CRI215 1st Exam PPT PDF

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS ALMARIE T. DELIGERO, RCrim CHAPTER 1 THE CONCEPTS OF SECURITY “ Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to: Define security Explain the concepts of asset, risk, threat, and v...

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS ALMARIE T. DELIGERO, RCrim CHAPTER 1 THE CONCEPTS OF SECURITY “ Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to: Define security Explain the concepts of asset, risk, threat, and vulnerability Enumerate the categories of security Discuss the importance of private security in organizations.  Security  It is the state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger, assurance or certainty.  Freedom from worry about possible loss: the assurance that something of value will not be taken. Definition  Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of state where people, institution, authority or groups feel fully secured of feeling, free from any threat or vulnerability from somewhere or someone in his/her life, liberty, property or activity.  It could be in physical, psychological, social, or economical form  It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger, assurance, and certainty.  I t i s th e d e g r e e o f p r o te c ti o n against danger, loss, and criminals.  Protection agains t any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various methods and devices.  Definitions of Security The word secure is derived from the Latin “ Securus” which means “safe” or “ w i t h o u t c a r e” o r f r o m s e c u ra , wherein se means “Free from” and cura “care”. Security can be def in ed as the degree of protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss, and criminals. As a form of protection, it includes structures and processes that provide or improve security as a condition. Under the context of operational security, we call security the separation of an asset and a threat and safety the control of a threat or its effects” (ISECOM, 2010, emphasis supplied)  Related Concepts A n a sse t i s a ny t hi ng t a ng i b l e o r intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value.  If it has positive economic value, it is considered an asset. Or more simply, if its value can be converted into cash, it is an asset (Sullivan & Sheffrin, 2003). Risk It is the uncertainty of f inancial loss, the probability that a loss has occurred or will occur, the variations between actual and e xp e c te d re sul ts, or the p ossi b l e occurrence of an undesirable event. The end result of risk is loss or a decrease in value (Sennewald, 2003). Threat and Vulnerability (are sometimes interchangeably used with risk) A threat is anything that could adversely affect assets; it can be classified into natural hazards (such as f loods), accidents (chemical spills), or intentional acts (domestic or international terrorism). Vulnerability means weakness, f la w, or virtually anything that may conceivably be exploited by a threat; examples are holes in a fence, an out-of-date key system, or the introduction of a computer virus (Sennewald, 2003)  Categories of Security 1. Physical Security  pertains to all physical barriers employed or installed to secure assets  It is the broadest branch of security.  It is the physical measures adopted to prevent unautho ri ze d ac c e ss to e q ui pme nt, fac i l i ti e s, materials, and documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage damage, and theft.  Personnel Security refers to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied to determine the work suitability of a par ticular applicant or the retention of a particular employee Document and Information Security refers to policies, regulations, do ctrines, and practices e n f o rc e d t o s a f e g u a rd t h e contents and integrity of any c l a s s i f ie d i n f o r m a t i o n o r document from compromise or loss  Types of Documents 1. V i t a l D o c u m e n t s – r e c o r d s t h a t a r e irreplaceable, records of which reproduction does not have the same value as the original. 2. I m p o r t a n t D o c u m e n t – r e c o r d s w h i c h reproduction will cause considerable expense and labor, or considerable delay. 3. Useful Documents – records whose loss might cause inconvenience but could be readily replaced. 4. Non- essential Documents – records are daily f il es, routine in nature even if lost or destroyed, will not affect operation. Political Security It is another category that relates to social relationships involving governments or entities that hold authority or power.  Public Security refers to the way governments are ensuring the protection of their citizens, organizations, and institutions against threats to their well-being, as well as maintaining general security and peace in public places.  National Security It is the requirement to maintain the survival of a state through the use of economic power, diplomacy, and p ol i ti c al p owe r. S e c uri ty thre ats i nc l ud e m i l i tary f oe s f rom othe r nations, big drug cartels, or even national disasters that cause severe environmental damage. International Security  It consists of the measures taken by nations and international organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety. Examples of measures are military actions and diplomatic agreements. In the private sphere, security can be even further categorized, as shown below. Industrial Security  is a form of physical security involving industrial plants and business enterprises. This involves the safeguarding of personnel, processes, properties, and operations Bank and Armor Security  involves the protection resulting from the application of various measures which safeguard cash and assets in storage, in transit, or during transaction.  Hotel Security involves using various measures of protection for the guests, personnel properties, and functions in hotels, restaurants, bars, and clubs.  