Cranial Nerves PDF

Cranial Nerves Mrs. Huffman, RDH, MSDH DH 155 Cranial Nerves 12 pairs All connect to the brain at the base and pass through the skull by foramina and fissures. Types of nerves Afferent Efferent Mixed *must know the difference among these… Afferent Sensory Carries information...

Cranial Nerves Mrs. Huffman, RDH, MSDH DH 155 Cranial Nerves 12 pairs All connect to the brain at the base and pass through the skull by foramina and fissures. Types of nerves Afferent Efferent Mixed *must know the difference among these… Afferent Sensory Carries information from the periphery of the body TO the brain/spinal cord Example: Taste, pain Efferent Motor Carries information AWAY from brain/spinal cord to periphery Mixed Both motor and sensory function MUST KNOW… 1. Name of Nerve 2. Roman Numeral of Nerve 3. Where nerve exits skull 4. Type of nerve 5. Function of nerve I. Olfactory N. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Afferent Smell-nasal mucosa to brain CN I Olfactory cribriform plate II. Optic N. Optic canal of the sphenoid bone Afferent Sight, retina to brain CN II Optic optic canal III. Oculomotor Superior Orbital fissure of sphenoid Efferent Muscles moving eyeball-brain to orbit IV. Trochlear N. Superior Orbital Fissure of sphenoid Efferent Muscles moving eyeball Brain to the orbit V. Trigeminal N. Mixed 3 branches:  Opthalmic  Maxillary  Mandibular *EXTREMELY important nerve! Know thoroughly! V1 Opthalmic Branch Afferent Superior Orbital Fissure of Sphenoid Conjunctiva, cornea, eyeball, orbit, forehead, ethmoid and frontal sinuses Arises from 3 nerves:  Frontal N.  Lacrimal N.  Nasocilliary N. V2 Maxillary Branch Zygomatic N. Anterior Superior Alveolar N. (ASA) Infraorbital N. Middle Superior Alveolar N. (MSA) Lesser Palatine N. (LP) Posterior Superior Alveolar N. (PSA) Greater Palatine N. (GP) Nasopalatine N. (NP) V2 Zygomatic N. Afferent-lacrimal gland Inferior Orbital fissure  Zygomaticofacial N. Afferent Skin of cheek  Zygomaticotemporal N. Afferent Skin of temporal region V2 Infraorbital N. (IO) Afferent Infraorbital Foramen of Mx. Upper lip, medial portion of cheek, lower eyelid, side of nose V2 Anterior Superior Alveolar N. (ASA) Afferent Joins infraorbital N. thru infraorbital foramen Sense & pain Mx CI, Mx LI, and canine plus associated tissue on facial aspect V2 Middle Superior Alveolar N. (MSA) Afferent Infraorbital foramen Sense and pain To Mx. pm and mesiobuccal root of Mx. first Molars Facially V2 Posterior Superior Alveolar N. (PSA) Afferent Infraorbital foramen Distobuccal root of Mx. 1st molar, mx 2nd molar, mx 3rd molar, tissue facially plus Mx sinuses V2 Greater Palatine N. (GP) Afferent Greater Palatine foramen Posterior hard palate, posterior lingual gingiva V2 Lesser Palatine N. (LP) Afferent Lesser Palatine foramen Soft palate and palatine tonsilar tissues V2 Nasopalatine N. (NP) Afferent Incisive foramen Anterior hard palate and lingual gingiva of mx. Anterior teeth, and nasal septal tissue  V3 Mandibular Branch *largest branch Buccal N. Inferior Alveolar N.  Muscular Branches Deep temporal N. Masseteric N. Mental N. Lateral Pterygoid N. Incisive N. Auriculotemporal N. Mylohyoid N. Lingual N. V3 Buccal N. Afferent Foramen Ovale Skin of cheek, buccal mucous membranes, and buccal gingiva of md. Posterior teeth V3 Buccal N. Deep Temporal N. 2 (ant. and post) Efferent Innervates temporalis V3 Buccal N. Masseteric N. Efferent Foramen ovale Innervates masseter muscle V3 Buccal N. Lateral Pterygoid N. Efferent Foramen ovale Innervates lateral pterygoid muscle V3 Auriculotemporal N. Afferent Foramen ovale External ear and scalp, posterior salivary glands V3 Lingual N. Afferent Foramen ovale Tongue, floor of mouth, ling. ging of md teeth Slightly anterior to (IA) tongue gets numb during anesthesia-take care when extracting 3rd molars V3 Inferior Alveolar N. Afferent Mandibular foramen Md. teeth V3 Mental N. Afferent Mental foramen Chin, lower lip, labial mucosa near md. anterior teeth and pm V3 Incisive N. Afferent Merges with mental n. thru mental foramen Anterior md. teeth V3 Mylohyoid N. Efferent Branch of IA N. Md. Foramen Mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle VI Abducens Efferent Superior Orbital Fissure of Sphenoid Muscles to eyeball VII Facial N. Branches to muscles of facial expression:  Temporal Branch Greater Petrosal N.  Zygomatic Branch Chorda Tympani N.  Buccal Branches  Mandibular Branch  Cervical Branch VII Facial N. (*must know) Mixed Stylomastoid foramen of temporal bone Facial expression, lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, skin behind ear, taste, body of tongue *Important to miss this nerve during anesthesia…could cause facial paralysis! VII Greater Petrosal N. (branch) Mixed Sensation in the palate VII Chorda Tympani N. (branch) Mixed Taste sensation to body of tongue Branches to muscles of facial expression… Temporal Branch  Superiorportion of orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercillium Branches to muscles of facial expression… Zygomatic Branch  Zygomaticus major and minor Branches to muscles of facial expression… Buccal Branches  Upper lip and nose  Buccinator  Risorius  Orbicularis oris Branches to muscles of facial expression… Mandibular Branch  Lower lip  Mentalis muscle * DO NOT confuse with V3 ! Branches to muscles of facial expression… Cervical Branch  Platysma muscle VIII Vestibulocochlear N. Afferent External acoustic meatus Hearing and balance Cochlea-hearing Semilunar canals-balance IX Glossopharyngeal N. Mixed Jugular foramen Efferent- parotid gland Afferent- pharnyx, taste and general sensation from base of tongue X Vagus N. Mixed Jugular foramen Muscles of: soft palate pharnyx larnyx parasympathetic fibers to thorax and abdomen thymus heart stomach XI Accessory N. Efferent Jugular foramen Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, muscles of the soft palate and pharnyx XII Hypoglossal N. Efferent Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue Questions? *you will need to spend adequate time with this material…you will see it several more times before you become an RDH http://www.csuchico.edu/anth/Module/skull.html