 1) define theory; and; 2. discuss the concept of theory development.  WHAT IS THEORY? According to Freda Adler, theory is a statement that explains the relationship between abstract concepts in a meaningful way. For example, if scientists observe that criminality rates are usually high in neighborhoods with high unemployment rates, they might theorize that environmental conditions influence criminal behavior (Siegel, 2007). Theory - a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. It derived from the Greek word “theōria” which means “contemplation or speculation” (Oxford’s Dictionary). Theory - a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena. It is synonymous with the terms thesis, hypothesis, supposition, and proposition (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary). According to APA Dictionary of Psychology (VandenBos, 2007), as cited in (L’Abate, 2011), a theory is a principle or a body of interrelated principles that purports to explain or predict a number of interrelated phenomena. In philosophy of science, a theory is a set of logically related explanatory hypotheses that are consistent with a body of empirical facts and may suggest more empirical relationships. Moore, 1991 as cited in (http://faculty.jou.ufl.edu/theory) stated that a theory is a related set of concepts and principle about a phenomenon. It explains how some aspect of human behavior or performance is organized. The components of theory are concepts (ideally well- defined) and principles. A concept is a symbolic representation of an actual thing - tree, chair, table, computer, distance, etc. Construct is the word for concepts with no physical referent - democracy, learning, freedom, etc. One type of construct that is used in many scientific theories is variable. A principle expresses the relationship between two or more concepts or constructs.  THE FOLLOWING ARE THREE STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT: 1) Speculative - attempts to explain what is happening. 2) Descriptive - gathers descriptive data to describe what is really happening. 3) Constructive - revises old theories and develops new ones based on continuing research. The critical point relating to theory construction is its purpose to predict. The main purpose of theory is to provide the means to develop mathematical, analytical and descriptive models that predict counterintuitive, non-obvious, unseen, or difficult-to-obtain outcomes. The theory is clearly derived by some other means- it is the imagination and creative insight of the innovator by which theory is developed.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! CIAO!!! IDENTIFY WHO IS AN ACUTE CRIMINAL AND WHO IS CHRONIC CRIMINAL?