V.I.P. Security It involves the protection of top- r a n k i n g o f fic i a l s o f t h e government, visiting persons of illustrious standing, and foreign dignitaries. Operational Security  involves the protection of processes, formulas, patents, and industrial and m a nuf a cturing a ctivities from espionage, inf il tration, loss, compromise, or infringement. Operational security (OPSEC), also known as procedural security, is a process designed for risk management. The process is used by businesses to determine how to protect sensitive information from being exploited. Examples of operational security controls include: violation of the policy is cited as the reason for the employee’s dismissal. Examples of operational security controls include: Overarching Security Policy Acceptable Use Policy Security Awareness Training Policy Clean Desk Policy Mobile Device Policy Business Continuity Plan Disaster Recovery Policy Incident Response Procedure Various Standards Communication Security  involves the safeguard resulting from the application of different measures which prevent or delay the enemy or u n au th or i zed per s on from gaining information through c o m m u n i c ati o n i n c l u d i n g tran s m i s s i on an d cryptographic  Mall/commercial Security It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and crime inside malls. As a form of protection, it refers to systems, structures, and processes that provide or improve mall security as a condition “ Security Management in Organization S e c u r i ty m an ag e m e n t h as become an essential feature of corporate activ ity; th ere is almost no organization without a team dedicated to managing issues of security.  With corporate crime becoming a growing area of concern, the increasing role of private security in crime prevention is becoming more evident.  Thi s fur t he r hi ghl i ght s t he ne e d fo r i nc re a se d c o m pe t e nc e a nd professionalism among security personnel so that they can effectively play their important role in risk prevention and management in the organization.  This new breed of uniformed individuals who are armed with education and training, equipped with reliable and highly technical gadgets, and well- informed about their moral and ethical obligations have now taken over the business of ensuring the sec urity of the most impor tant assets of organizations  SECURITY AND SAFETY MEASURES  Active measures – physical barriers, security lightings, safes and vaults, locks, and other devices designed to detect and impede hazards.  P a s s i ve m e a s u re s – s e c u r i t y e d u c a t i o n programs, security investigations, safety drills, and personal security checks.  3 D’S OF SECURITY The basic theory of any Security Program can be summed up in three words;  Denial – Takes the form of Physical barriers like fences, walls gates, locked doors, watchdogs, etc. (When access is denied, the thing or area to be protected remains safe.)  Detection – Takes the form of guards and electronic devices.  Deterrence – This can be both physical and psychological. END OF CHAPTER 1 Chapter 2 History of Security “ Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to: Trace the historical roots of security during prehistoric times, the ancient period, and the middle ages. Described the evolution of security in England and the United States Identify current issues in security Historical Roots of Security The historical roots of private security agencies can b e trac e d b ac k th ou s an ds of ye ar s wh e n th e protection of life and personal property was up to the individual, and later on, passed to tribes, and then to cities. Historical Roots of Security  The Greeks of the ancient period were the ones who organized the f irst police force in city-states which they termed polis.  The Romans, on the other hand, established the Praetorian Guards known as vigiles who were tasked to be firefighters. Historical Roots of Security In the Middle Ages during their invasion of England, the French formed a group of carefully selected men called shires or sheriff to look after the peace and order of the different regions In 1655, Oliver Cromwell set up in England and Wales a police force that operated to capture and punish criminals. In 1748, London magistrate Henry Fielding introduced the concept of crime prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen that not only chased criminals for felony and misdemeanors but also served Fielding’s purpose of preventing crime ahead of time with their patrolling function. Fifty years later, English Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel formed the first formal police department  In the Christian era, watchman is the forerunner of the security guard.  During the time that countries governed by royal families, military bodyguards or guardsmen picked from elite troops assigned to royal families. Famous of them are the Praetorian Guards of Ancient Rome and Mameluks of Egypt. Today the only remaining are the Swiss Guard at Vatican City.  In the history of England, the Norman Period (1066- 1199) administered by William of Normandy brought about such personality of “shire reeves” whose duties is preservation of peace and order.  After the Norman period, in 1215 the “Magna Carta” was signed, which established the “principle of due process”  In 1748, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent, professional and adequately paid security force. His most valuable contribution was the “Foot Patrol”.  In America, security practices in the early days of colonization followed those of England. Mutual protection and accountability characterized the various groups.  In 1850, Allan Pinkerton a cooper from Scotland and Chic ago Polic e Departm ent’s f ir st detec tive established one of the oldest, private security forces in US “Pinkerton’s Private Detective Agency”.  In 1909, the William J. Burns Inc. was formed to become a sole investigating agency for American Banking Association.  In the Philippines, the f irst private security agency began on March 1, 1943, “Special Watchman Agency”.  May 30, 1958, the PADPAO (Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operators) was formally organized.  June 13, 1969, Philippine Congress enacted RA 5487 (Private Security Agency Law). This law assigned the most important role of security guard force in assisting the police in safeguarding lives and properties.  August 4, 1969, PC issued Staff Memo creating the PCSIASO (PC Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory Of fic e). After barely 2 mon th s an oth er Staff Memo was is s u ed renaming PCSIASO to PCSOSIA.  On June 29, 1970, it was again renamed as PCSUSIA (PC Supervisory Unit Security and Investigation Agencies).  Despite the enactment of RA 5487 and the formation of PADPAO, f laws and defects in the administration and operation of private security agencies remained. To rectify these f laws and defects Pres. Marcos issued PD. 1 1 on O c tob e r 3 , 1 9 7 2 , e n l ar g i n g th e coverage of Private Security Law to include those security guards employed in logging concessions, agricultural mining or pasture land.  January 17, 1973, PD 100 was issued to broaden the coverage of industry to include employee of the national or local government, or any agency that is employed to secure or watch government building, premises or compounds.  Republic Act 5487 RULE I DECLARATION OF POLICY SECTION 1. Scope. The organization, operation, business and activities of private watchman/security or detective agencies, security training institutions/systems as well as private security and training personnel shall be governed by these Rules and Regulations implementing Republic Act 5487, as amended.  SECTION 2. License Necessary. a. No person shall engage in the business of or act as a private detective agency or engage in the occupation, calling or employment of security personnel or in the business of private security/training agency without f irst having obtained the permit from the Chief of the Philippine National Police which permit as approved is prerequisite in obtaining a license certificate. b. License is likewise necessary for any person operating, managing, directing or conducting a licensed private security/detective/training agency. Any person having any participation in the management or operation thereof except those employed solely for clerical or manual work, shall also secure a license. S E CT I O N 3. Tra i ni ng R e q ui re d. A l l applicants for license certif ic ate shall have received the appropriate training f ro m any p ub l i c o r p ri v ate trai ni ng institution/system duly recognized by the government to conduct private security or police training.  SECTION 4. Prohibitions. No License certif ic ate shall be granted to any applicant for license to operate or license to exercise security profession with the following disqualifications: a. having previous record of any conviction of any crime; b. having previous record of any conviction of any offense involving moral turpitude; c. having been dishonorably discharged or separated from employment or service; d. being a mental incompetent; e. being a user/addicted to the use of prohibited drugs or narcotics; f. being a habitual drunkard; and g. dummy of a foreigner RULE  RULE II PENAL PROVISION SECTION 1. Without prejudice to the imposition of criminal sanctions, any violation of Republic Act 5487, as amended or its rule or regulation, by license grantees likewise pursuant thereof, shall be punished by suspension, or fine, or cancellation of his or its license to operate, conduct, direct or manage a private detective, watchman or security guard agency and all its members, or penalized pursuant to provisions herein under, and/or with the forfeiture of its bond f iled with the Philippine National Police, at the discretion of the Chief. PNP.  SECTION 2. a. Any person not covered by Section 1, Rule II above who commits any act in violation of Republic Act 5487 as amended and its implementing rules and regulations shall, on conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to f ifteen years, and a f ine of not less than ten thousand pesos nor more than fifteen thousand pesos as the Court may direct. b. If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned in Section 3b, Rule IV herein under, the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four years and a f ine ranging from one to four thousand pesos at the discretion of the Court. SECTION 3. Expired License. For purposes of enforcing sanctions, any private security, watchman or company guard force agency or private security or training personnel upon expiration of their respective license to operate or license to exercise security profession are considered as not possessing license and shall be held criminally and administratively liable.  RULE III DEFINITION OF TERMS SECTION 1. Def inition – For purposes of and when used in these rules and regulations, the following terms shall be construed in the sense indicated herein unless the context of a particular section clearly indicates that a different sense is intended: a. Person – shall include not only natural but also juridical persons such as single pro prieto rships, par tnerships, c o rpo ratio ns, c o mpanies o r associations, duly organized and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or the Department of Trade and Industry. b. Private Security Services – shall include the act of providing or rendering services to watch an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area or property, to conduct access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually or scientif ically by electronic monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and protection of persons within such areas, to maintain peace and order within such areas, to conduct private security training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also include the act of contracting, recruiting, training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, f ir ms, or private, public or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation. c. Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate business of providing private security and detective services. Private Security Guard (SG) – sometimes called private security guard or watchman shall include any person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas, or property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches individuals and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection, physically/manually or scientif ic ally electronic, including but not limited to, logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture lands, transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an employee thereof, including any employee of the national or local governments or agencies or instrumentality’s thereof and or government owned or controlled f irm or corporations who is employed to watch or secure government buildings, compounds, premises and other properties, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City jail guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the Government. Private Detective (PD) – shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government. Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include private security guards, private detectives, security consultants, security of fic ers and others that may be classif ie d later, rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms. Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include government security guards, detectives, security consultants, se c urity o f fic e rs and o the rs that may be classif ie d later, except those of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Po l i c e , B ure a u o f Ja i l M a na ge m e nt a nd Pe no l o gy, M uni c i pa l o r C i t y Ja i l gua rd s rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by government entities. Private Security Agency (PSA) – shall mean any person association, partnership, f irm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security guard, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, busi ne sse s, f ir ms, o r pri v at e , publ i c o r government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation whose business or transactions involve national security or interest like the operation and/or management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports heliports, landing strips etc., or as consultant on any security related matter, or to provide highly specialized security, detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering security, passenger prof il ing, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve. Private Detective Agency (PDA) – shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any private detective, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, f ir ms, or private, public or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its detectives, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation or as consultant on any detective related matter, or to provide highly specialized detective and investigation services, or other detective needs that SAGSDCSG may approve. License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative recognizing a person to be qualif ied to perform his duties as private security or training personnel. License to Operate (LTO) – is a License Certif ic ate document, issued by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative, authorizing a person to engage in employing security guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private security agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees as provided in these Rules and Regulations. m. Company Guard Force (CGF) – a security force maintained and operated by any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business establishment premises, compound or properties. Government Guard Unit (GGU) – a security unit maintained and operated by any government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained for the purpose of securing the of fic e or compound and/or extension of such government entity. PNP as used herein shall mean the Philippine National Police, which was organized pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991. SAGSD as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division or any other PNP Of fice that may be designated l ater as the p ri m ary of fic e f or sup erv i si on of the implementation of these rules and regulations. PA D PA O r e f e r s t o t h e P h i l i p p i n e s Association of Detective and Protective A g e n c y O p e ra to r s , I n c., w h i c h i s a n a s s o c i a ti o n o f a l l l i c e n s e d s e c u r i ty agencies and company security forces. Duty Detai l Ord er i s a wri tten order/schedule issued by a superior of fic er usually the private security agenc y/ branc h m anager or operations of fic er assigning the performance of private security/detective services duties The SOSIA logo illustrates the Of fice’s foundation and focus. It comprises the symbol and the name depicting the true nature and origin of the Of fice. The Sun depicts brightness that serves as beacon of the industry. The Shield shows the protective nature of the industry with the term “Steadfast” below the sym b ol of the sec uri ty g uard whi c h m eans l oyal ty and unwavering devotion to his duty. The three (3) stars represent the three (3) main Islands of the Philippines, namely Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Laurel leaves symbolizes peace which the security guard helps enforce the rules and regulations in accordance with policies and guidelines. On 21 June 1969, Republic Act 5487 otherwise known as the “Private Security Agency Law” In 04 August 1969, a staff memo was issued by Headquarters, Philippine Constabulary (HPC), organizing the Philippine Constabulary Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory Of fice (PCSIASO) and later renamed to PC Supervisory Of fice for Security and Investigation Agencies (PCSOSIA). And pursuant to GO No. 404 dated 29 June 1970, the of fice was renamed to PC Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA). Pursuant to Memorandum 07-S96 dated 31 May 1996 the Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division (SAGSD) was created as one division under the Civil Security Group (CSG) to exercise supervisory authority and implement the Rules and Regulations embodied in RA 5487. On Sep 25, 2009, SAGSD was renamed as the Supervisory Of fice for Security & Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) thru General Orders #DPL-09-10. PBGeneral Sidney Navarro Villaflor END OF ULOA